Smyth, Richard, autographed letter signed to John Winthrop; Wethersfeild [sic], Conn., 1 side (2 pages), 1652 February 21

Correspondence requesting advice on treatment and medicine for his daughter-in-law, who was ill with pain, vomiting, and a cough.

Stone, Sam, 1602-1663, autographed letter signed to John Winthrop; Hartford, 1 side (3 pages), 1652 February 1652

Correspondence seeking advice from Winthrop about his 23-week-old son, who was suffering from jaundice and a cough. Stone writes the course of treatment for the infant, on the advice of a Mrs. Hooker, had included barbaric bark boiled in beer with saffron twice daily, as well as turmeric. He also administered Winthrop's purging powder, and Stone asks if he should continue giving the powder and at what dose, and if there is any other medicines Winthrop would prescribe.

Towslande, Richard, autographed letter signed to John Winthrop, 1 side (2 pages), 1652 January 30

Correspondence requesting directions for administering medicine Winthrop had sent for Towslande's wife.

Ward, George, autographed letter signed to John Winthrop; Brainford, 1 side (3 pages), 1652 June 15

Correspondence seeking advice on treatment of a urinary condition.

Ward, John, 1606-1693, autographed letter signed to John Winthrop; Cotohit [sic], Mass., 1 side (2 pages), 1652 May 29

Correspondence requesting advice for treating occasional fits of pain and cold Ward was suffering.

Whitne, Henery, autographed letter signed to John Winthrop; Southold, 1 side (2 pages), 1652 April 22

Correspondence requesting advice and medicine for his wife, who was suffering from symptoms that included a "swiming" feeling in her head, melancholy, and hot flashes.

Sermons : manuscript, 1717-1719

Autograph manuscript, signed.

Syriæ Sive Soriæ: nova et accurata descriptio

Covers Syria, Lebanon and portions of Turkey and Iraq.

Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions: Earth system effects

The eruption of Tambora (Indonesia) in April 1815 had substantial effects on global climate and led to the ‘Year Without a Summer’ of 1816 in Europe and North America. Although a tragic event — tens of thousands of people lost their lives — the eruption also was an ‘experiment of nature’ from which science has learned until today. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of the Tambora eruption and its effects on climate as expressed in early instrumental observations, climate proxies and geological evidence, climate reconstructions, and model simulations. Progress has been made with respect to our understanding of the eruption process and estimated amount of SO2 injected into the atmosphere, although large uncertainties still exist with respect to altitude and hemispheric distribution of Tambora aerosols. With respect to climate effects, the global and Northern Hemispheric cooling are well constrained by proxies whereas there is no strong signal in Southern Hemisphere proxies. Newly recovered early instrumental information for Western Europe and parts of North America, regions with particularly strong climate effects, allow Tambora’s effect on the weather systems to be addressed. Climate models respond to prescribed Tambora-like forcing with a strengthening of the wintertime stratospheric polar vortex, global cooling and a slowdown of the water cycle, weakening of the summer monsoon circulations, a strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and a decrease of atmospheric CO₂. Combining observations, climate proxies, and model simulations for the case of Tambora, a better understanding of climate processes has emerged.