Scientific and technological survey in the country during 1981: interviewers manual

Manual del entrevistador de la encuesta a instituciones sobre ciencia y tecnologia.

Adoption and application of information technology in the Caribbean and its contribution to scientific, technological and human resource development

Includes bibliography

Mecanismos internacionales para el financiamiento del desarrollo científico y tecnológico: guía de discusión para su análisis y diseño = International machinery for the financing of scientific and technological development: discussion guidelines for its analysis and design

Incluye Bibliografía

Inventário dos Drosofilídeos (Diptera) associados a frutos, na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a diversidade de Drosophilidae (Diptera) frugívoros, da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil, através da implementação de um protocolo estruturado. Entre 2003 e 2004 foram realizadas duas expedições, onde procederam-se coletas com armadilhas contendo isca de banana fermentada, distribuídas em 12 transectos de 1 km, sendo dois deles em cada um dos seis interflúvios ao norte da baía de Caxiuanã, na Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, FLONA Caxiuanã. Foi obtido um total de 4.320 indivíduos, distribuídos em 35 táxons, pertencentes aos gêneros Drosophila, em sua maioria, e Neotanygastrella. A espécie dominante foi D. willistoni com 33,96% dos indivíduos coletados, seguido por D. paulistorum (21,94%), D. sturtevanti (18,73%), D. tropicalis (11,39%) e D. equinoxiahs (37%). Cinco espécies cosmopolitas do grupo melanogaster ocorreram em Caxiuanã, porém a freqüência do grupo foi apenas de 1,75%. As curvas de acumulação de espécies, com 315 amostras, aproximaram-se da assíntota, com estimativas que variaram entre 40 e 53 espécies para Caxiuanã. O estimador Chao2 produziu curvas que chegaram a estabilização, com estimativa de 50 espécies. As análises da matriz de incidência e abundância mostraram que os sítios são similares entre si, compartilhando entre 40% e 66% em composição (Jaccard), com distribuições de abundância praticamente iguais (Morisita entre 85% e 100%). O percentual de completitude do inventário (79%) indica que seriam necessárias somente 83 amostras adicionais (21% de incremento de esforço, sem adição de singletons), para acessar a diversidade total de Drosophilidae na FLONA Caxiuanã. Estes resultados refletem bem a eficiência do método utilizado para estimar diversidade de drosofilídeos de frutos. Das 23 espécies do subgênero Sophophora, identificadas nesse estudo, foram registradas 4 novas ocorrências para o Brasil (D. dacunhai, D. mil/cri, D. saltans e D. septentriosaltans) e 8 para Amazônia brasileira (D. austrosaltans, D. dacunhai, D. magalhaesi, D. milleri, D. neocordata, D. neoelhptica, D. saltam e D. septentriosaltans).

Supplementation and therapeutic use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis: Consensus of the Scientific Department of Neuroimmunology of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória, autoimune, desmielinizante e degenerativa do sistema nervoso central. Estudos epidemiológicos têm identificado associações de hipovitaminose D com doenças autoimunes. O principal objetivo desta revisão é responder se há evidências que indiquem o uso terapêutico de vitamina D em monoterapia para pacientes com EM. Por meio dos sites PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS e Scielo foram realizadas buscas usando os descritores “vitamin D”, e “multiple sclerosis” até 12/09/2013. Estudos clínicos randomizados, controlados e duplo-cegos foram selecionados para avaliar a resposta terapêutica da vitamina D na EM. Não foram encontradas evidências científicas que justifiquem o uso da vitamina D em monoterapia no tratamento da EM, na prática clínica.

Use of sample size calculation in scientific research in Brazilian Physical Education journals

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Scientific collaboration network among Brazilian universities: an analysis in Dentistry area

This paper analyses the scientific collaboration network formed by the Brazilian universities that investigate in dentistry area. The constructed network is based on the published documents in the Scopus (Elsevier) database covering a period of 10 (ten) years. It is used social network analysis as the best methodological approach to visualize the capacity for collaboration, dissemination and transmission of new knowledge among universities. Cohesion and density of the collaboration network is analyzed, as well as the centrality of the universities as key-actors and the occurrence of subgroups within the network. Data were analyzed using the software UCINET and NetDraw. The number of documents published by each university was used as an indicator of its scientific production.

Benefits of soil carbon: report on the outcomes of an international scientific committee on problems of the environment rapid assessment workshop

A Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment Rapid Assessment (SCOPE-RAP) workshop was held on 18-22 March 2013. This workshop was hosted by the European Commission, JRC Centre at Ispra, Italy, and brought together 40 leading experts from Africa, Asia, Europe and North and South America to create four synthesis chapters aimed at identifying knowledge gaps, research requirements, and policy innovations. Given the forthcoming publication by CABI of a book volume of the outcomes of the SCOPE-RAP in 2014, this workshop report provides an update on the global societal challenge of soil carbon management and some of the main issues and solutions that were identified in the four working sessions.

The University and its libraries: reactions and resistance to scientific publishers

This paper addresses the relationship of copyright and the right of universities on scientific production. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are causing many changes in the system of scientific communication, such as the creation of Institutional Repositories that aim to gather scientific production in digital format. The University needs quicker ways of spreading academic production and many questions are emerging due to contexts such as the Open Access movement. Thus, this paper questions the positioning of Universities, especially Public Universities, which despite having policies related to intellectual property to protect the transferring forms of research results to society; many times do not have a positioning or a mechanism that regulates the self-deposit of scientific production in these Institutional Repositories. In order to develop this paper, the following issues are addressed: lack of interest of the University in storing scientific production; reports on the relationship of the library with scientific publishing houses; the participation of faculty members and students in supporting the Free Access movement; and initiatives aimed at greater flexibility of copyright to the context of scientific production. In order to follow the development of these issues at international level, it was opted for qualitative research with non-participating direct observation to carry out the identification and description of copyright policy of important publishers from the ROMEO SHERPA site; therefore, it can be observed that there are changes regarding the publishers' flexibility before self-archiving of authors in open access institutional repositories in their universities. Given this scenario, we presente reflections and considerations that involve the progress and mainly the integration of the University and its faculty members; the institution should recommend and guide its faculty members not to transfer their copyrights, but to defend their right of copy to Institutional Repositories along with Publishing Houses.

An Informatics Technical Note on Interaction of DNA - Graphene Chemical Sensor System as Reaction-Diffusion Wave-Based Computing System in Ionised Gaseous environments and their Applications Using Theoretical Studies and Scientific Computation Overview

The physics of plasmas encompasses basic problems from the universe and has assured us of promises in diverse applications to be implemented in a wider range of scientific and engineering domains, linked to most of the evolved and evolving fundamental problems. Substantial part of this domain could be described by R–D mechanisms involving two or more species (reaction–diffusion mechanisms). These could further account for the simultaneous non-linear effects of heating, diffusion and other related losses. We mention here that in laboratory scale experiments, a suitable combination of these processes is of vital importance and very much decisive to investigate and compute the net behaviour of plasmas under consideration. Plasmas are being used in the revolution of information processing, so we considered in this technical note a simple framework to discuss and pave the way for better formalisms and Informatics, dealing with diverse domains of science and technologies. The challenging and fascinating aspects of plasma physics is that it requires a great deal of insight in formulating the relevant design problems, which in turn require ingenuity and flexibility in choosing a particular set of mathematical (and/or experimental) tools to implement them.

Scientific use of the finite element method in Orthodontics

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for third molar extraction in healthy patients: current scientific evidence

Third molar extraction is one of the most frequently performed procedures in the dental clinic, and it is associated with innumerable trans- and postoperative complications, such as pain, trismus, edema, localized alveolar osteitis, and surgical site infection. Some authors advocate the use of local or systemic antibiotics to reduce the incidence of these postoperative complications. However, several studies have revealed an insignificant gain after using antibiotics. Despite the risks of allergic reactions, toxicity, and the development of resistant microorganisms, about 50% of dentists routinely prescribe the use of prophylactic antibiotics for this purpose. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the scientific evidence that justifies antibiotic prescription to healthy patients undergoing third molar extraction.

Probiotics: the scientific evidence in the context of inflammatory bowel disease

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)