Psychosocial factors for risk and protection to child malnutrition in mothers of malnourished and eutrophic children: the role of maternal mental health

In this study, the relationship between child malnutrition, depression, anxiety and other maternal socio-demographic variables was investigated in mothers of malnourished (MD) and eutrophic (ME) children. The causes attributed by mothers to malnutrition were also studied. Ten mothers from each group, with children aged from 11 months to three years and who were users of primary health care units, participated in the study. They answered Beck depression and anxiety inventory, a questionnaire on vital events and an open question concerning the causes of malnutrition. The evaluation instruments were corrected according to proper guidelines and comparative analyses between the groups were performed. The answers to the open question were qualitatively evaluated, submitted to content analysis. The mothers in the two groups were nearly 30 years old or older. They had a steady partner and were subject to very similar life conditions. They had attended school for 5.5 years and were housewives or worked in low-income jobs. Concerning mental health indicators, a significantly larger number of mothers in the MM group showed depression indicators when compared to mothers in the EM group. Most mothers attributed malnutrition to biological factors or to the lack of maternal care, with more moralist statements in the EM group, and statements filled with guilt in MM. Results suggest that in order to fight malnutrition, in addition to nutritional interventions, it is necessary to heed attention to maternal socio-emotional issues.

Demographic consequences of structural adjustment in Chile

Includes bibliography

Income distribution and poverty through crisis and adjustment

Includes bibliography

Informe de la Reunión sobre Crisis Externa: Proceso de Ajuste y su Impacto Inmediato y de Largo Plazo en el Desarrollo Social: ¿Qué hacer? = Report of the Meeting on Possible Measure to Deal with the Immediate and Long-term Impact on Social Development of the External Crisis and the Adjustment Process

Informe de la reunion que tuvo por objetivo: 1) considerar estrategias y propuestas de accion para superar la pobreza y lograr un desarrollo social armonico con el desarrollo economico; y 2) promover un analisis de la situacion del desarrollo social en la region, y especificamente de la naturaleza y caracteristicas de la pobreza en el marco de los factores estructurales y de los factores derivados del proceso de ajuste a la crisis externa.

Psychosocial impact on anophthalmic patients wearing ocular prosthesis

The aim of this study was to assess the improvement in psychosocial awareness of anophthalmic patients wearing ocular prostheses and its relationship with demographic characteristics, factors of loss/treatment, social activity, and relationship between professional and patient. Surveys including a form for evaluation of psychosocial pattern were conducted with 40 anophthalmic patients rehabilitated with ocular prosthesis at the Center of Oral Oncology in the authors' dental school from January 1998 to November 2010. The improvement in psychosocial awareness was assessed by comparing the perception of some feelings reported in the period of eye loss and currently. Wilcoxon tests were applied for comparison of patients' perception between the periods. χ2 tests were used to assess the relationship between the improvement in psychosocial awareness and the variables of the study. In addition, the logistic regression model measured this relationship with the measure of odds ratio. The feelings of shame, shyness, preoccupation with hiding it, sadness, insecurity and fear were significant for improvement in psychosocial awareness. It was concluded that the anophthalmic patients wearing an ocular prosthesis has significant improvement in psychosocial awareness after rehabilitation. © 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Internal debt and financial adjustment in Peru

Includes bibliography

External restriction and adjustment: options and policies in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Review of the theoretical approaches to external adjustment and their relevance for Latin America

Includes bibliography

Crisis, adjustment policies and agriculture

Includes bibliography

Argentina: crisis, adjustment policies and agricultural development, 1980-1985

Analiza las tendencias dominantes en la agricultura y en la economia hasta la crisis de los anos 70, los programas de ajuste y sus efectos en el sector, y algunas consideraciones acerca de los principales desafios y el papel que le corresponderia a la agricultura en ellos.

The external crisis, adjustment policies and agricultural development in Brazil

Includes bibliography

Colombia: effects of the adjustment policy on agricultural development

Includes bibliography

Costa Rica: crisis, adjustment policies and rural development

Analiza la situacion del sector agropecuario costarricense hasta la decada del 70, los problemas estructurales que mostro el patron de desarrollo seguido, las manifestaciones de la crisis y las caracteristicas de las principales politicas de ajuste que se adoptaron en 1982, asi como el impacto de estas medidas en la agricultura.

Chile: effects of the adjustment policies on the agriculture and forestry sector

Includes bibliography

Ecuador: crisis and adjustment policies: their effect on agriculture

Analiza los efectos en el producto y otras variables economicas de la conmocion del petroleo en el decenio de 1970; la crisis financiera y las politicas de ajuste de la decada de 1980; y algunos cambios importantes en la estructura de la produccion agropecuaria en el periodo 1970-1985 en Ecuador.