A genome-wide association study of resistance to HIV infection in highly exposed uninfected individuals with hemophilia A.

Human genetic variation contributes to differences in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. To search for novel host resistance factors, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in hemophilia patients highly exposed to potentially contaminated factor VIII infusions. Individuals with hemophilia A and a documented history of factor VIII infusions before the introduction of viral inactivation procedures (1979-1984) were recruited from 36 hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs), and their genome-wide genetic variants were compared with those from matched HIV-infected individuals. Homozygous carriers of known CCR5 resistance mutations were excluded. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and inferred copy number variants (CNVs) were tested using logistic regression. In addition, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis, a heritability analysis, and a search for epistatic interactions with CCR5 Δ32 heterozygosity. A total of 560 HIV-uninfected cases were recruited: 36 (6.4%) were homozygous for CCR5 Δ32 or m303. After quality control and SNP imputation, we tested 1 081 435 SNPs and 3686 CNVs for association with HIV-1 serostatus in 431 cases and 765 HIV-infected controls. No SNP or CNV reached genome-wide significance. The additional analyses did not reveal any strong genetic effect. Highly exposed, yet uninfected hemophiliacs form an ideal study group to investigate host resistance factors. Using a genome-wide approach, we did not detect any significant associations between SNPs and HIV-1 susceptibility, indicating that common genetic variants of major effect are unlikely to explain the observed resistance phenotype in this population.

Quelques Juifs : Israel Zangwill, Otto Weininger, James Darmesteter

par André Spire

Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication

The domestication of the horse revolutionized warfare, trade, and the exchange of people and ideas. This at least 5,500-y-long process, which ultimately transformed wild horses into the hundreds of breeds living today, is difficult to reconstruct from archeological data and modern genetics alone. We therefore sequenced two complete horse genomes, predating domestication by thousands of years, to characterize the genetic footprint of domestication. These ancient genomes reveal predomestic population structure and a significant fraction of genetic variation shared with the domestic breeds but absent from Przewalski’s horses. We find positive selection on genes involved in various aspects of locomotion, physiology, and cognition. Finally, we show that modern horse genomes contain an excess of deleterious mutations, likely representing the genetic cost of domestication.

Le baron James de Rothschild : 1844-1881

[Damascène Morgand et Charles Fatout]

Notice sur le Baron Nathan-James-Edouard de Rothschild

par [Eugène] Paillet

A la mémoire du baron James Mayer de Rothschild, président du conseil d'administraton du Chemin de fer du Nord : [recueil des discours prononcés sur la tombe ... et des principaux articles de journaux publiées à l’occasion de sa mort et de ses funéreailles ... offerts ... à sa famille

par le personnel du Chemin de fer du Nord].

Le baron James de Rothschild : 1844-1881

[Émile Picot]

La croix de la Légion d'Honneur : à Madame la Baronne James de Rothschild, 11 Janvier 1913

Mit Abbildung (von Hand!) des verkleinerten Kreuzes, wie es abends getragen zu werden pflegte

Baron James von Rothschild : [Porträt] nach einer Photographie

Stich u. Druck v. Weger in Leipzig