Anthelmintic effect of plant extracts containing condensed and hydrolyzable tannins on Caenorhabditis elegans, and their antioxidant capacity

Although tannin-rich forages are known to increase protein uptake and to reduce gastrointestinal nematode infections in grazing ruminants, most published research involves forages with condensed tannins (CT), while published literature lacks information on the anthelmintic capacity, nutritional benefits, and antioxidant capacity of alternative forages containing hydrolyzable tannins (HT). We evaluated the anthelmintic activity and the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts containing either mostly CT, mostly HT, or both CT and HT. Extracts were prepared with 70% acetone, lyophilized, redissolved to doses ranging from 1.0mg/mL to 25mg/mL, and tested against adult Caenorhabditis elegans as a test model. The extract concentrations that killed 50% (LC50) or 90% (LC90) of the nematodes in 24h were determined and compared to the veterinary anthelmintic levamisole (8mg/mL). Extracts were quantified for CT by the acid butanol assay, for HT (based on gallic acid and ellagic acid) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total phenolics, and for their antioxidant activity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Extracts with mostly CT were Lespedeza cuneata, Salix X sepulcralis, and Robinia pseudoacacia. Extracts rich in HT were Acer rubrum, Rosa multiflora, and Quercus alba, while Rhus typhina had both HT and CT. The extracts with the lowest LC50 and LC90 concentrations, respectively, in the C. elegans assay were Q. alba (0.75 and 1.06mg/mL), R. typhina collected in 2007 (0.65 and 2.74mg/mL), A. rubrum (1.03 and 5.54mg/mL), and R. multiflora (2.14 and 8.70mg/mL). At the doses of 20 and 25mg/mL, HT-rich, or both CT- and HT-rich, extracts were significantly more lethal to adult C. elegans than extracts containing only CT. All extracts were high in antioxidant capacity, with ORAC values ranging from 1800μmoles to 4651μmoles of trolox equivalents/g, but ORAC did not correlate with anthelmintic activity. The total phenolics test had a positive and highly significant (r=0.826, p≤0.01) correlation with total hydrolyzable tannins. Plants used in this research are naturalized to the Appalachian edaphoclimatic conditions, but occur in temperate climate areas worldwide. They represent a rich, renewable, and unexplored source of tannins and antioxidants for grazing ruminants, whereas conventional CT-rich forages, such as L. cuneata, may be hard to establish and adapt to areas with temperate climate. Due to their high in vitro anthelmintic activity, antioxidant capacity, and their adaptability to non-arable lands, Q. alba, R. typhina, A. rubrum, and R. multiflora have a high potential to improve the health of grazing animals and must have their anthelmintic effects confirmed in vivo in both sheep and goats. © 2012.

Use of different carbon sources in cultivation of baker's yeast for production of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

The physiological state of yeast cells changes during culture growth as a consequence of environmental changes (nutrient limitations, pH and metabolic products). Cultures that grow exponentially are heterogeneous cell populations made up of cells regulated by different metabolic and/or genetic control systems. The strain of baker's yeast selected by plating commercial compressed yeast was used for the production of glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) has been widely used in the enzyme assays with diverse compounds of industrial interest, such as glycerol or glycerol phosphate, as well as a number of important bioanalytical applications. Each cell state determines the level of key enzymes (genetic control), fluxes through metabolic pathways (metabolic control), cell morphology and size. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of environmental conditions and carbon source on GPD production from baker's yeast. Glucose, glycerol, galactose and ethanol were used as carbon sources. Glycerol and ethanol assimilations required agitation, which was dependent on the medium volume in the fermentation flask for the greatest accumulation of intracellular GPD. Enzyme synthesis was also affected by the initial pH of the medium and inoculum size. The fermentation time required for a high level of enzyme formation decreased with the inoculum size. The greatest amount of enzyme (0.45 U/ml) was obtained with an initial pH of 4.5 in the medium containing ethanol or glycerol. The final pH was maintained in YP-ethanol, but in the YP-glycerol the final pH increased to 6.9 during growth.

Fertilizante nitrogenado alternativo na produção de matéria seca, nutrientes da parte aérea e atributos químicos do solo da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Avaliação agronômica de fontes e doses de fósforo para o capim-Tifton 85

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na adubação do capim-mombaça em cerrado de baixa altitude

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Caracterização do mecanismo de ação antiinflamatória do flavonóide BAS1 isolado da planta Brosimum acutifolium

Inflamação é a resposta do organismo a injúria e perigo. Apesar de a inflamação ser um mecanismo de defesa do organismo, a intensidade e/ou a persistência desta resposta pode ser maléfica para o indivíduo. Neste contexto, os produtos naturais, são importantes fontes de moléculas biologicamente ativas, e é considerado, um recurso promissor para a descoberta de novos fármacos. Baseado em estudos etnofarmacológicos, foi isolado da planta Brosimum acutifolium, popularmente conhecida como “Mururé da Terra-Firme” o flavonóide BAS1 (4’-hidroxi,7,8-(2’’,2”-dimetil-pirano)-flavana), ainda não descrito na literatura anteriormente. Diante disso, o presente trabalho caracterizou o mecanismo de ação antiinflamatória do flavonóide BAS1, em macrófagos murinos estimulados. Macrófagos foram ativados com LPS e IFN-γ. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio do MTT, os níveis dos mediadores inflamatórios foram determinados por ELISA (TNF-α, PGE2, IL-10), através da reação de Griess (NO) e a expressão de proteínas por Western blot. Nossos resultados demonstraram que BAS1 apresentou efeito citotóxico apenas para altas concentrações (100 μM), inibiu a produção de NO (95%), inibiu a expressão de NOS-2, reduziu a produção de TNF-α (39%) e PGE2(57%), mas não alterou a produção de IL-10 em macrófagos ativados. Dessa forma, uma importante contribuição deste estudo, foi evidenciar o efeito farmacológico do flavonóide BAS1, bem como, fundamentar o uso da planta Brosimum acutifolium, como antiinflamatória em nossa região. Somado a isso, a produção de extrato desta planta poderia fornecer um antiinflamatório eficaz e com menor custo para a população local. O presente trabalho, também pode contribuir para a determinação de nova classe de agente antiinflamatório, baseado em flavonóides naturais, como BAS1.

Exigências dietárias e disponibilidade de fontes de fósforo para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Doses de fósforo e zinco na cultura do feijão-caupi

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

High-fiber diets with reduced crude protein for commercial layers

This study aimed at evaluating diets containing different fiber sources and two crude protein levels on the performance, egg quality, and nitrogen metabolism of commercial layers. In total, 392 48-wk-old Isa Brown layers were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 3x2+1 (control) factorial arrangement, resulting in seven treatments with seven replicates of eight birds each. Treatments consisted of three fiber feedstuffs (cottonseed hulls, soybean hulls, and rice hulls) and two dietary crude protein levels (12% and 16%). Cottonseed hulls associated with the high crude protein level (16%) resulted in the worst feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs. Diets with 16% crude protein resulted in the highest feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass values, and improved feed conversion ratio (kg eggs/kg feed). The dietary inclusion of soybean hulls determined low yolk pigmentation, and of rice hulls, low egg specific gravity. The 16% crude protein diet with rice hulls promoted the best feed conversion ratio. Hens fed the reference diet presented higher egg mass and better feed conversion ratio per kg eggs and per dozen eggs. Hens fed the diets with low crude protein level (12%) had reduced nitrogen excretion, but presented worse egg production.

Nubbe natural products, source of molecular diversity for the design of new anticancer agents

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Influence of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on the Use of the Most Abundant and Attractive Floral Resources in a Plant Community

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Phyllosphere Bacteria Improve Animal Contribution to Plant Nutrition

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plant iononne diagnosis using sound balances: case study with mango (Mangifera Indica)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Different sources of forage with crude glycerin in diets with higher percentage of concentrate to beef cattle

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Chemical and Fatty acid composition of different cuts cooked or uncooked from yearling bulls fed oil sources

This study evaluated the chemical and lipid composition of uncooked or cooked loin (Longissimus thoracis) and rump (Biceps femoris) in samples of 2.54 cm thick from 35 carcasses of Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot for 96 days and slaughtered at an average weight of 532.17 ± 30.25 kg and 24 months of age. The rump had the lowest level of protein and ash (18.57 and 0.90%, respectively) and the highest level of ether extract compared to loin (3.37 and 1.90%, respectively). Higher levels of cholesterol were found in rump compared to loin (40.91 e 30.93 mg 100 g-1, respectively). The uncooked loin showed lower content of saturated fatty acids and higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The best values for the omega-6: omega-3 ratio was observed in the uncooked beef. In the present study, the loin was healthier due to the higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to rump. Cooking the meat decreases the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3, omega-6 and the omega-6: omega-3 ratio.