Socioeconomic status, parental support, motivation and self-confidence in youth competitive sport

World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012

Individuação e inocência: composições com Simondon e Whitehead

A filosofia viveu um tempo de luminosidade crua em que havia contentamento (pelo menos entre os filósofos dignos de serem estudados) com a postulação das condições de possibilidade que cabiam no horizonte que essa luz podia, então, iluminar. Tudo que escapasse desse horizonte era obscuridade, irracionalidade, mera especulação e, pior de todas as ofensas: metafísica. Mas, alguma filosofia do séc. XX encontrou uma outra distribuição de luminosidade que permitiu um pensamento em claro-escuro, em tonalidades nuançadas em que a nitidez absoluta dos contornos se viu fluidificar, em que as figuras puras e sólidas se mostraram como híbridas, nebulosas derramadas, em que os objetos entraram na história e os homens se misturaram com a natureza, em que os movimentos do mundo e as imagens na consciência saíram da dualidade das qualidades primárias e secundárias e se aventuraram em novas perspectivas (aventuras que ainda atravessam desde a fenomenologia até o cinema). É neste cenário de novas distribuições que reaparece a questão da individuação apontando para uma outra concepção do indivíduo, não mais substancial e suporte de qualidades, não mais ancorado nos pares matéria e forma, atual e potencial. Tais pares se revelam insuficientes por não darem conta das impurezas que vêm à tona e das surpreendentes possibilidades inventadas (simbioses, alianças, infecções) e não somente atualizadas a partir de um potencial (filiação, reprodução). Nesse novo modo de compor, o atributo não mais se remete a um predicado qualidade, mas ao acontecimento, não mais às possibilidades latentes, mas à potência a ser inventada nas composições, nas relações constituintes dos diferentes modos de existência. Simondon foi o primeiro filósofo a levar em conta, de modo específico, o indivíduo se inventando em composição, daí ter renovado a questão da individuação e transformado o estatuto da relação. O ser é relação, tal é, com Simondon, a proposição que passa a figurar no centro do pensamento da individuação. Mas se, por um lado, havia essa promoção da relação, por outro lado, parecia não haver a liberação dos modos que, enfim, remetiam a uma natureza dos possíveis. Mesmo não funcionando como princípio, essa natureza parecia capturar os modos num potencial, de tal maneira que um novo humanismo, tão sufocante quanto qualquer outro, acompanhava toda a produção de Simondon. Não à toa, sua narrativa dos diferentes modos se fecha no encontro de uma unidade capaz de suportar o multirealismo dos híbridos que surgiam por toda parte. As metas, os sentidos do devir que povoam a obra de Simondon não seriam os ecos de uma velha moral da pureza, da luminosidade branca?Para escapar desse rebatimento da aventura dos modos em tipos privilegiados de relação que levavam a restaurar a unidade perdida, era preciso se lançar na inocência do processo das inumeráveis atividades de um tecido sem base, jogo de linhas impuras em cruzamentos inventados a cada momento. Nesse sentido: era o pensamento especulativo, expresso em sua própria escrita em zig-zag, de Whitehead já um antídoto aos possíveis rebatimentos da nova filosofia da individuação num mundo por demais reconhecido? É esse o espírito da composição nesse trabalho: a individuação simondoneana com a insistência em se entregar à aventura inocente dos processos se fazendo que se encontra em Whitehead (e nos muitos aliados que foram convocados para que outras músicas se façam ouvir).

Wastewater-fed aquaculture systems: status and prospects

Issues concerning the promotion of wastewater reuse in aquaculture are re-examined in this article.

Fisheries rehabilitation in post-tsunami Aceh: Status and needs from participatory appraisals

The widespread and long-term nature of the tsunami damage in Aceh province, Indonesia has threatened the continued use of coastal and fisheries resources. This article describes the application of the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Management System (RAFMS) methodology and presents key findings from the participatory appraisals in 15 study sites. The focus is on changes in the number and types of fishing boats and fishing effort, consumption and marketing flow patterns and community perspectives on livelihood options. The level of aid (for new boats), mainly from international organizations, has been unevenly distributed with the number of boats in 13 of 15 villages still being well below the pre-tsunami levels. A focus on supplying small vessels may put increased fishing pressure on the near-shore zone. Consumption data and marketing flows suggest that most fishing villages are supplying outside markets and adding considerably to the wider food security of the province. Despite the tsunami, marine fisheries-related livelihoods are still preferred, although there are indications for the potential expansion of livelihoods into the culture of new species. Alternative resource-based livelihoods need to be tested and refined to fit the needs of the current conditions in Aceh to provide viable options for eliminating hunger and reducing poverty.

Broodstock management status and some suggestions to control negative selection and inbreeding in hatchery stocks in Bangladesh

The freshwater river systems and floodplains of Bangladesh are the breeding grounds for 13 endemic species of carps and barbs and a large number of other fish species, including a number of exotic carps and other species that have been introduced for aquaculture. Since 1967, breeding of endemic and exotic aquaculture species for seed producton through hypophysation techniques has become a common practice. The paper describes the present status of broodstock management, identifies problems, and suggests some guidelines to control negative selection and inbreeding in hatchery stocks in Bangladesh.

Ética para além da moral: os apelos para o reconhecimento na escola

Este trabalho tem como proposta problematizar os atos de transgressões operados no cotidiano escolar sob os preceitos da ética e dos valores morais. Na interseção entre filosofia, psicanálise e educação tecemos nossa reflexão sobre o assunto, deflagrando alguns estudos pertinentes aos discursos conceituais, à questão da constituição dos sujeitos e das regras sociais, bem como de um fazer docente que questione os atos de transgressão no espaço da educação. Tal pesquisa se deve à inquietação provocada pelo contexto da sociedade hodierna, a qual, mergulhada numa grave crise de violência e de valores éticos, reavalia e revalida princípios e conceitos que, nitidamente, diante de uma conjuntura cada vez mais inclinada aos apelos do capital, vem deixando de nortear as relações sociais no decorrer dos anos. Neste contexto, o docente é cada vez mais convocado a desempenhar papéis que outrora pertenciam a outras categorias sociais, principalmente, com o avanço das escolas públicas de tempo integral. Aludimos assim a esta realidade, o desafio de engajar a ação educativa em demandas de eticidade. Aparar as arestas de um objeto de investigação tão amplo não é tarefa simples, portanto, consideraremos alguns recortes da constituição psíquica e social dos sujeitos. Analisando o lugar da ética na relação ensino/aprendizagem, no processo de formação escolar e no fazer docente, trabalhamos com o pressuposto de que a tensão sofrida cotidianamente pela criança e pelo adolescente, de um lado pelo tecido social, família, escola e Estado e do outro, pelo desejo de ser reconhecido nos grupos sociais, podem mesmo acirrar comportamentos inadequados e violentos na escola. Portanto, a postura adotada pelo educador frente aos conflitos internos e externos do aluno poderá, paradoxalmente, facilitar ou mesmo impedir uma dada má ação no seio da escola. Nossa finalidade é promover reflexões possíveis sobre as dimensões da ética nas relações manifestadas principalmente entre o docente e o aluno, acreditando que a existência de um espaço coletivo de discussão poderá contribuir para que ambos encontrem saídas próprias frente aos impasses que a questão ético/moral no âmbito educativo impõe.

Present status of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata (Forskal)) culture in China

The status of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) culture in China and suggestions on how this may become an important sector in the place are presented.

Status and conservation of Reeves shad resources in China

An endangered fish species in China, Reeves shad (Tenualosa reversii), is finding hope of restoration and conservation in aquaculture and induced breeding efforts spearheaded by the Yangtze River Fisheries Management Commission. The history and sensitive traits of the Reeves shad are described featuring the species' life history, population dynamics and management of the Reeves shad resources.

The Status of Eelgrass, Zostera marina, as Bay Scallop Habitat: Consequences for the Fishery in the Western Atlantic

Zostera marina is a member of a widely distributed genus of seagrasses, all commonly called eelgrass. The reported distribution of eelgrass along the east coast of the United States is from Maine to North Carolina. Eelgrass inhabits a variety of coastal habitats, due in part to its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental parameters. Eelgrass meadows provide habitat, nurseries, and feeding grounds for a number of commercially and ecologically important species, including the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. In the early 1930’s, a marine event, termed the “wasting disease,” was responsible for catastrophic declines in eelgrass beds of the coastal waters of North America and Europe, with the virtual elimination of Z. marina meadows in the Atlantic basin. Following eelgrass declines, disastrous losses were documented for bay scallop populations, evidence of the importance of eelgrass in supporting healthy scallop stocks. Today, increased turbidity arising from point and non-point source nutrient loading and sediment runoff are the primary threats to eelgrass along the Atlantic coast and, along with recruitment limitation, are likely reasons for the lack of recovery by eelgrass to pre-1930’s levels. Eelgrass is at a historical low for most of the western Atlantic with uncertain prospects for systematic improvement. However, of all the North American seagrasses, eelgrass has a growth rate and strategy that makes it especially conducive to restoration and several states maintain ongoing mapping, monitoring, and restoration programs to enhance and improve this critical resource. The lack of eelgrass recovery in some areas, coupled with increasing anthropogenic impacts to seagrasses over the last century and heavy fishing pressure on scallops which naturally have erratic annual quantities, all point to a fishery with profound challenges for survival.

The Status of the United States Population of Night Shark, Carcharhinus signatus

Night sharks, Carcharhinus signatus, are an oceanic species generally occurring in outer continental shelf waters in the western North Atlantic Ocean including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Although not targeted, night sharks make up a segment of the shark bycatch in the pelagic longline fishery. Historically, night sharks comprised a significant proportion of the artisanal Cuban shark fishery but today they are rarely caught. Although information from some fisheries has shown a decline in catches of night sharks, it is unclear whether this decline is due to changes in fishing tactics, market, or species identification. Despite the uncertainty in the decline, the night shark is currently listed as a species of concern due to alleged declines in abundance resulting from fishing effort, i.e. overutilization. To assess their relevance to the species of concern list, we collated available information on the night shark to provide an analysis of its status. Night shark landings were likely both over- and under-reported and thus probably did not reflect all commercial and recreational catches, and overall they have limited relevance to the current status of the species. Average size information has not changed considerably since the 1980’s based on information from the pelagic longline fishery when corrected for gear bias. Analysis of biological information indicates night sharks have intrinsic rates of increase (r) about 10% yr–1 and have moderate rebound potential and an intermediate generation time compared to other sharks. An analysis of trends in relative abundance from four data sources gave conflicting results, with one series in decline, two series increasing, and one series relatively flat. Based on the analysis of all currently available information, we believe the night shark does not qualify as a species of concern but should be retained on the prohibited species list as a precautionary approach to management until a more comprehensive stock assessment can be conducted.

Cook Inlet Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas: Status and Overview

Of the five populations of beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, in Alaska, the most isolated is the one in Cook Inlet (Hazard, 1988; Hill and DeMaster, 1998) (Fig. 1). The geographic and genetic segregation of this stock (O’Corry-Crowe et al., 1997), combined with the beluga’s tendency toward site fidelity in summer, makes this population especially vulnerable to impacts from large or persistent harvests.

The Great Whales: History and Status of Six Species Listed as Endangered Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973

In the history of whaling from prehistoric to modern times, the large whales, sometimes called the “great whales,” were hunted most heavily owing in part to their corresponding value in oil, meat, and baleen. Regional populations of North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis glacialis, were already decimated by 1700, and the North Atlantic gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, was hunted to extinction by the early 1700’s (Mitchell and Mead1).

The Status of Queen Conch, Strombus gigas, Research in the Caribbean

Today there are approximately 230 published scientific papers on queen conch, Strombus gigas. Publication on this species began in the 1960's and increased rapidly during the 1980's and 1990's (Fig. 1). The increase in publication after 1980 was associated with three particular areas ofendeavor. First, many articles were published to document the rapid depletion of conch stocks throughout the Caribbean Sea. Second, substantial progress was made in understanding processes related to growth, mortality, and reproduction in queen conch. Third, because of the apparent and widespread decline in conch, several research laboratories, especially in Florida, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and the Turks and Caicos Islands began experiments related to hatchery production of juvenile conch. The primary intent was to replenish wild stocks by releasing hatchery-reared animals. Today, hatchery production has been relatively well perfected, and the increase in numbers of scientific papers related specifically to culture has slowed. A thorough review of the history of conch mariculture was provided by Creswell (1994), and Davis (1994) summarized the details of larval culture technique.