Parisuhteessa ratkotaan muistoja

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kolahtaako Kotimainen? Kuluttajien käsitys SOK:n Kotimaista-tuotesarjan nestemäisten maitotaloustuotteiden laadusta

Kaupan omat merkit ovat perinteisesti mielletty heikkolaatuisiksi substituuteiksi valmistajien brändituotteille. Kaupan omia merkkejä myydään kuitenkin tällä hetkellä enemmän kuin koskaan, ja kaupan omat merkit ovat nousseet sellaiseen asemaan, että ne voivat olla laadukkaita sekä tarjota kuluttajille muutakin kuin taloudellista lisäarvoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, millaiseksi kuluttajat kokevat SOK:n Kotimaista-tuotesarjan maitotaloustuotteiden laadun. Tutkimusongelmat olivat 1. Mistä tekijöistä kuluttajien käsitykset Kotimaista-tuotesarjan laadusta muodostuvat? 2. Millainen Kotimaista-tuotesarjan maitotaloustuotteiden laatu on kuluttajien mielestä verrattuna maitotaloustuotteissa yleisesti tärkeinä pidettyihin tekijöihin? sekä 3. Miten käyttökokemus sekä henkilökohtaiset ja tilannesidonnaiset tekijät vaikuttavat kuluttajien käsityksiin Kotimaista-tuotesarjan maitotaloustuotteiden laadusta? Tutkimuksen teoriaosuudessa käsitellään kaupan omien merkkien ominaispiirteitä sekä kuluttajan kokeman laadun muodostumista elintarvikkeissa. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin sähköisenä kyselynä, johon vastaajia kutsuttiin Facebookin, Turun yliopiston sekä Turun Osuuskaupan verkkosivujen kautta. Näytteeseen vastaajia valikoitui 240. Kotimaista-tuotesarjan nestemäiset maitotaloustuotteet jaettiin neljään tuoteryhmään, jotka olivat maidot, kermat, jogurtit ja muut ruoanlaittoon liittyvät tuotteet. Kuluttajien käsityksiä Kotimaista-tuotesarjan laadusta verrattiin maitotaloustuotteissa yleisesti tärkeinä pidettyihin ominaisuuksiin epäparametristen testien avulla. Lisäksi tutkittiin käyttökokemuksen ja laatuarvioiden välistä yhteyttä. Tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että vastaajat kokivat Kotimaista-tuotesarjan laadukkaaksi. Ominaisuudet, joita vastaajat pitivät maitotaloustuotteissa tärkeimpinä, korostuivat parhaimpina Kotimaista-tuotesarjassa. Kotimaista-tuotesarjaa ei pidetty järin laadukkaana pakkauksen, eettisyyden ja lisäaineettomuuden osalta, mutta näitä ei koettu yleisesti tärkeiksi ominaisuuksiksi. Suomalaisuus nousi vahvasti esille Kotimaista-tuotesarjassa, joten tuotteiden kotimaisuus-imago toteutui hyvin. Käyttökokemus vaikutti käsitykseen laadusta muiden kuin jogurttien kohdalla. Suurempi käyttökokemus johti positiivisempaan käsitykseen laadusta. Vanhempi väestö koki laadun selvästi heikommaksi kuin nuoremmat, ja useammin S-ryhmässä asioivat kokivat laadun selvästi paremmaksi kuin harvemmin asioivat. Naiset kokivat laadun hieman paremmaksi kuin miehet. Tulotasolla, korkea-asteen koulutuksella ja kotitalouden koolla ei ollut vaikutusta käsityksiin Kotimaista-tuotesarjan maitotaloustuotteiden laadusta.

Secular Possession: Cinematic Iconography of Addiction

Addiction, and the experience of being addicted, is notoriously difficult to describe verbally and explain rationally. Would multifaceted and multisensory cinematic images work better in making addiction understandable? This study enquires how cinematic expression can render visible the experience of being addicted which is invisible as such. The basic data consists of circa 50 mainly North American and European fiction films from the early 1900s to the early 2000s that deal with addictive disorders as defined in the psychiatric DSM-V classification (substance dependence- and gambling disorders). The study develops an approach for analyzing and interpreting a large volume of digital film data: digital cinematic iconography is a framework to study the multifaceted cinematic images by processing and viewing them in the “digital image-laboratory” of the computer. Images are cut and classified by editing software and algorithmic sorting. The approach draws on early 1900s German art historian Aby Waburg’s image research and media archaeology, that are connected to film studies inspired by the phenomenology of the body and Gilles Deleuze’s film-philosophy. The first main chapter, “Montage”, analyses montage, gestural and postural images, and colors in addiction films. The second main chapter, “Thingness”, focuses on the close-ups of material objects and faces, and their relation to the theme of spirituality in cinema and art history, The study argues that the cinema engages the spectator to "feel" what addiction is through everyday experience and art historical imagery. There is a particular, historically transmitted cinematic iconography of addiction that is profane, material, thing-centered, abject, and repetitive. The experience of being addicted is visualized through montages of images characterized by dark and earthy colors, horizontal compositions and downward- directed movements. This is very profane and secular imagery that, however, circulates image-historical traces of Christian iconography, such as that of being in the grip of an unknown power.

Crowdfunding as a new funding alternative for early stage start-ups

Attracting outside capital is a common problem for start-up companies. Capital markets define the funding options for companies and firms which suffer the most from these capital market imperfections are small start-up companies. Therefore it is important to study any new funding model which can offer a new solution to this inefficiency of capital markets. This study explains the traditional funding models for start-ups such as founders, friends & family, banks, business angels and venture capitalist. After giving background to traditional start-up funding this study delves into crowfunding (CF) and introduces it as a new funding method. The objective of the thesis is to answer one broad research question: Why and how should start-up companies use CF as an alternative funding method? To properly delve into this, this question has the following sub-questions: What kind of funding alternatives do start-up companies have? What are the pros and cons of CF compared to other funding options? How can start-ups benefit from CF? This study gives background on the rise of CF and the reasons why this new model is needed. Author will explain the different components of CF such as platforms, crowdfunders and projects. Also benefits and challenges of the crowdfunding model are investigated. As a new funding model CF has had to clear out many obstacles from its way. These are, for example, legal and regulatory issues as well education of crowd investors to understand this new investment option. . Start-up entrepreneurs can gain valuable insight from this study. The author has attempted to form best practices and guidelines of how to operate in the CF environment. This study was conducted by performing expert interviews, collecting data from previous studies and performing a content analysis of successful crowdfunding cases. Main findings from the study were that CF has huge potential in funding entrepreneurial projects. It is still a niche way for funding but growing rapidly. CF is earning its place among traditional funding options and has potential to fund projects which otherwise would struggle to find funding. With CF entrepreneur can tap into geographically diverse audience. It is a powerful validation tool for products and ideas and has the power to bring democratic elements to entrepreneurial funding.

Set-up and evaluation of a mid-infrared reflectometer and investigation of the optical properties of doped tin telluride

A system comprised of a Bomem interferometer and a LT3-110 Heli-Tran cryostat was set up to measure the reflectance of materials in the mid-infrared spectral region. Several tests were conducted to ensure the consistency and reliability of the system. Silicon and Chromium, two materials with well known optical properties were measured to test the accuracy of the system, and the results were found to be in good agreement with the literature. Reflectance measurements on pure SnTe and several Pb and Mn-doped alloys were carried out. These materials were chosen because they exhibit a strong plasma edge in the mid infrared region. The optical conductivity and several related optical parameters were calculated from the measured reflectance. Very low temperature measurements were carried out in the far-infrared on Sn9SMn2Te, and the results are indicative of a spin glass phase at 0.8 K. Resistivity measurements were made at room temperature. The resistivity values were found, as expected, to decrease with increasing carrier concentration and to increase with increasing manganese concentration.

Quantum cavitation in liquid helium

Using a functional-integral approach, we have determined the temperature below which cavitation in liquid helium is driven by thermally assisted quantum tunneling. For both helium isotopes, we have obtained the crossover temperature in the whole range of allowed negative pressures. Our results are compatible with recent experimental results on 4He.

From nonwetting to prewetting: The asymptotic behavior of 4He drops on alkali substrates

We investigate the spreading of 4He droplets on alkali-metal surfaces at zero temperature, within the frame of finite range density-functional theory. The equilibrium configurations of several 4HeN clusters and their asymptotic trend with increasing particle number N, which can be traced to the wetting behavior of the quantum fluid, are examined for nanoscopic droplets. We discuss the size effects inferring that the asymptotic properties of large droplets correspond to those of the prewetting film.

Two-dimensional clusters of liquid 4He

The binding energies of two-dimensional clusters (puddles) of¿4He are calculated in the framework of the diffusion Monte Carlo method. The results are well fitted by a mass formula in powers of x=N-1/2, where N is the number of particles. The analysis of the mass formula allows for the extraction of the line tension, which turns out to be 0.121 K/Å. Sizes and density profiles of the puddles are also reported.