Efeito da adubação orgânica na produção de fitomassa e nos compostos bioativos de Passiflora incarnata L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Classification of intact açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and jucara (Euterpe edulis Mart) fruits based on dry matter content by means of near infrared spectroscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phytomass and flavonoid production in different organs and phenological stages of Passiflora alata Dryander

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Henry Radcliffe Sims Papers - Accession 9

The Henry Radcliffe Sims Papers consist primarily of personal and business correspondence and offers a good source of information on the Sims family's varied interests in South Carolina, especially their businesses in Orangeburg, South Carolina. The correspondence generally deals with Henry Sims' brief military career; his presidency at Winthrop; his efforts along with his brothers' help to establish a radio station at Orangeburg; his constant concern in the Sims Publishing Company; his interest in the political and educational welfare of his nephews; his devotion to his family; and his association with various South Carolina legislators. Areas of research would perhaps include, among others, biographical information on Sims and his family; their contributions to South Carolina, especially in the area of publications (ex. Times and Democrat’s historical development). There is also material relating to Sims’ nephew, Hugo Sims Jr., and the latter’s 1946 campaign for a seat in the South Carolina House of Representatives. Correspondents include Olin Johnston, Burnet Rhett Maybank, John T. Riley and Strom Thurmond.

Soil-mediated effects on potential Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) fruit and palm heart sustainable management in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Euterpe edulis is an endangered species due to palm heart overharvesting, the most important non-timber forest product of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and fruit exploitation has been introduced as a low impacting alternative. However, E. edulis is a keystone species for frugivores birds, and even the impact of fruit exploitation needs to be better investigated. Since this species occurs over contrasting habitats, the establishment of site-specific standards and limits for exploitation may also be essential to achieve truly sustainable management. In this context, we sought to investigate how soil chemical composition would potentially affect E. edulis (Arecaceae) palm heart and fruit exploitation considering current standards of management. We studied natural populations found in Restinga Forest and Atlantic Rainforest remnants established within Natural Reserves of Sao Paulo State, SE Brazil, where 10.24 ha permanent plots, composed of a grid of 256 subplots (20 m x 20 m), were located. In each of these subplots, we evaluated soil chemical composition and diameter at breast height of E. edulis individuals. Additionally, we evaluated fruit yield in 2008 and 2009 in 20 individuals per year. The Atlantic Rainforest population had a much higher proportion of larger diameter individuals than the population from the Restinga Forest, as a result of habitat-mediated effects, especially those related to soil. Sodium and potassium concentration in Restinga Forest soils, which have strong negative and positive effect on palm growth, respectively, played a key role in determining those differences. Overall, the number of fruits that could be exploited in the Atlantic Rainforest was four times higher than in Restinga Forest. If current rules for palm heart and fruit harvesting were followed without any restriction to different habitats, Restinga Forest populations are under severe threat, as this study shows that they are not suitable for sustainable management of both fruits and palm heart. Hence, a habitat-specific approach of sustainable management is needed for this species in order to respect the demographic and ecological dynamics of each population to be managed. These findings suggest that any effort to create general management standards of low impacting harvesting may be unsuccessful if the species of interest occur over a wide range of ecosystems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Differential seed germination of a keystone palm (Euterpe edulis) dispersed by avian frugivores

FAPESP (BIOTA Program) [2007/03392-6, 2010/04927-3]

Somatic embryogenesis of a wild passion fruit species Passiflora cincinnata Masters: histocytological and histochemical evidences

The characterization of cellular changes that occur during somatic embryogenesis is essential for understanding the factors involved in the transition of somatic cells into embryogenically competent cells and determination of cells and/or tissues involved. The present study describes the anatomical and ultrastructural events that lead to the formation of somatic embryos in the model system of the wild passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata). Mature zygotic embryos were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog induction media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine. Zygotic embryo explants at different development stages were collected and processed by conventional methods for studies using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histochemical tests were used to examine the mobilization of reserves. The differentiation of the somatic embryos began in the abaxial side of the cotyledon region. Protuberances were formed from the meristematic proliferation of the epidermal and mesophyll cells. These cells had large nuclei, dense cytoplasm with a predominance of mitochondria, and a few reserve compounds. The protuberances extended throughout the abaxial surface of the cotyledons. The ongoing differentiation of peripheral cells of these structures led to the formation of proembryogenic zones, which, in turn, dedifferentiated into somatic embryos of multicellular origin. In the initial stages of embryogenesis, the epidermal and mesophyll cells showed starch grains and less lipids and protein reserves than the starting explant. These results provide detailed information on anatomical and ultrastructural changes involved in the acquisition of embryogenic competence and embryo differentiation that has been lacking so far in Passiflora.

Charakterisierung von plasmafunktionalisierten Oberflächen mittels ToF-SIMS und multivariaten Analysemethoden

Die grundlegenden Prinzipien und Möglichkeiten der Oberflächencharakterisierung mittels ToF-SIMS (Flugzeit-Sekundärionen Massenspektrometrie) werden an ausgewählten Beispielen aus einem aktuell laufenden und vom BMBF geförderten Verbundforschungsprojekt (Fkz: 03N8022A) zum Thema Nanofunktionalisierung von Grenzflächen vorgestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt innerhalb des Projekts stellen die nichtgeschlossenen Schichtsysteme dar, die entweder über Domänenstrukturen oder einer definierten Einzelfunktionalisierung neuartige funktionelle Oberflächen bereitstellen. Mithilfe der sehr oberflächensensitiven ToF-SIMS Methode sowie der Möglichkeit einer graphischen Darstellung lateraler Molekülionenverteilungen auf funktionalisierten Oberflächen können Informationen über Struktur und Belegungsdichte der Funktionsschicht gewonnen werden. Die Kombination des ToF-SIMS Experimentes und eines multivariaten Algorithmus (partial least squares, PLS) liefert eine interessante Möglichkeit zur quantitativen und simultanen Bestimmung von Oberflächeneigenschaften (Element- und molekulare Konzentrationen sowie Kontaktwinkelwerte). Da das ToF-SIMS Spektrum einer plasmafunktionalisierten Oberfläche im Allgemeinen eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fragmentsignale enthält, lässt eine einfache eindimensionale Korrelation (z.B. CF3 - Fragmentintensität ßà CF3-Konzentration) den größten Teil der im Spektrum prinzipiell enthaltenen Information unberücksichtigt. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl von atomaren und molekularen Signalen, die repräsentativ für die chemische Struktur der analysierten Oberflächen sind, ist es sinnvoll, diese Fülle von Informationen zur Quantifizierung der Oberflächeneigenschaften (Elementkonzentrationen, Kontaktwinkel etc.) zu verwenden. Zusätzlich ermöglicht diese Methode eine quantitative Bestimmung der Oberflächeneigenschaften auf nur µm-großen Bereichen. Das ist vorteilhaft für Untersuchungen chemisch strukturierter Oberflächen, da die Größe der Strukturierung für viele Anwendungen in einem Bereich von mehreren µm liegt. Anhand eines Beispieles aus dem biologisch-medizinischen Fachgebiet, soll der erfolgreiche Einsatz multivariater Modelle aufgezeigt werden. In diesem Experiment wurden menschlichen Bindegewebs- (Fibroblasten) und Pankreaszellen auf plasmafunktionalisiserten Oberflächen kultiviert, um die Beeinflussung der Funktionalisierung auf das Zellwachstum zu untersuchen. Die plasmabehandelten Oberflächen wurden durch die Verwendung von TEM-Gittern mit µm-großen Öffnungen chemisch strukturiert und das Wachstumsverhalten der Zellen beobachtet. Jedem dieser µm-großen Bereiche können mithilfe der multivariaten Modelle quantitative Größen zugeordnet werden (Konzentrationen und Kontaktwinkelwerte), die zur Interpretation des Wachstumsverhaltens der Zellen beitragen.

Experimental Determination of Salinity, Temperature, Growth, and Metabolic Effects on Shell Isotope Chemistry of Mytilus edulis Collected from Maine and Greenland

To study the effects of temperature, salinity, and life processes (growth rates, size, metabolic effects, and physiological/ genetic effects) on newly precipitated bivalve carbonate, we quantified shell isotopic chemistry of adult and juvenile animals of the intertidal bivalve Mytilus edulis (Blue mussel) collected alive from western Greenland and the central Gulf of Maine and cultured them under controlled conditions. Data for juvenile and adult M. edulis bivalves cultured in this study, and previously by Wanamaker et al. (2006), yielded statistically identical paleotemperature relationships. On the basis of these experiments we have developed a species-specific paleotemperature equation for the bivalve M. edulis [T degrees C = 16.28 (+/- 0.10) -4.57 (+/- 0.15) {delta(18)O(c) VPBD - delta(18)O(w) VSMOW} + 0.06 (+/- 0.06) {delta(18)O(c) VPBD - delta(18)O(w) VSMOW}(2); r(2) = 0.99; N = 323; p < 0.0001]. Compared to the Kim and O'Neil (1997) inorganic calcite equation, M. edulis deposits its shell in isotope equilibrium (delta(18)O(calcite)) with ambient water. Carbon isotopes (delta(13)C(calcite)) from sampled shells were substantially more negative than predicted values, indicating an uptake of metabolic carbon into shell carbonate, and delta(13)C(calcite) disequilibrium increased with increasing salinity. Sampled shells of M. edulis showed no significant trends in delta(18)O(calcite) based on size, cultured growth rates, or geographic collection location, suggesting that vital effects do not affect delta(18)O(calcite) in M. edulis. The broad modern and paleogeographic distribution of this bivalve, its abundance during the Holocene, and the lack of an intraspecies physiologic isotope effect demonstrated here make it an ideal nearshore paleoceanographic proxy throughout much of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Experimental Determination of Salinity, Temperature, Growth, and Metabolic Effects on Shell Isotope Chemistry of Mytilus Edulis Collected from Maine and Greenland

To study the effects of temperature, salinity, and life processes (growth rates, size, metabolic effects, and physiological/ genetic effects) on newly precipitated bivalve carbonate, we quantified shell isotopic chemistry of adult and juvenile animals of the intertidal bivalve Mytilus edulis (Blue mussel) collected alive from western Greenland and the central Gulf of Maine and cultured them under controlled conditions. Data for juvenile and adult M. edulis bivalves cultured in this study, and previously by Wanamaker et al. (2006), yielded statistically identical paleotemperature relationships. On the basis of these experiments we have developed a species-specific paleotemperature equation for the bivalve M. edulis [T degrees C = 16.28 (+/- 0.10) -4.57 (+/- 0.15) {delta(18)O(c) VPBD - delta(18)O(w) VSMOW} + 0.06 (+/- 0.06) {delta(18)O(c) VPBD - delta(18)O(w) VSMOW}(2); r(2) = 0.99; N = 323; p < 0.0001]. Compared to the Kim and O'Neil (1997) inorganic calcite equation, M. edulis deposits its shell in isotope equilibrium (delta(18)O(calcite)) with ambient water. Carbon isotopes (delta(13)C(calcite)) from sampled shells were substantially more negative than predicted values, indicating an uptake of metabolic carbon into shell carbonate, and delta(13)C(calcite) disequilibrium increased with increasing salinity. Sampled shells of M. edulis showed no significant trends in delta(18)O(calcite) based on size, cultured growth rates, or geographic collection location, suggesting that vital effects do not affect delta(18)O(calcite) in M. edulis. The broad modern and paleogeographic distribution of this bivalve, its abundance during the Holocene, and the lack of an intraspecies physiologic isotope effect demonstrated here make it an ideal nearshore paleoceanographic proxy throughout much of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Are We Sims? How Computer Simulations Represent and What this Means for the Simulation Argument

N. Bostrom’s simulation argument and two additional assumptions imply that we are likely to live in a computer simulation. The argument is based upon the following assumption about the workings of realistic brain simulations: The hardware of a computer on which a brain simulation is run bears a close analogy to the brain itself. To inquire whether this is so, I analyze how computer simulations trace processes in their targets. I describe simulations as fictional, mathematical, pictorial, and material models. Even though the computer hardware does provide a material model of the target, this does not suffice to underwrite the simulation argument because the ways in which parts of the computer hardware interact during simulations do not resemble the ways in which neurons interact in the brain. Further, there are computer simulations of all kinds of systems, and it would be unreasonable to infer that some computers display consciousness just because they simulate brains rather than, say, galaxies.