The history and role of long duration stimulation in fMRI.

During the past 20 years, BOLD fMRI has developed towards a central and fundamental tool in neuroscience. It has been shown that the BOLD response provides an indicator of neuronal activity in the brain. Consequently, for an accurate interpretation of findings in BOLD MRI experiments and to draw meaningful conclusions about the temporal evolution of neural events, a deep understanding of the nature of the BOLD contrast has become of essential importance. Since the dynamics of the major direct determinants of the BOLD signal (CBF, CBV and CMRO(2)) range between seconds and minutes, long duration stimulation was an early key strategy needed to study and understand the BOLD characteristics. This paper summarizes and discusses the thoughts and rationales of the long duration stimulation studies.

Recognition and political accommodation: from regionalism to secessionism. The Catalan case

Having lived through a bloody civil war in the 1930s followed by four decades of General Franco’s dictatorship, the Spanish state carried out a transition to a democratic system at the end of the 1970s. The 1978 Constitution was the legal outcome of this transition process. Among other things, it established a territorial model – the so-called “Estado de las Autonomías” (State of Autonomous Communities) – which was designed to satisfy the historical demands for recognition and self-government of, above all, the citizens and institutions of Catalonia and the Basque Country .In recent years support for independence has increased in Catalonia. Different indicators show that pro-independence demands are endorsed by a majority of its citizens, as well as by most of the political parties and organizations that represent its civil society. This is a new phenomenon. Those in favour of independence had been in the minority throughout the 20th century. Nowadays, however, demands of a pro-autonomy and pro-federalist nature, which until recently had been dominant, have gradually lost public support in favour of demands for self-determination and secession. This paper analyses the massive increase in support for secession in Catalonia during the early years of the 21st century. After describing the different theories of secession in plurinational liberal democracies (section 1), we analyse Catalonia’s political evolution over the past decade focusing on the shortcomings with regard to constitutional recognition and accommodation displayed by the Spanish political system. The latter have been exacerbated by the reform process of Catalonia’s Statute of Autonomy (2006) and the subsequent judgement of Spain’s Constitutional Court regarding the aforementioned Statute (2010) (section 2). Finally, we present our conclusions by linking the Catalan case with theories of secession applied to plurinational contexts

Organisational Values as "Attractors of Chaos": An Emerging Cultural Change to Manage Organisational Complexity

Business organisations are excellent representations of what in physics and mathematics are designated "chaotic" systems. Because a culture of innovation will be vital for organisational survival in the 21st century, the present paper proposes that viewing organisations in terms of "complexity theory" may assist leaders in fine-tuning managerial philosophies that provide orderly management emphasizing stability within a culture of organised chaos, for it is on the "boundary of chaos" that the greatest creativity occurs. It is argued that 21st century companies, as chaotic social systems, will no longer be effectively managed by rigid objectives (MBO) nor by instructions (MBI). Their capacity for self-organisation will be derived essentially from how their members accept a shared set of values or principles for action (MBV). Complexity theory deals with systems that show complex structures in time or space, often hiding simple deterministic rules. This theory holds that once these rules are found, it is possible to make effective predictions and even to control the apparent complexity. The state of chaos that self-organises, thanks to the appearance of the "strange attractor", is the ideal basis for creativity and innovation in the company. In this self-organised state of chaos, members are not confined to narrow roles, and gradually develop their capacity for differentiation and relationships, growing continuously toward their maximum potential contribution to the efficiency of the organisation. In this way, values act as organisers or "attractors" of disorder, which in the theory of chaos are equations represented by unusually regular geometric configurations that predict the long-term behaviour of complex systems. In business organisations (as in all kinds of social systems) the starting principles end up as the final principles in the long term. An attractor is a model representation of the behavioral results of a system. The attractor is not a force of attraction or a goal-oriented presence in the system; it simply depicts where the system is headed based on its rules of motion. Thus, in a culture that cultivates or shares values of autonomy, responsibility, independence, innovation, creativity, and proaction, the risk of short-term chaos is mitigated by an overall long-term sense of direction. A more suitable approach to manage the internal and external complexities that organisations are currently confronting is to alter their dominant culture under the principles of MBV.

The politics of contaminated sites management : institutional regime change and actor's mode of participation in the environmental management of the Bonfol Chemical Waste Landfill in Switzerland

By the end of the 1970s, contaminated sites had emerged as one of the most complex and urgent environmental issues affecting industrialized countries. The authors show that small and prosperous Switzerland is no exception to the pervasive problem of sites contamination, the legacy of past practices in waste management having left some 38,000 contaminated sites throughout the country. This book outlines the problem, offering evidence that open and polycentric environmental decision-making that includes civil society actors is valuable. They propose an understanding of environmental management of contaminated sites as a political process in which institutions frame interactions between strategic actors pursuing sometimes conflicting interests. In the opening chapter, the authors describe the influences of politics and the power relationships between actors involved in decision-making in contaminated sites management, which they term a "wicked problem." Chapter Two offers a theoretical framework for understanding institutions and the environmental management of contaminated sites. The next five chapters present a detailed case study on environmental management and contaminated sites in Switzerland, focused on the Bonfol Chemical Landfill. The study and analysis covers the establishment of the landfill under the first generation of environmental regulations, its closure and early remediation efforts, and the gambling on the remediation objectives, methods and funding in the first decade of the 21st Century. The concluding chapter discusses the question of whether the strength of environmental regulations, and the type of interactions between public, private, and civil society actors can explain the environmental choices in contaminated sites management. Drawing lessons from research, the authors debate the value of institutional flexibility for dealing with environmental issues such as contaminated sites.

LSTA Five Year Plan Evaluation Report 2003-2007, 2007

The mission of the State Library of Iowa is to advocate for Iowa libraries and to promote excellence and innovation in library services, in order to provide statewide access to information for all Iowans. Federal support through LSTA funds has been critical to the State Library’s ability to fulfill this mission. Ultimately, the State Library seeks to sustain a state of learners because lifelong learning is essential to individual success and to a democratic society. State Library support empowers Iowa libraries of all types to provide leadership and services to enhance learning in families and communities, to build 21st century skills, to sustain cultural heritage and to increase civic participation.

Organisational values as "attractors of chaos": An emerging cultural change to manage organisational complexity

Business organisations are excellent representations of what in physics and mathematics are designated "chaotic" systems. Because a culture of innovation will be vital for organisational survival in the 21st century, the present paper proposes that viewing organisations in terms of "complexity theory" may assist leaders in fine-tuning managerial philosophies that provide orderly management emphasizing stability within a culture of organised chaos, for it is on the "boundary of chaos" that the greatest creativity occurs. It is argued that 21st century companies, as chaotic social systems, will no longer be effectively managed by rigid objectives (MBO) nor by instructions (MBI). Their capacity for self-organisation will be derived essentially from how their members accept a shared set of values or principles for action (MBV). Complexity theory deals with systems that show complex structures in time or space, often hiding simple deterministic rules. This theory holds that once these rules are found, it is possible to make effective predictions and even to control the apparent complexity. The state of chaos that self-organises, thanks to the appearance of the "strange attractor", is the ideal basis for creativity and innovation in the company. In this self-organised state of chaos, members are not confined to narrow roles, and gradually develop their capacity for differentiation and relationships, growing continuously toward their maximum potential contribution to the efficiency of the organisation. In this way, values act as organisers or "attractors" of disorder, which in the theory of chaos are equations represented by unusually regular geometric configurations that predict the long-term behaviour of complex systems. In business organisations (as in all kinds of social systems) the starting principles end up as the final principles in the long term. An attractor is a model representation of the behavioral results of a system. The attractor is not a force of attraction or a goal-oriented presence in the system; it simply depicts where the system is headed based on its rules of motion. Thus, in a culture that cultivates or shares values of autonomy, responsibility, independence, innovation, creativity, and proaction, the risk of short-term chaos is mitigated by an overall long-term sense of direction. A more suitable approach to manage the internal and external complexities that organisations are currently confronting is to alter their dominant culture under the principles of MBV.

Status of Iowa Women Report, 2006

The Iowa Commission on the Status of Women (ICSW) is a state agency that seeks to assure equality for Iowa women. As an advocacy agency, the Commission works to equalize women's opportunities and to promote full participation by women in the economic, political, and social life of the state. This is the tenth edition of the Status of Iowa Women Report. Many positive changes toward women's full participation in all aspects of society are evident in this edition: more women than ever are getting a post-secondary education and they have made significant inroads into some traditionally male-dominated work domains. Still, much remains to be done. The 2006 report also shows that girls, by and large, are not enrolling in upper-level high-school computer courses, a necessity for the 21st century; women's earnings lag behind men's; and women continue to be raped, beaten, and battered at staggering rates. Much work needs to be done at the community and state levels to address those and other challenges addressed in this publication.

Estudo de caso: o uso da língua portuguesa por jovens provindos de outros países no domínio privado, público e educativo

A afluência de imigrantes a Portugal, nas últimas três décadas transformou radicalmente todo o tecido social português, caracterizando-se hoje pela sua heterogeneidade. Até ao início da década de 90 do século XX, os fluxos migratórios provinham essencialmente dos Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa, com maior incidência de Cabo Verde, Brasil e Angola. É nessa década que se registam movimentos bastante significativos de imigrantes provenientes da Europa Central e Oriental, principalmente da Ucrânia, Rússia, Roménia e Moldávia, assim como da Ásia, destacando-se os naturais da China, Índia, Paquistão e das antigas repúblicas soviéticas. De acordo com a análise apresentada pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística em Dezembro de 2006, residiam de forma legal em Portugal 329 898 cidadãos de nacionalidade estrangeira, sendo as maiores comunidades de Cabo Verde (57 349), Brasil (41 728) e Angola (28 854). A sociedade portuguesa do século XXI, distancia-se cada vez mais do conceito de monolinguismo, tal como se evidencia no Projecto Gulbenkian “Diversidade Linguística na Escola Portuguesa”, que, segundo o estudo feito, onze por cento dos alunos residentes na área da Grande Lisboa nasceram fora de Portugal e têm como línguas maternas cinquenta e oito idiomas. É urgente uma intervenção diferente no que corresponde a esta nova realidade linguística em Portugal e sobretudo no que concerne à integração do “outro”, reconhecendo e respeitando as várias línguas maternas e culturas, como também a sua preservação a fim de possibilitar o desenvolvimento íntegro e harmonioso da identidade. A heterogeneidade da actual sociedade portuguesa impõe um olhar atento para com esta nova realidade no país, sobretudo em muitas das escolas onde a par do uso da língua portuguesa outras línguas são também usadas como forma de comunicação entre os mesmos pares, situação esta perfeitamente desajustada da realidade escolar madeirense Estudo de caso: O uso da Língua Portuguesa por jovens oriundos de outros países nos domínios privado, público e educativo. 10 de inícios da década de 90 do século XX, à excepção dos alunos provenientes da Venezuela, os denominados luso-descendentes. A escola mudara, tudo se alterara, havia que tentar perceber o que estava a ocorrer, um novo Mundo “invadira” as turmas, prontas a aprender, a saber, a descobrir. Era preciso preencher o silêncio expectante. Aprender uma nova língua, a portuguesa, decorrente da obrigatoriedade implícita de tratar-se da língua oficial, obrigava a repensar o ensino, a continuamente desvendar novos caminhos possibilitadores de encontro entre a língua materna e a segunda, de reencontro com a identidade linguística e cultural que não se quer perdidas, só tornado possível na diferença. A par de uma escola que se apresentava de forma diferente, cuja intervenção teria de ser oposta à de então, uma vez que a aprendizagem do português era feita como língua segunda (L2), muitas foram e são as inquietações, um turbilhão de interrogações decorriam deste contacto constante de uma língua que se diz minha, fonte de partilha com outros jovens. O uso da língua portuguesa confinar-se-á unicamente à escola com os professores e colegas ou despoletará curiosidades, vontades, interesses, motivados por objectivos confinados ao percurso e à história humana? Muitas são as interrogações que ocorrem, muitos são também os momentos de sabedoria mútua de línguas e países a desvendar num contínuo ininterrupto e é essa constante procura que determina a busca de respostas. Entre muitas interrogações uma afigurava-se de forma latente, quiçá fonte de resposta para outras interrogações inerentes à língua portuguesa como língua segunda. A sua utilização por parte dos alunos de outras nacionalidades nos domínios privado, público e educativo engloba domínios diversos capazes de informar acerca do uso dessa mesma língua. Importa no entanto reforçar que estes alunos constituem um grupo heterogéneo sob diversos pontos de vista: etário, linguístico e cultural. Do ponto de vista linguístico a população que tem o português como língua segunda abrange alunos falantes de diferentes línguas maternas, umas mais próximas, outras mais afastadas do português, propiciando diferentes graus de transferência de conhecimentos linguísticos e de experiências comunicativas, como também em diferentes estádios de aquisição e que fora da escola o usam em maior ou menor número de contextos e com um grau de frequência desigual. Estudo de caso: O uso da Língua Portuguesa por jovens oriundos de outros países nos domínios privado, público e educativo. 11 Dispõem também de diferentes capacidades individuais para discriminar, segmentar e produzir sequências linguísticas. Já do ponto de vista cultural apresentam diferentes hábitos de aprendizagem, bem como diferentes representações e expectativas face à escola. Todos estes factores determinarão ritmos de progressão distintos no que respeita à aprendizagem do português como língua segunda. As oportunidades de aprendizagem e de uso que cada indivíduo tem ao longo da vida, determinantes no processo de aquisição, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem de uma língua, variam bastante de indivíduo para indivíduo. Os alunos podem viver num mesmo contexto no entanto razões variadíssimas determinarão diferentes oportunidades de aprendizagem e de uso. Viver-se num contexto de imersão não é suficiente para que todos tenham o mesmo grau de exposição a material linguístico rico e variado da L2. Essas oportunidades também se relacionam com a distância linguística entre língua primeira (L1) e a língua segunda, quanto mais afastadas são as duas línguas mais os falantes da L2 se refugiam na sua língua materna, assim como também se associam aos hábitos culturais da comunidade e da família.

The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.

Aims: To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU. Method: Stepwise multi-method approach, consisting of systematic literature reviews, reanalyses of existing data sets, national surveys and expert consultations. Studies and data from all member states of the European Union (EU-27) plus Switzerland, Iceland and Norway were included. Supplementary information about neurological disorders is provided, although methodological constraints prohibited the derivation of overall prevalence estimates for mental and neurological disorders. Disease burden was measured by disability adjusted life years (DALY). Results: Prevalence: It is estimated that each year 38.2% of the EU population suffers from a mental disorder. Adjusted for age and comorbidity, this corresponds to 164.8 million persons affected. Compared to 2005 (27.4%) this higher estimate is entirely due to the inclusion of 14 new disorders also covering childhood/adolescence as well as the elderly. The estimated higher number of persons affected (2011: 165 m vs. 2005: 82 m) is due to coverage of childhood and old age populations, new disorders and of new EU membership states. The most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders (14.0%), insomnia (7.0%), major depression (6.9%), somatoform (6.3%), alcohol and drug dependence (>4%), ADHD (5%) in the young, and dementia (1-30%, depending on age). Except for substance use disorders and mental retardation, there were no substantial cultural or country variations. Although many sources, including national health insurance programs, reveal increases in sick leave, early retirement and treatment rates due to mental disorders, rates in the community have not increased with a few exceptions (i.e. dementia). There were also no consistent indications of improvements with regard to low treatment rates, delayed treatment provision and grossly inadequate treatment. Disability: Disorders of the brain and mental disorders in particular, contribute 26.6% of the total all cause burden, thus a greater proportion as compared to other regions of the world. The rank order of the most disabling diseases differs markedly by gender and age group; overall, the four most disabling single conditions were: depression, dementias, alcohol use disorders and stroke. Conclusion: In every year over a third of the total EU population suffers from mental disorders. The true size of "disorders of the brain" including neurological disorders is even considerably larger. Disorders of the brain are the largest contributor to the all cause morbidity burden as measured by DALY in the EU. No indications for increasing overall rates of mental disorders were found nor of improved care and treatment since 2005; less than one third of all cases receive any treatment, suggesting a considerable level of unmet needs. We conclude that the true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past.Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research in order to identify better strategies for improved prevention and treatment for isorders of the brain as the core health challenge of the 21st century. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Estudo de caso : o uso da língua portuguesa por jovens provindos de outros países no domínio privado, público e educativo

A afluência de imigrantes a Portugal, nas últimas três décadas transformou radicalmente todo o tecido social português, caracterizando-se hoje pela sua heterogeneidade. Até ao início da década de 90 do século XX, os fluxos migratórios provinham essencialmente dos Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa, com maior incidência de Cabo Verde, Brasil e Angola. É nessa década que se registam movimentos bastante significativos de imigrantes provenientes da Europa Central e Oriental, principalmente da Ucrânia, Rússia, Roménia e Moldávia, assim como da Ásia, destacando-se os naturais da China, Índia, Paquistão e das antigas repúblicas soviéticas. De acordo com a análise apresentada pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística em Dezembro de 2006, residiam de forma legal em Portugal 329 898 cidadãos de nacionalidade estrangeira, sendo as maiores comunidades de Cabo Verde (57 349), Brasil (41 728) e Angola (28 854). A sociedade portuguesa do século XXI, distancia-se cada vez mais do conceito de monolinguismo, tal como se evidencia no Projecto Gulbenkian “Diversidade Linguística na Escola Portuguesa”, que, segundo o estudo feito, onze por cento dos alunos residentes na área da Grande Lisboa nasceram fora de Portugal e têm como línguas maternas cinquenta e oito idiomas. É urgente uma intervenção diferente no que corresponde a esta nova realidade linguística em Portugal e sobretudo no que concerne à integração do “outro”, reconhecendo e respeitando as várias línguas maternas e culturas, como também a sua preservação a fim de possibilitar o desenvolvimento íntegro e harmonioso da identidade. A heterogeneidade da actual sociedade portuguesa impõe um olhar atento para com esta nova realidade no país, sobretudo em muitas das escolas onde a par do uso da língua portuguesa outras línguas são também usadas como forma de comunicação entre os mesmos pares, situação esta perfeitamente desajustada da realidade escolar madeirense Estudo de caso: O uso da Língua Portuguesa por jovens oriundos de outros países nos domínios privado, público e educativo. 10 de inícios da década de 90 do século XX, à excepção dos alunos provenientes da Venezuela, os denominados luso-descendentes. A escola mudara, tudo se alterara, havia que tentar perceber o que estava a ocorrer, um novo Mundo “invadira” as turmas, prontas a aprender, a saber, a descobrir. Era preciso preencher o silêncio expectante. Aprender uma nova língua, a portuguesa, decorrente da obrigatoriedade implícita de tratar-se da língua oficial, obrigava a repensar o ensino, a continuamente desvendar novos caminhos possibilitadores de encontro entre a língua materna e a segunda, de reencontro com a identidade linguística e cultural que não se quer perdidas, só tornado possível na diferença. A par de uma escola que se apresentava de forma diferente, cuja intervenção teria de ser oposta à de então, uma vez que a aprendizagem do português era feita como língua segunda (L2), muitas foram e são as inquietações, um turbilhão de interrogações decorriam deste contacto constante de uma língua que se diz minha, fonte de partilha com outros jovens. O uso da língua portuguesa confinar-se-á unicamente à escola com os professores e colegas ou despoletará curiosidades, vontades, interesses, motivados por objectivos confinados ao percurso e à história humana? Muitas são as interrogações que ocorrem, muitos são também os momentos de sabedoria mútua de línguas e países a desvendar num contínuo ininterrupto e é essa constante procura que determina a busca de respostas. Entre muitas interrogações uma afigurava-se de forma latente, quiçá fonte de resposta para outras interrogações inerentes à língua portuguesa como língua segunda. A sua utilização por parte dos alunos de outras nacionalidades nos domínios privado, público e educativo engloba domínios diversos capazes de informar acerca do uso dessa mesma língua. Importa no entanto reforçar que estes alunos constituem um grupo heterogéneo sob diversos pontos de vista: etário, linguístico e cultural. Do ponto de vista linguístico a população que tem o português como língua segunda abrange alunos falantes de diferentes línguas maternas, umas mais próximas, outras mais afastadas do português, propiciando diferentes graus de transferência de conhecimentos linguísticos e de experiências comunicativas, como também em diferentes estádios de aquisição e que fora da escola o usam em maior ou menor número de contextos e com um grau de frequência desigual. Estudo de caso: O uso da Língua Portuguesa por jovens oriundos de outros países nos domínios privado, público e educativo. 11 Dispõem também de diferentes capacidades individuais para discriminar, segmentar e produzir sequências linguísticas. Já do ponto de vista cultural apresentam diferentes hábitos de aprendizagem, bem como diferentes representações e expectativas face à escola. Todos estes factores determinarão ritmos de progressão distintos no que respeita à aprendizagem do português como língua segunda. As oportunidades de aprendizagem e de uso que cada indivíduo tem ao longo da vida, determinantes no processo de aquisição, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem de uma língua, variam bastante de indivíduo para indivíduo. Os alunos podem viver num mesmo contexto no entanto razões variadíssimas determinarão diferentes oportunidades de aprendizagem e de uso. Viver-se num contexto de imersão não é suficiente para que todos tenham o mesmo grau de exposição a material linguístico rico e variado da L2. Essas oportunidades também se relacionam com a distância linguística entre língua primeira (L1) e a língua segunda, quanto mais afastadas são as duas línguas mais os falantes da L2 se refugiam na sua língua materna, assim como também se associam aos hábitos culturais da comunidade e da família.

3D seismic facies characterization and geological patterns recognition (Australian North West Shelf)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This PhD research, funded by the Swiss Sciences Foundation, is principally devoted to enhance the recognition, the visualisation and the characterization of geobodies through innovative 3D seismic approaches. A series of case studies from the Australian North West Shelf ensures the development of reproducible integrated 3D workflows and gives new insight into local and regional stratigraphic as well as structural issues. This project was initiated in year 2000 at the Geology and Palaeontology Institute of the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Several collaborations ensured the improvement of technical approaches as well as the assessment of geological models. - Investigations into the Timor Sea structural style were carried out at the Tectonics Special Research Centre of the University of Western Australia and in collaboration with Woodside Energy in Perth. - Seismic analysis and attributes classification approach were initiated with Schlumberger Oilfield Australia in Perth; assessments and enhancements of the integrated seismic approaches benefited from collaborations with scientists from Schlumberger Stavanger Research (Norway). Adapting and refining from "linear" exploration techniques, a conceptual "helical" 3D seismic approach has been developed. In order to investigate specific geological issues this approach, integrating seismic attributes and visualisation tools, has been refined and adjusted leading to the development of two specific workflows: - A stratigraphic workflow focused on the recognition of geobodies and the characterization of depositional systems. Additionally, it can support the modelling of the subsidence and incidentally the constraint of the hydrocarbon maturity of a given area. - A structural workflow used to quickly and accurately define major and secondary fault systems. The integration of the 3D structural interpretation results ensures the analysis of the fault networks kinematics which can affect hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms. The application of these integrated workflows brings new insight into two complex settings on the Australian North West Shelf and ensures the definition of astonishing stratigraphic and structural outcomes. The stratigraphic workflow ensures the 3D characterization of the Late Palaeozoic glacial depositional system on the Mermaid Nose (Dampier Subbasin, Northern Carnarvon Basin) that presents similarities with the glacial facies along the Neotethys margin up to Oman (chapter 3.1). A subsidence model reveals the Phanerozoic geodynamic evolution of this area (chapter 3.2) and emphasizes two distinct mode of regional extension for the Palaeozoic (Neotethys opening) and Mesozoic (abyssal plains opening). The structural workflow is used for the definition of the structural evolution of the Laminaria High area (Bonaparte Basin). Following a regional structural characterization of the Timor Sea (chapter 4.1), a thorough analysis of the Mesozoic fault architecture reveals a local rotation of the stress field and the development of reverse structures (flower structures) in extensional setting, that form potential hydrocarbon traps (chapter 4.2). The definition of the complex Neogene structural architecture associated with the fault kinematic analysis and a plate flexure model (chapter 4.3) suggest that the Miocene to Pleistocene reactivation phases recorded at the Laminaria High most probably result from the oblique normal reactivation of the underlying Mesozoic fault planes. This episode is associated with the deformation of the subducting Australian plate. Based on these results three papers were published in international journals and two additional publications will be submitted. Additionally this research led to several communications in international conferences. Although the different workflows presented in this research have been primarily developed and used for the analysis of specific stratigraphic and structural geobodies on the Australian North West Shelf, similar integrated 3D seismic approaches will have applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production phases; for instance increasing the recognition of potential source rocks, secondary migration pathways, additional traps or reservoir breaching mechanisms. The new elements brought by this research further highlight that 3D seismic data contains a tremendous amount of hidden geological information waiting to be revealed and that will undoubtedly bring new insight into depositional systems, structural evolution and geohistory of the areas reputed being explored and constrained and other yet to be constrained. The further development of 3D texture attributes highlighting specific features of the seismic signal, the integration of quantitative analysis for stratigraphic and structural processes, the automation of the interpretation workflow as well as the formal definition of "seismo-morphologic" characteristics of a wide range of geobodies from various environments would represent challenging examples of continuation of this present research. The 21st century will most probably represent a transition period between fossil and other alternative energies. The next generation of seismic interpreters prospecting for hydrocarbon will undoubtedly face new challenges mostly due to the shortage of obvious and easy targets. They will probably have to keep on integrating techniques and geological processes in order to further capitalise the seismic data for new potentials definition. Imagination and creativity will most certainly be among the most important quality required from such geoscientists.

Prevention of age-associated dementia.

The advancement of medical sciences during the last century has resulted in a considerable increase in life expectancy. As more people live to old age, one of the most fundamental questions of the 21st century is whether the number of individuals suffering from dementia will also continue to increase. Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for the majority of cases of dementia in the elderly, but there is currently no curative treatment available. Several strategies have been introduced for treatment, the most recent strategy of which was the immunization of patients using antibodies against Abeta, which is a naturally occurring, even though misfolded peptide in the AD brain. Both active and passive immunization routes have been shown to reduce the pathology associated with Abeta accumulation in brains of genetically designed animal models. However, despite tremendous efforts, no unequivocal proof of therapeutic efficacy could be shown in AD patients. Particularly, the persistence of the neurofibrillary tangles in immunized brains and the issue of inducing cerebral amyloid angiopathy are major limiting factors of antibody therapy. Furthermore, physical activity, a healthy immune system and nutritional habits are suggested to protect against the onset of age-associated dementia. Thus, accumulative evidence suggests that an early integrated strategy, combining pharmacological, immunological, nutritional and life-style factors, is the most pragmatic approach to delay the onset and progression of age-associated dementia.

Managing by values in the next milenium: Cultural redesign for strategic organizational change

The system of beliefs and values, that shaped the model for management and organizations during the 20th century, is just not good enough today. In order to keep a business functioning well and competing successfully in markets that are increasingly more global, complex, professionally demanding, constantly changing and oriented towards quality and customer satisfaction a new model is needed. In this paper, we will propose that both Management by Instructions (MBI) and Management by Objectives (MBO) today give notoriously inadequate results. By contrast, description of a new approach labeled: Management by Values (MBV), seem to be emerging as a strategic leadership tool. The paper outlines this approach and discusses the implementation of MBV as a tool to redesign culture in organizations and prepare them for the next millenium.