A A a b c d e f ff g h i k l m ..

Arkit: A8.

Swenske och lappeske ABC book. A A a b c d e f ff g h i k ..

Julkaisutiedot kolofonista.

Detection of enterotoxins produced by B. cereus through PCR analysis of ground and roasted coffee samples in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Coffee is one of the most appreciated drinks in the world. Coffee ground is obtained from the fruit of a small plant that belongs to the genus Coffea. Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora robusta are the two most commercially important species. They are more commonly known as arabica and robusta, respectively. Two-thirds of Coffea arabica plants are grown in South and Central America, and Eastern Africa - the place of origin for this coffee species. Contamination by microorganisms has been a major matter affecting coffee quality in Brazil, mainly due to the harvesting method adopted. Brazilian harvests are based on fruits collected from the ground mixed with those that fall on collection cloths. As the Bacillus cereus bacterium frequently uses the soil as its environmental reservoir, it is easily capable of becoming a contaminant. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination and potential of B. cereus enterotoxin genes encoding the HBL and NHE complexes, which were observed in strains of ground and roasted coffee samples sold in Rio de Janeiro. The PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) results revealed high potential of enterotoxin production in the samples. The method described by Speck (1984) was used for the isolation of contaminants. The investigation of the potential production of enterotoxins through isolates of the microorganism was performed using the B. cereus enterotoxin Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination test-kit (BCET-RPLA, Oxoid), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The potential of enterotoxin production was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for hblA, hblD and hblC genes (encoding hemolysin HBL) and for nheA, nheB and nheC genes (encoding non-hemolytic enterotoxin - NHE). Of all the 17 strains, 100% were positive for at least 1 enterotoxin gene; 52.9% (9/17) were positive for the 3 genes encoding the HBL complex; 35.3% (6/17) were positive for the three NHE encoding genes; and 29.4% (5/17) were positive for all enterotoxic genes.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of agro-industrial waste of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) fruit extracts

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the agro-industrial waste from acerola. Hydroacetone, hydroethanolic, and hydromethanolic extracts were obtained using the sequential extraction process, and they were screened for their free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil) and ABTS•+ (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin 6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity and their effect on the linoleic acid peroxidation by the ferric thiocyanate method. Soybean oil with the addition of the extracts (200 ppm) was submitted to Schaal oven test (60 °C, 28 days), in which the samples were analyzed for peroxide value and conjugated dienes. Hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts exhibited good DPPH scavenging activity (low value of EC50 and TEC50 and high value of AE), good ABTS scavenging capacity (1445.1 and 1145.5 µMol TEAC.g-1, respectively), and high percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid (96.12 and 91.84%, respectively) and showed the ability to retard the formation of peroxides and conjugated dienes.

Inactivation of E. coli and B. subtilis spores in ozonized cassava starch

In the present study, the efficacy of ozone inactivation of B. subtilis spores and E. coli in cassava starch was evaluated. Cassava starch with 18 and 30% moisture content was processed with ozone at concentrations of 40-118 ppm and exposure times of 15-120 minutes. The processing at 113 ppm/120 minutes (maximum exposure level to ozone evaluated) at 18% of moisture content did not cause significant reduction of B. subtilis spores and caused the reduction of only 2 decimal of E. coli. On the other hand, when the ozonation process was carried out for 120 minutes at 30% of moisture content, 3.6 decimal reduction of B. subtilis was achieved at 40 ppm of ozone and total B. subtilis load reduction (>5 log cycles) was observed at 118 ppm of ozone. Similarly, total E. coli load reduction (>7 log cycles) was achieved at 40 ppm of ozone exposure for 60 minutes. Therefore, the results indicate that the ozone efficacy against microorganisms in cassava starch was mainly dependent on the sample moisture content and to ozone concentration and exposure time. Moreover, it was observed that ozone is a promising technology to reduce microbial counts in dried food.

A A a b c d e f ff g h i k l m n o p q r [r] ..

Painopaikka ja painovuosi kolofonista.

Ensimmäiset pookstawit Jumalan sanasta, eli kysymyxet lapsille edespandawat, se on: ne ensimmäiset ja yxikertaisimmat kysymyxet christillisesä opisa, joitten tygö pannut wastauxet lasten ymmärryxeen ja muistohon painettaman pitää, hamasta sijtä, kuin he rupewat puhumaan, nijn ikää myöden sijhen asti, kuin he a.b.c. kirjan ja catechismuxen, sisäldä ja ulkoo lukemaan selkiästi oppineet owat. Edesannetut yxikertaisille; waan erinomattain nijlle awuxi, jotka yhteisen-kansan seasa lapsia kirjaa lukemaan opettawat, kuinga heidän opettamisen siwusa, myös opetus-lastensa ymmärryxet, sijhen kuin he lukewat, johdattaman pitää, sitä oikein ymmärtämään. Daniel Godeniuxelda. Mutta nytt suomalaisille suosioxi, ruotzin kielestä suomen kielexi käätyt ja wälimitten paratut

Arkit: A-B8.

A A a b c d e f ff g h i k l m ..

Arkit: A8.

Swenske och lappeske ABC book. A A a b c d e f ff g h i k ..

Julkaisutiedot kolofonista.

A A a b c d e f ff g h i k l m n o p q r [r] ..

Painopaikka ja painovuosi kolofonista.

A A a b c d e f ff g h i k l m ..

Arkit: A8.

Swenske och lappeske ABC book. A A a b c d e f ff g h i k ..

Julkaisutiedot kolofonista.

Neues A.B.C. und Lese-Buch: zum Gebrauch beim ersten Unterricht im Lesen

Imprimatur: G. Rein.

Ny A. B. C. bok af Joh. Gustaf Eckerberg

Toimittanut Gust. Renvall.

Uusi aapinen: A a b c d ..

Lisäpainokset: [Lisäp.] 1902. - 1904.