Miss-understand-ing: design education in Ontario secondary schools : an exploration of the issues with stakeholders and recommendations for change /

For most people design is a mystery. The products of design are integrated into our daily lives to the point that design has become invisible to us. However. what is subsumed in design practice is a creative problem-solving process that is applicable as a teaching strategy as well as a method for teaching the subject of design. The purpose of this study was to inquire into the current classroom practice of Ontario Visual Arts and Technological Education teachers, understand the goals of Ontario government curriculum developers, and explore the position held by the professional design community on secondary school design education. Data for this study were collected from: (a) a textual analysis of 4 Ministry curriculum documents; (b) interviews with JO stakeholders; (c) unobtrusive observations and informal conversations conducted at 7 secondary school open house events; and (d) observation of 2 sessions of an AQ course for Design and Technology. The research design modeled the design process and was divided into 2 parts: a discovery or problem-finding phase and a discussion or problem-solving phase. The results showed that design is misunderstood and misused; it has become lost between visual arts and technology where neither program holds responsibility for its delivery; students mistake working on computers for design practice; and while there is a desire within the professional community to have a voice in secondary school design education. there is no forum for participation. The technology-driven paradigm shift taking place in society today calls for a new framework for tellching and practicing dcsign. Further research is required; howcvcr. in the meantime. secondary school educators might benefit from professional development and classroom support from the professional dcsign community.

Worldview awareness and adult education /

This research derived data from two sets of interviews with 18 participants who were involved in adult education in either a community college or a university. The purpose was to explore their worldview awareness. Through the interviews, the participants shared their understanding of worldview as a term and concept and as something that might be seen to apply in their practice of teaching. The responses indicated that there are three kinds of awareness (noetic, experiential, and integrative) which appeared to develop upon a landscape of constraints and opportunities. Constraints were seen to fall into the 5 broad categories of institutional, circumstantial, self-imposed, other-imposed, and discipline-related constraints. Opportunities for developing awareness were linked to individual experiences and could occur to different extents in many directions, on different occasions, and in different phases of life. Through this research, and in spite of the prevalence of worldview in the human experience, it was foimd that the term and concept have remained on the margins of educational discourse. Consequently, theory, research, and practice have been deprived of a useful and usable concept.

The influence of physical activity behaviour on the relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in children

There is an emerging awareness that children with poor motor abilities are at particular risk for overweight. This cross-sectional study examined the influence of physical activity behaviour on the relationship between motor proficiency and body composition. Participants were 1287 (646 males, 641 females) Grade 6 students in the Physical Health Activity Study project. Height, weight, waist girth, and motor proficiency (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Performance BOTMP-SF) were assessed. Physical activity behaviours were also evaluated with a multifaceted approach and reported for school-based, non-school based physical activity, free-time play, and sedentary activities (Participation Questionnaire), and leisure time exercise (Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire GS). Overweight was defined by BMI scores: boys :::20.6-21.2 and <25.1-26.0; girls: ::: 20.7-21.7and <25.4-26.7 and obesity was defined as: boys:::: 25.1-26.0; girls: :::25.4-26.7. Children were classified as case group (CG,::; 10% on BOTMP-SF), borderline case group (BC, > 10% to ::; 20% on BOTMP-SF) or non-case group. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) uncovered a significant difference in overweight and obesity between the case group and non-case group. Normal-weight children reported higher participation in organized school-sports (intra-mural and inter-school teams). The CG reported significantly lower participation in school sports teams and lower GS results, with a trend towards lower participation in all active pursuits. They also reported a significantly higher duration of television watching and book reading. There were no significant differences between motor proficiency groups by gender, age, nonschool sports, or free-time activity. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the case group was 10.9 times more likely to be overweight/obese than their peers. No single aspect of physical activity was able to explain the difference in odds ratios for the motor proficiency groups. However, for the entire cohort, children who participated in more organized school sports were less likely to be overweight/obese. These findings confirm that children with low motor proficiency are at significant risk of developing overweight. It is evident that these children have generally attenuated activity levels and heightened levels of sedentary pursuits. School-based activities appear particularly limited, and are the one area where children have near autonomy in their decision to pursue active opportunities. The promotion of school-based programs, specifically intramural sports may be an important aspect in increasing children's overall activity levels. It is also essential to consider the needs of those children with low motor proficiency when designing activity promotion programs. Future research should further explore motor proficiency and overweight/obesity.

Experiences and meaning of the aquatic environment for individuals with physical disabilities

This study examines the experiences and meaning of physical activity in the aquatic environment to enhance social, cultural and political understanding of its impact in the lives of individuals with physical disabilities. Interviews, lived experience descriptions and artifacts present an explanation of the felt sense oftheir bodies as they engage in swimming or scuba diving. 11 Combining written, verbal and visual descriptions generated by informants provides a detailed account of the unique qualities of physical activity in the water for those with physical disabilities. Participants' descriptions highlight that context is an important aspect of physical activity among individuals with physical disabilities through discussion of motility and the role of the lived body. Aspects of the aquatic environment create a setting that facilitates forgetfulness of the lived body's presence. Instructors and participants alike will benefit from learning the difference between the object body and the lived body, listening to the body's voice as they participate in physical activity .

The journey towards comprehensive school health within an aboriginal community

The purpose of this research is to describe the journey towards Comprehensive School Health at two Aboriginal elementary schools. An advocate and a healthy schools committee were identified at both schools and were responsible for developing initiatives to create a healthy school community. A case study was used to gather an in-depth understanding of Comprehensive School Health for the two schools involved. As a researcher, I functioned within the role of a participantobserver, as I was actively involved in the programs and initiatives completed in both schools. The research process included: the pilot study, ethics clearance and distribution of letters of invitation and consent forms. Data collection included 16 semi-structured, guided interviews with principals, teachers, and stupents. Participant observations included sites of the gymnasium, classroom, playgrounds, school environments, bulletin boards as well as artifact analysis of decuments such as school newsletters, physical education schedules and school handbooks. The interviews were transcribed and coded using an inductive approach which involves finding patterns, themes and categories from the data (patton, 2002). Research questions guided the findings as physical activity, physical education, nutrition and transportation were discussed. Themes developed t~rough coding were teacherstudent interactions, cultural traditions, time constraints and professional development and were discussed using a Comprehensive School Health framework.

The Mirror Room Project: A Critical Ethnographic Program Evaluation of a Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Based Youth Development Program

Amongst a host of other benefits, proper physical education has the possibility to create a safe place where responsibility can be transferred from the teacher/facilitator, to the student. This is especially true with an underserved population. This critical program evaluation of the program CHARM was done for the purpose of program improvement. This research was a place for participants to share their experiences of the program. The participants were 5 underserved youth, 5 undergraduate students, 3 teachers and 1 graduate student. Observations, interviews, and document analysis were used to gather data. Data was analyzed using a first level read-through, and two second-level analyses. Summaries were written, and cross-case analyses were completed. The main finding of the research was the development of a Handbook, which is a guide to running the program. Secondary findings include issues of program structure, goal setting, meaningful relationships, roles, SNAP, and an outlier in the data.

Daily Physical Activity as an Intervention Strategy for Anxious Elementary Students

The focus of this project was twofold: a comprehensive examination of provincially mandated, school-based physical activity programming beyond physical education, as well as an exploration of the potential relationship between school-based physical activity and student anxiety. The data were collected using a descriptive research methodology consisting of a qualitative document analysis of provincial government publications pertaining to school-based physical activity programming and the literature on the relationship between physical activity and student anxiety. The findings revealed inconsistencies between the Canadian provinces and territories in providing mandated school-based physical activity beyond physical education. It was also revealed that regular school-based physical activity has the potential to make a positive impact on students’ lives in many ways. Students are living more sedentary lives, and evidence shows that regular physical activity could prevent and treat student anxiety.

Finding and Implementing Relevant Resources in Adapted Physical Activity (APA): It's easier said than done...

The purpose of this research was to explore challenges to operationalizing and implementing relevant resources for Adapted Physical Activity (APA) and to develop a framework on how resources should be developed and implemented to foster appropriate APA. An unobtrusive methodology was used to examine existing resources and training/learning opportunities for practitioners teaching APA. Data were collected via unobtrusive methods: documents, records, literature and feedback forms. After the findings were summarized, expert consultations were completed using a modified Delphi- technique to confirm the findings. A constructivist approach and phenomenological orientation was used to analyze the data and develop the “ideal” resource. Results indicate there are limited APA resources and teaching/learning opportunities for practitioners and there is a need for practitioner facilitation through professional development on finding and implementing resources. Future research should develop and evaluate the “ideal” resource and strive to improve the connection and consistency of resources in APA.

Two School Administrators’ Perspectives on How Intercultural Education is Promoted in Their Elementary Schools

This study examined the perspectives of 2 elementary school administrators (1 principal of a faith based school, and 1 vice-principal of a public school) towards intercultural education and how it was implemented in their schools. A generic qualitative research methodology guided this study. Face-to-face interviews that used a guide with open-ended questions were used to collect data. Participants were administrators in their respective schools, had been involved in intercultural activities at their school, and were professional acquaintances of the researcher. The interviews were digitally recorded and the interview transcripts were reviewed by participants to ensure accuracy. The administrators’ understanding of intercultural education tended to be limited to learning and celebration of various cultures. The intercultural education strategies used in the respective schools focussed on developing a knowledge base and provided limited intercultural interaction. The public school had greater resources available than the private faith-based school. However, the resources were not always used to facilitate intercultural education. Teachers and administrators were provided with very few professional development opportunities focussed on intercultural education.

Étude des manifestations d’une pensée critique visée, stimulée et manifestée, chez des étudiants en formation initiale en enseignement de l’éducation physique et à la santé

L’école et les programmes de formation à l’enseignement ont connu beaucoup de transformations au cours des dernières décennies. Ces changements sont notamment associés au mouvement de la professionnalisation de l’enseignement qui met l’accent, entre autres, sur l’importance de développer une réflexivité critique chez les futurs enseignants à travers des cours théoriques et des stages. Dans cette optique, le Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et du sport (MELS) et les institutions universitaires ont la responsabilité d’interpréter les caractéristiques propres à une pensée critique et de les intégrer à la formation initiale des enseignants. Cependant, bien que le concept de pensée critique ait fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches théoriques et empiriques depuis les travaux sur la pensée réfléchie de Dewey, il n’existe toujours pas une définition consensuelle du concept. Néanmoins les philosophes « classiques » (Ennis, McPeck, Paul, Siegel, Lipman) s’entendent pour soutenir qu’une pensée critique présuppose un doute méthodique qui conduit à la mobilisation d’habiletés et d’attitudes intellectuelles complexes, reliées à l’évaluation des faits et des situations. De leur côté, des épistémologues issus du champ de la psychologie développementale (King & Kitchener, Kuhn, Perry, et d’autres) ont élaboré des modèles de développement d’une pensée critique basés sur l’identification de stades. L’un des plus récents modèles est issu des sciences de l’éducation (Daniel et al.) et sera utilisé comme grille pour analyser nos données. Il présuppose quatre modes de pensée (logique, métacognitif, créatif et responsable) et leur complexification à partir de trois perspectives épistémologiques (égocentrisme, relativisme et intersubjectivité). La présente étude, de nature qualitative, cherche à d’identifier la réflexivité (simple ou critique) visée par les textes officiels du MELS, stimulée par l’Université de Montréal (UdeM) dans le cadre de la formation initiale des étudiants inscrits en Éducation physique et à la santé (ÉPS) et manifestée par ces étudiants en fin de formation. Pour ce faire, nous avons eu recours à une analyse de contenu, et à une analyse basée sur le modèle développemental de Daniel et ses collègues. Ces analyses ont été conduites sur le référentiel de compétences du MELS, sur les indicateurs de compétences et les consignes de rédaction des rapports synthèses de l’UdeM, ainsi que sur des verbatim d’entrevues individuelles et de groupe et sur les rapports synthèses des participants (au nombre de neuf). Les résultats d’analyse du référentiel de compétences et des indicateurs de compétences montrent que les réflexivités visée et stimulée sont de l’ordre d’une pensée réfléchie mais pas nécessairement d’une pensée critique. Parallèlement, la réflexivité manifestée par les stagiaires lors des entrevues ainsi que dans leurs rapports synthèse s’est révélée être de l’ordre d’une pensée réfléchie pas nécessairement critique même si des manifestations d’une pensée critique ont occasionnellement pu être observées.

Las Webquests como objetos de aprendizaje en la formación del profesorado de educación física. Innovación didáctica

A partir de los resultados de una investigación anterior realizada sobre estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de magisterio de Educación Física en el que se aplicó el cuestionario Honey & Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA) propuesto por Alonso (1992) se observó que no se encontraban plenamente identificados con ninguno de los estilos de aprendizaje propuestos por los autores, si bien existía una inclinación o tendencia moderada-baja en cada uno de ellos; aunque mayoritariamente los grupos estudiados se encontraban más identificados con el estilo reflexivo. Conocer la forma en que cada estudiante tiene de hacer suyo el conocimiento, o lo que es lo mismo, su “estilo de aprendizaje” (Gallego, Alonso y Honey, 1999), ayudará y determinará el estilo de enseñanza del profesor

Kinball: los deportes alternativos en la formación del/la docente de educación física

Desde hace años, los maestros y profesores de educación física se han basado en gran medida en los deportes colectivos clásicos, como el fútbol, baloncesto, balonmano, voleibol… para desarrollar su labor pedagógica en sus centros educativos. No obstante, en muchas ocasiones sus clases se han convertido en una mera transmisión de gestos técnicos más enfocados al deporte como rendimiento que a la función educativa, que debería primar en las sesiones de educación física. En los tiempos actuales, seguir con este modelo tan erróneo y equivocado sería un atraso y de ahí que sea necesario un cambio en esta manera de entender la educación física. Tanto es así que la sociedad, desde hace ya algún tiempo, ha venido solicitando este cambio exigiendo una mayor calidad del sistema educativo que se debería ver reflejado en un mayor compromiso y cualificación de las personas encargadas de este proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje

Formação contínua de professores em contexto

A importância atribuída à formação contínua de professores justifica-se, em grande parte, pelas características da sociedade pós-moderna que colocam novas exigências ao «saber», ao «saber fazer» e, sobretudo, ao «saber como fazer» dos profissionais de educação. A formação contínua de professores deverá adquirir um sentido que valorize não só a aquisição de conhecimentos, mas sobretudo o desenvolvimento de competências e, nesse sentido, que as práticas formativas se articulem com os contextos profissionais dos docentes. A formação contínua deverá ser ajustada à realidade de cada escola e do seu grupo de professores, onde seja possível transformar o trabalho diário dos docentes em actividades formativas, onde essas práticas tenham de ser significativas e pertinentes para os profissionais. A formação contínua em contexto reúne um conjunto de características que potencializa a resolução e promoção do desenvolvimento profissional dos professores e o desenvolvimento da organização da Escola.

Perturbação de hiperactividade e défice de atenção e o desporto

Cabe à Escola promover respostas educativas que eduquem com sucesso todos os alunos, incluindo os com Perturbação de Hiperactividade e Défice de Atenção. Este trabalho centra-se nesta temática e no contributo da actividade física e desportiva nas pessoas com este síndrome. Assim, sabendo que no contexto educativo, os professores são os principais intervenientes no processo de ensino–aprendizagem dos alunos, consideramos pertinente desenvolver um estudo com os docentes de Educação Física a leccionar nas Actividades de Enriquecimento Curricular e os docentes do 1.º Ciclo com variante em Educação Física. Esta investigação tem como principais finalidades verificar se a actividade física e desportiva traz benefícios ao desenvolvimento das crianças com PHDA e procurar conhecer a percepção dos professores, relativamente às estratégias mais adequadas a ter na intervenção com estes alunos. Assim sendo, foi formulado o seguinte problema de investigação: Qual a percepção dos professores (Educação Física das Actividades de Enriquecimento Curricular e Professores do 1º ciclo com variante em Educação Física) relativamente às estratégias mais adequadas na intervenção com alunos do 1º ciclo com Perturbação de Hiperactividade e Défice de Atenção? Foram também definidas duas hipóteses de investigação: 1 – Os professores da amostra apresentam preferência comum por algumas estratégias de intervenção em alunos com Perturbação de Hiperactividade e Défice de Atenção. 2 – Os alunos com Perturbação de Hiperactividade e Défice de Atenção beneficiam mais com a participação em actividades físicas e desportivas quando desenvolvidas com recurso a estratégias específicas. O estudo desenvolvido resulta de uma análise efectuada aos dados recolhidos através de um inquérito por questionário, constituído por perguntas abertas e fechadas. Neste estudo, foi utilizado o método quantitativo no tratamento dos dados resultantes das perguntas fechadas. As perguntas abertas foram submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo. Como análise conclusiva deste trabalho, constatamos que os professores da amostra consideram que o contributo da actividade física e desportiva nos alunos com PHDA é muito importante e que a aplicação de estratégias específicas, que vão ao encontro das áreas de distúrbio do aluno, permite a atenuação/superação das dificuldades. Verificámos também que estes profissionais apresentam preferência comum por um conjunto de estratégias e que, nestes casos, são várias as áreas que beneficiam com a actividade física e desportiva.