Mamès, profèsorn oun kindèr likht. Éducation en petite enfance en CPE. Le cas des femmes hassidiques Belz en services de garde en milieu familial accrédités.

La présente thèse est construite en trois parties. La première partie est précédée du chapitre 1 qui présente les premières données du travail de terrain sur les femmes hassidiques Belz, l’éducation des jeunes enfants et l’histoire de la communauté. La première partie est composée de trois chapitres qui analysent les notions relatives à la petite enfance, notamment sa définition et sa conception à travers l’histoire humaine récente et selon différentes cultures. Le chapitre 2 examine la question de la petite enfance en soi et des conditions qui la définissent. Le chapitre 3 analyse l’institutionnalisation de la petite enfance dans le monde moderne contemporain. Le chapitre 4 analyse l’avènement de la norme scientifique et son impact sur la petite enfance en ce qui a trait à l’éducation et au développement. Ces chapitres analysent notamment l’éducation en petite enfance en CPE (Centres de la petite enfance) au Québec. La deuxième partie de la thèse, composée aussi de trois chapitres, présente les paradigmes scientifiques et les cadres conceptuels dominants en petite enfance. Le chapitre 5 explique l’impact du « néolibéralisme » ou de la modernité avancée en petite enfance. Le chapitre 6 présente le nouveau paradigme du « postfondamentalisme » en petite enfance et le chapitre 7, celui de l’éco-éducation ainsi que la posture de « l’écosophie » en petite enfance. Ce dernier propose une application pédagogique de l’éco-éducation et de l’écosophie en petite enfance. La troisième partie fait état du travail de terrain en anthropologie au sein de la communauté féminine des Hassidim Belz de Montréal, notamment au sein des services de garde en milieux familial accrédités par le ministère de la Famille du Québec. Elle se divise en deux chapitres. Le chapitre 8 analyse l’incident de la Directive contre l’enseignement religieux en services de garde subventionnés. Le chapitre 9 propose les résultats du travail de terrain sur la philosophie de vie et la spiritualité des femmes hassidiques Belz de Montréal. La conclusion générale intègre le paradigme de l’éco-éducation et la posture de « l’écosophie » en petite enfance à la philosophie de vie et la spiritualité des femmes hassidiques Belz de Montréal. Elle propose un « réenchantement » du développement et de l’éducation en petite enfance.

Créer ou produire un jeu vidéo? Étude ethnographique d’un milieu de production vidéoludique montréalais

Le jeu vidéo est un produit qui ne cesse de gagner en popularité alors que les expériences ludiques tendent de plus en plus à se diversifier. Les recherches académiques sur l’objet vidéoludique se sont multipliées dans les dernières années afin de comprendre les particularités du nouveau média, surtout en ce qui concerne l’analyse du produit lui-même et sa réception, mais laissant peu de place à sa créa-tion et sa production. Montréal est un lieu idéal pour étudier le médium : en peu de temps, l’industrie du jeu vidéo est devenue l’un des fleurons industriels québécois. La présente étude s’est intéressée aux développeurs de Montréal, ville où se situe la plus grande partie des studios au Québec, afin de connaître leur perception du produit vidéoludique et de l’industrie. Au travers d’une perspective phénoménologique, un séjour ethno-graphique a été effectué dans un studio de production vidéoludique où plusieurs développeurs ont été observés et interviewés. Ce travail s’inscrit dans une anthropologie du travail et rend compte de la com-plexité qui émerge lorsqu’un travail essentiellement créatif vient se heurter à des motifs de production strictes. Plus encore, il rend compte d’un paradigme opposant directement la création et la production dans un milieu qui se présente comme une avenue prometteuse pour une jeunesse désirant vivre d’un travail créatif. Cette condition est attribuable à la nature du jeu vidéo lui-même qui se situe, selon Kline, Dyer-Witheford et De Peuter (2003), à mi-chemin entre la culture, la technologie et les visées commerciales (marketing). Les développeurs se trouvent donc entre deux eaux : d’un côté ils sont influencés par la culture du jeu, relevant de leurs pratiques, leurs préférences et des commu-nautés de développeurs et, de l’autre côté, par l’industrie qui dicte les façons de faire et viennent selon eux minimiser leur potentiel créatif.

Investigations on Eco-friendly Natural Insecticides

Instead of developing easily degradable, and low-priced insecticides, we are going after highly sophisticated chemicals. Here, an attempt is being made to develop safer formulations of insecticides of botanical origin. Different parts of the plants were chosen based on their use in countryside and villages The dried plant materials were extracted with petroleum ether, and were applied on Tribolium castaneum. The results were statistically analysed. The active principles from Croton tigilium and Leea sambucina, the most potential plants, were isolated using Column Chromatography, TLC, and Hydrolysis. The isolated principles were analysed spectroscopically ( UV-Vis., IR, NMR, and MS ) to identify their chemical nature. The active principles from Leea and Croton were identified as a cholisterate derivative and a phorbol derivative respectively. In order to ascertain the environmental combatibility of the principles, degradation by soil bacteria was studied. The isolated principles were made into three type of formulations using stabilizers .The formulations were applied on Snake gourd semilooper, Pulse beetle, and mosquito larvae. Also the biocidal activity of the formulations was studied. Both Leea derivative and Croton derivative could be formulated effectively and were effective against a variety of pests. They are eco-friendly, as there is no artificial chemicals involved.

Characterization of laccase from Streptomyces psammoticus: an enzyme for eco-friendly treatment of environmental pollutants

The present study has identified an actinomycete culture (S. psammoticus) which was capable of producing all the three major ligninolytic enzymes. The study revealed that least explored mangrove regions are potential sources for the isolation of actinomycetes with novel characteristics. The laccase production by the strain in SmF and SSF was found to be much higher than the reported values. The growth of the organism was favoured by alkaline pH and salinity of the medium. The enzyme also exhibited novel characteristics such as activity and stability at alkaline pH and salt tolerance. These two characters are quite significant from the industrial point of view making the enzyme an ideal candidate for industrial applications. Many of the application studies to date are focused on enzymes from fungal sources. However, the fungal laccases, which are mostly acidic in nature, could not be used universally for all application purposes especially, for the treatment of effluents from different industries, largely due to the alkaline nature of the effluents. Under such situations the enzymes from organisms like S. psammoticus with wide pH range could play a better role than the fungal counterparts. In the present study, the ability of the isolated strain and laccase in the degradation of dyes and phenolic compounds was successfully proved. The reusability of the immobilized enzyme system made the entire treatment process inexpensive. Thus it can be concluded from the present study that the laccase from this organism could be hopefully employed for the eco-friendly treatment of dye or phenol containing industrial effluents from various sources.

Sustainability of Participatory Projects: Study of Productive Sector under Peoples’ Planning in Chempu Village Panchayat of Kottayam District

The study has wider policy implications as it identifies the possible variables which influence the sustainability of participatory productive sector projects. The method which is developed to study the sustainability of projects under People’s Planning in Chempu Panchayat could be used for studying the same in other panchayats also. Unlike the case of the standard features of sustainability identified, the independent variables vary according to the nature of the project. Hence, this needs to be modified accordingly while applying the method in a dissimilar domain. Selection of a single panchayat for the present study is relevant on the basis of a common package of inputs for decentralised planning which is forwarded by the State Planning Board respectively for the three-tier panchayat system in Kerala. The dynamic filed realities could be brought out in view of a comprehensive planning approach through an in depth study of specific cases.The assessment of the nature and pattern of productive sector projects in the selected Village Panchayat puts the projects under close scrutiny. The analysis has depended largely on secondary sources of information, especially from panchayat level plan documents, and also on the primary information obtained using direct observation and on-site inspection of project sites. An analysis of the nature and pattem of productive sector projects is important as it gives all necessary information regarding follow-up, monitoring/evaluation and even termination of a particular project. It has also revealed the tendencies of including infrastructure and service sector projects under ‘productive’ category, especially for maintaining the stipulated ratio (40:30:30) of grant-in-aid distribution. The study regarding the allocation and expenditure pattern of plan funds is vital in policy level as it reveals the under-noticed allocation and expenditure pattern of plan funds other than grant-in-aid. One major limitation of the study has been the limited availability of secondary data, especially regarding project-wise expenditure and monitoring/evaluation reports of various project committees.

Studies on The Eco Biology of The Indian Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Fucata (Gould)

The present work aims to study induced maturation of the pearl oyster for induced spawning experiments. The work on larval development was done with a view to developing techniques for the artificial rearing of commercially important pearl oyster P fucata, and also to elucidate the principles and problems of tropical bivalve larvae in general for detailed investigations in the future. The present study is designed to probe into the details of the basic aspects of the biology related to the hatchery technology of Pinctada fucata and the understanding of the factors which influence induction of maturation, spawning, larval rearing and spat settlement. This would go a long way in the upgradation of hatchery technology of the Indian Pearl oyster Pinctada fucata fora commercial level seed production..

Energy Optimized Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

The evolution of wireless sensor network technology has enabled us to develop advanced systems for real time monitoring. In the present scenario wireless sensor networks are increasingly being used for precision agriculture. The advantages of using wireless sensor networks in agriculture are distributed data collection and monitoring, monitor and control of climate, irrigation and nutrient supply. Hence decreasing the cost of production and increasing the efficiency of production. This paper describes the security issues related to wireless sensor networks and suggests some techniques for achieving system security. This paper also discusses a protocol that can be adopted for increasing the security of the transmitted data

Ga Optimized Srr Calculator

Negative magnetic permeability media (NMPM) can be built up by using small resonant metallic particles like Split ring resonator (SRR) which has very high magnetic polarisability. A group of these particles shows a negative permeability region near and above the resonant frequency. The continuous medium parameters describing the SRR array can be predicted from their individual electromagnetic behavior near the resonances. The paper presents an optimizing software using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to design an edge coupled two ring SRR for a particular frequency

Reinventing the academic conference: how delegates design productive cities

During the 6th International Sustainable Food Planning Conference, the so-called Design LABs partly replaced the regular parallel sessions. The reason for this change was twofold. On the one hand it aims to break through an endless series of parallel presentations, and on the other hand the LAB’s aim was to produce innovative design solutions for increasing the amount of food production in the city. This article describes this experiment to enhance the delivery of urban design concepts, which could substantially produce more food than current models. During the conference each of the parallel sessions half of the time consisted of a design-LAB, in which participants were brought together around a map with the task to design a substantial amount of food productive spaces in the case study site. The results of this experiment were dual: 1. a very committed attitude of delegates to this part of the conference and 2. the design tasks resulted in innovative design results. These results not only emphasise the potential design measures onsite but also pledged for a strong and more intensive connectivity with the city and the landscape around it. This makes it possible to link the supply and use of resources with the typology of the region, hence determining an effective and productive urban agriculture system.

Sequential Optimal Recovery: A Paradigm for Active Learning

In most classical frameworks for learning from examples, it is assumed that examples are randomly drawn and presented to the learner. In this paper, we consider the possibility of a more active learner who is allowed to choose his/her own examples. Our investigations are carried out in a function approximation setting. In particular, using arguments from optimal recovery (Micchelli and Rivlin, 1976), we develop an adaptive sampling strategy (equivalent to adaptive approximation) for arbitrary approximation schemes. We provide a general formulation of the problem and show how it can be regarded as sequential optimal recovery. We demonstrate the application of this general formulation to two special cases of functions on the real line 1) monotonically increasing functions and 2) functions with bounded derivative. An extensive investigation of the sample complexity of approximating these functions is conducted yielding both theoretical and empirical results on test functions. Our theoretical results (stated insPAC-style), along with the simulations demonstrate the superiority of our active scheme over both passive learning as well as classical optimal recovery. The analysis of active function approximation is conducted in a worst-case setting, in contrast with other Bayesian paradigms obtained from optimal design (Mackay, 1992).

Statistical Analysis of Eco-Toxicologic Data of Mammals from a Polluted Area

Several eco-toxicological studies have shown that insectivorous mammals, due to their feeding habits, easily accumulate high amounts of pollutants in relation to other mammal species. To assess the bio-accumulation levels of toxic metals and their in°uence on essential metals, we quantified the concentration of 19 elements (Ca, K, Fe, B, P, S, Na, Al, Zn, Ba, Rb, Sr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Cd, Mo, Cr and Pb) in bones of 105 greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula) from a polluted (Ebro Delta) and a control (Medas Islands) area. Since chemical contents of a bio-indicator are mainly compositional data, conventional statistical analyses currently used in eco-toxicology can give misleading results. Therefore, to improve the interpretation of the data obtained, we used statistical techniques for compositional data analysis to define groups of metals and to evaluate the relationships between them, from an inter-population viewpoint. Hypothesis testing on the adequate balance-coordinates allow us to confirm intuition based hypothesis and some previous results. The main statistical goal was to test equal means of balance-coordinates for the two defined populations. After checking normality, one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney tests were carried out for the inter-group balances

Enhancing MPLS QoS routing algorithms by using the network protection degree paradigm

IP based networks still do not have the required degree of reliability required by new multimedia services, achieving such reliability will be crucial in the success or failure of the new Internet generation. Most of existing schemes for QoS routing do not take into consideration parameters concerning the quality of the protection, such as packet loss or restoration time. In this paper, we define a new paradigm to develop new protection strategies for building reliable MPLS networks, based on what we have called the network protection degree (NPD). This NPD consists of an a priori evaluation, the failure sensibility degree (FSD), which provides the failure probability and an a posteriori evaluation, the failure impact degree (FID), to determine the impact on the network in case of failure. Having mathematical formulated these components, we point out the most relevant components. Experimental results demonstrate the benefits of the utilization of the NPD, when used to enhance some current QoS routing algorithms to offer a certain degree of protection