Efeitos indiretos das aranhas Peucetia spp. (Oxyopidae) e Misumenops argenteus (Thomisidae) no sucesso reprodutivo de Trichogoniopsis adenantha (DC) (Asteraceae) e no comportamento das guildas associadas à planta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação dos efeitos de aloe-emodin em células uroteliais imortalizadas e neoplásicas cultivadas in vitro

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), popularly known in Brazil as babosa, has a long history of use as medicinal plant for different therapeutic purposes. The components of the plant extract are present in various products of human use, mainly for nutritional and cosmetics purposes. However, some studies suggest that this extract might also have carcinogenic activity. The aloe vera extract is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds. The study of isolated compounds may contribute to elucidate contradictory results about the effects related to the consumption of the plant, as well as their mechanisms of action. One of the most important compound from Aloe vera is aloe-emodin, which is a secondary metabolite generated in the intestinal tract. Putative antimicrobial and antitumor effects were previously attributed to aloe-emodin. Although the exposure of urothelial cells to aloe-emodin was already reported in the literature, only one study showed its effects on urothelial cells, suggesting that aloe-emodin inhibits the viability of T24 cancer cells due to apoptosis induction. Since there is no sufficient information about the effects of aloe-emodin on urothelial cells, and low efficiency in the treatment of bladder cancer currently, the present study aims to evaluate the hypothesis that the treatment with aloe-emodin could impact the behavior of other urothelial cell lines in vitro. Therefore, the in vitro IC50 exposure of aloe-emodin to human immortalized neoplastic urothelial cells will be determinated in order to verify possible differences in the behavior of urothelial cells in vitro treated with aloe-emodin in comparison with untreated cells. Furthermore, differences between cell lines will be also evaluated

Uso de rastreadores de eventos adversos a medicamentos para farmacovigilância no âmbito hospitalar

Eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAM) ainda são uma das principais limitações nos serviços de cuidados com a saúde, causando risco aos pacientes, além de grande impacto econômico. Assim, fazem-se necessários métodos de identificação de eventos adversos mais eficazes que a tradicional notificação espontânea, a qual revela apenas 5% do total de eventos. A utilização de critérios rastreadores (ou trigger tools), elaborados pelo Institute for Healthcare Improvement, tem se mostrado como a alternativa mais válida e eficiente para a triagem dos EAM. Com o objetivo principal de identificar os principais eventos adversos e medicamentos envolvidos, uma seleção de três critérios rastreadores foi utilizada, a saber: INR (razão normalizada internacional) > 6, WBC (contagem de leucócitos) < 3000/mm³ ou registros de episódios de sedação excessiva, letargia ou queda. Informações sobre os rastreadores foram coletadas e analisadas a partir dos prontuários de pacientes internados no Hospital Estadual Américo Brasiliense internados, de novembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012 e maio a julho de 2012, a fim de se confirmar a ocorrência de evento adverso. Foram analisados prontuários referentes a 3318 hospitalizações, nas quais foram detectados 69 eventos adversos, 49 dos quais foram causados por apenas quatro das 12 classes de medicamentos envolvidos em algum EAM: anticoagulantes orais, relacionados ao rastreador INR>6 (eficácia = 0,75), sedativos e antipsicóticos, relacionados ao rastreador de sedação excessiva, letargia ou queda (eficácia = 0,52), e antivirais, relacionados ao rastreador WBC<3000 (eficácia = 0,48). Quando os rastreadores eram acionados e não estavam relacionados a EAM, os fatores de confusão mais recorrentes foram: torpor secundário ao quadro clínico, acidentes não relacionados ao medicamento e pacientes propositalmente em regime de sedação. Apesar de valores-limite menos radicais poderem aumentar a ...

Efeitos da dimerização na estrutura e atividade biológica dos peptídeos antimicrobianos Aureína 1.2 e Magainina 2

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Efeitos do aparelho de Herbst no tratamento proecoce da má oclusão classe II de Angle

Due to its high prevalence in general population, Angle Class II malocclusion has been widely studied by several authors, as well as the methods for its treatment. Among the possible treatment methods stands out the Herbst appliance. Reintroduced more than three decades ago in the orthodontics community, it became the most utilized appliance because it does not require patient compliance, and provides continued action through bilateral telescopic tubes. The objective of the present article was to demonstrate the early treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with mandibular retrusion using Herbst appliance.

A educação para os 'meios e os fins': a informação, o conhecimento e a comunicação na educação escolar básica e universitária

This research has as its main reference, the need to detect the development initiatives by public higher education, concepts, methods and teaching and pedagogical tools and to investigate the ability to transfer knowledge and practices of teaching and learning produced for other levels education. The task of providing appropriate training of teachers of basic education to university education is a vital political and administrative demands for a large country, which needs to adequately educate its people, so he can face in the right conditions, the huge and complex demands of regional and national development. The research presented here, aims to gauge the extent and adequacy of current media and information as tools for teaching and pedagogical transfer the knowledge and practices of teaching and learning as a tool for updating and also for training or non-presence blended Primary School Teacher Education. From the established goals will be carried out research, conceptual and field, to analyze and evaluate some educational practices and resulting forms of communication and also to assess the effects brought about by replacing the linear communication model and the model of unilateral to multilateral communication networks on digital models, and practices of schooling. The results obtained from both theoretical and practical will be on the selection of concepts, content production, methodologies and resources run by different "means" integrated with the cultural, economic and social development, both locally, regionally or nationally. The strategic aim will be to expand from the analysis, production and dissemination of concepts, methods and tools made by teachers of Basic Education and Higher Education, teaching and pedagogical possibilities of media and digital devices that are emerging as the derivation of network communication.

Ultrassonografia modo B de alta resolução modo Doppler e uso de contraste de microbolhas na avaliação testicular de gatos domésticos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Efeitos das cepas probioticas de Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 1465 e ATCC 7469 sobre o crescimento planctonico e formação de biofilme de Streptococcus mutans UA 159

Pós-graduação em Biopatologia Bucal - ICT

O efeito protetor do bicarbonato de sódio na nefropatia induzida por contraste radiológico em ratos

Contrastes radiológicos iodados – CI são causa de lesão renal aguda – LRA. Avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do bicarbonato de sódio (Bic) sobre a função renal (clearance de creatinina, Jaff é, Clcr-ml/min/100g) e o perfi l oxidativo (excreção de peróxidos, PU e de malondealdeído urinários, FOX-2 e TBARs, nmol/mgCr ) em ratos com CI. Ratos machos adultos Wistar, 250-300g, tratados 1x/dia, por 5 dias, foram divididos nos grupos: Salina (solução salina 0,9%, 3ml/kg/dia, intraperitoneal-i.p.); CI (ioxitalamato de meglumina e sódio, 3ml/kg, i.p); Bic+Salina (Bic 3ml/kg, i.p, 1 hora antes e 1 hora depois da Salina); Bic+CI (Bic 3ml/ kg, i.p, 1 hora antes e 1 hora depois do CI). CI induziu LRA e o Bic confi rmou seu efeito renoprotetor antioxidante (Clcr/TBARs/PU Salina: 0,59±0,03/0,11±0,02/1,29±0,24 vs Bic+Salina 0,58±0,03/0,13±0,02/1,32±0,64 vs CI 0,22±0,02A/0,19±0,02A/4,77±0, 24A vs Bic+CI 0,51±0,04B/0,13±0,3B/1,80± 0,04B, A/B p<0,05). O Bic confi rmou efeito protetor na LRA por CI, podendo ser considerado como possibilidade terapêutica para pacientes submetidos a CI.

Efeitos da mecanização agrícola da cultura da cana-de-açúcar nos processos erosivos: dimensionamento de terraços com base na Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (EUPS)

A cultura da cana-de-açúcar é a segunda maior movimentação econômica na cadeia do agronegócio no Brasil. Gera riquezas através da fabricação de açúcar, etanol e cogeração de energia elétrica, além de outros subprodutos. Considerada fonte de energia renovável, a cana-de- açúcar a princípio tinha sua imagem associada a impactos negativos principalmente devido as queimadas realizadas nas lavouras para colheita manual. Nos últimos anos, baseado em decretos e no Protocolo Agro-ambiental, essa prática vem sendo abolida. Para se manter e até mesmo aumentar o rendimento das colhedoras nos canaviais, os gestores têm adotado práticas para reduzir os terraços agrícolas, com impacto nos sistemas de conservação de solos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os impactos ambientais provocados pela mecanização agrícola decorrente do mau manejo e dimensionamento dos mecanismos de conservação do solo. Neste estudo também se realizou uma análise à Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (EUPS), como ferramenta para o dimensionamento de terraços agrícolas. O estudo foi realizado em uma microbacia hidrográfica, denominada Ribeirão da Bocaina, localizada na UGRHI-13 (Tietê - Jacaré). Foi possível identificar a variabilidade amostral do solo para o dimensionamento conservacionista, gerando curvas de nível com Desníveis Verticais (D.V) desuniformes, contrariando a sistemática atual de terraços que respeita cotas múltiplas ou mesmo dimensionamentos empiristas, segundo o conhecimento local e o histórico recente da área. Algumas sugestões também foram feitas afim de torná-la uma ferramenta ainda mais eficiente, considerando condições particulares à cultura da cana-de-açúcar, tais como a influência da palhada, sulcos de plantio e diversos tipos de terraços como meios de controle à erosão. A metodologia foi satisfatória, no que tange a compreensão pelos meios de correlação entre as práticas conservacionistas e modelos de predição de perda de solo, trazendo luz à ciência na interpretação das ferramentas existentes e as lacunas a serem preenchidas.

Avaliação na linhagem endotelial tEnd dos efeitos diretos da transferência gênica de IFNbeta e p19arf e efeitos parácrinos mediados pela linhagem B16 transduzida pelos mesmos vetores adenovirais

A vascularização tem um papel central na progressão tumoral e representa um alvo terapêutico de grande interesse. A inibição da angiogênese tem potencial de retardar a progressão tumoral e inibir metástase. Em decorrência disto, terapias anti-angiogênicas têm demonstrado ser promissora no controle do crescimento tumoral. Segundo a literatura, interferon-? (IFN?, ativador do sistema imune inato e adaptativo) e p19Arf (supressor de tumor e parceiro funcional de p53), quando estudados individualmente, alteram a vasculatura tumoral. Nosso grupo construiu e utilizou vetores adenovirais recombinantes portadores dos cDNAs de INFbeta e p19Arf e observou que a transferência desta combinação de genes induziu morte celular e diminuiu progressão tumoral, resultados foram observados em modelos murinos de melanoma B16 de terapia genica in situ, vacina profilática e vacina terapêutica. Neste trabalho, exploramos a ideia que a combinação dos vetores adenovirais portadores de INFbeta e p19Arf proporcionam efeitos anti-angiogênicos através de seu impacto em células endoteliais. Para averiguarmos essa hipótese, células endoteliais murinas (tEnd) foram transduzidas com os vetores adenovirais, revelando que o vetor Ad-p19 confere inibição da proliferação, formação de tubos, migração e induz aumento na expressão de genes relacionados a via de p53 e morte celular. O vetor Ad-IFNbeta sozinho ou adicionado em combinação com Ad-p19, não teve impacto significante nestes ensaios. Alternativamente, a influencia indireta, ou parácrina, nas células tEnd cultivadas juntamente com as células B16 transduzidas com os vetores adenovirais também foi investigada. Quando as células B16 foram transduzidas com Ad-IFNbeta ou a co-transdução Ad-IFNbeta+Ad-p19 em co-cultura com a linhagem tEnd, houve inibição da proliferação. Não observamos efeito inibitório na tEnd da co-cultura quando as células da B16 foram transduzidas somente com Ad-p19. Seguindo o ensaio de co-cultura, produzimos meio condicionado da B16 transduzida com os vetores e aplicamos esses meios nas células tEnd. Observamos que Ad-IFN, sozinho ou em combinação com Ad-19, diminuiu a viabilidade, proliferação e levou a morte das células tEnd. Neste trabalho, constamos que inibição de células endoteliais pode ser realizada por transdução direta com Ad-19 ou quando estas células são expostas ao ambiente modulado por células tumorais transduzidas com o vetor Ad-IFNbeta. Mesmo que a transferência gênica de ambos IFNbeta e p19Arf não demonstrou ser uma abordagem superior à aplicação dos genes isolados, observamos que nossa abordagem pode ter um impacto importante na inibição da angiogênese pelas células endoteliais

Efeitos in vivo e in vitro de agonistas parciais do receptor NOP: implicações para o tratamento da ansiedade, depressão e mania

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the two peptide NOP partial agonists (UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2) and the non peptide NOP partial agonist (AT-090) in the mouse emotional behavior as well as in the intracellular transduction pathways following the receptor binding. Methods: Male Swiss or CD-1 mice were used in this study together with NOP(+/+) and NOP(-/-) mice. The elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the effects of compounds on anxiety-like behaviors. Diazepam and the NOP agonists, N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570, were used as positive controls in the EPM. NOP(+/+) and NOP(-/-) mice were used to evaluate the selectivity of those compounds that induced anxiolytic-like behaviors. The forced swim test (FST) was used to evaluate the effects of compounds on depressive-like behaviors. Nortriptyline and the NOP antagonists, UFP-101 and SB-612111, were used as positive controls in the FST. The effects of N/OFQ, UFP-101, SB-612111, UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, and AT-090 were assessed in the methylphenidate-induced hyperlocomotion (MIH) test; in this assay valproate was used as positive control. The G protein and β-arrestin 2 transduction pathways of NOP receptor agonists (N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570), antagonist (UFP-101), and partial agonists (UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, and AT-090) were also evaluated using an innovative assay that measures a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer process. For this, cell lines permanently co-expressing the NOP receptor coupled to luciferase (energy donor), and green fluorescent protein (energy acceptor) coupled to one of the effector proteins (G protein or β-arrestin 2) were used. Results: Diazepam (1 mg/kg), N/OFQ (1 nmol), Ro 65-6570 (0.1 mg/kg), and AT-090 (0.01 mg/kg) induced anxiolytic-like effect in mice in the EPM. The effects of Ro 65-6570 and AT-090 were selective to NOP receptor. UFP-113 (0.01-1 nmol) and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0.1-3 nmol) were inactive in the EPM. In the FST, nortriptyline (30 mg/kg), UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), UFP-113 (0.01 and 0.1 nmol), and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0.3 and 1 nmol) induced antidepressant-like effects, while AT-090 (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) was inactive in this assay. The effects of UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 were selective to NOP receptor. Valproate (400 mg/kg) counteracted methylphenidate (MPH, 10 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion in mice in the open field. N/OFQ (1 nmol), UFP-113 (0.01-0.1 nmol), and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (1 nmol) were also able to reduce the MPH-induced hyperlocomotion, without changing the locomotor activity per se. The effect of UFP-113 was selective to NOP receptor. The UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), and AT-090 (0.001-0.03 mg/kg) did not change the hyperlocomotor effect of methylphenidate. In vitro, N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570 behaved as NOP full agonists for G-protein and β-arrestin 2 pathways. AT-090 behaved as NOP receptor partial agonist for both transduction pathways, while UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 behaved as partial agonists and antagonists of NOP receptor for NOP/G protein and NOP/β-arrestin 2, respectively. UFP-101 behaved as NOP receptor antagonist for both transduction pathways. Conclusion: NOP ligands producing same effects on NOP/G protein interaction (partial agonism), but with opposite effects on β-arrestin 2 recruitment (partial agonism vs antagonism), can promote different in vivo effects on anxiety and mood as it was observed in the behavioral tests. This work corroborates the potential of NOP receptor as an innovative pharmacological target for the treatment of emotional disorders.

Efeitos in vivo e in vitro de agonistas parciais do receptor NOP: implicações para o tratamento da ansiedade, depressão e mania

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the two peptide NOP partial agonists (UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2) and the non peptide NOP partial agonist (AT-090) in the mouse emotional behavior as well as in the intracellular transduction pathways following the receptor binding. Methods: Male Swiss or CD-1 mice were used in this study together with NOP(+/+) and NOP(-/-) mice. The elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the effects of compounds on anxiety-like behaviors. Diazepam and the NOP agonists, N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570, were used as positive controls in the EPM. NOP(+/+) and NOP(-/-) mice were used to evaluate the selectivity of those compounds that induced anxiolytic-like behaviors. The forced swim test (FST) was used to evaluate the effects of compounds on depressive-like behaviors. Nortriptyline and the NOP antagonists, UFP-101 and SB-612111, were used as positive controls in the FST. The effects of N/OFQ, UFP-101, SB-612111, UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, and AT-090 were assessed in the methylphenidate-induced hyperlocomotion (MIH) test; in this assay valproate was used as positive control. The G protein and β-arrestin 2 transduction pathways of NOP receptor agonists (N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570), antagonist (UFP-101), and partial agonists (UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, and AT-090) were also evaluated using an innovative assay that measures a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer process. For this, cell lines permanently co-expressing the NOP receptor coupled to luciferase (energy donor), and green fluorescent protein (energy acceptor) coupled to one of the effector proteins (G protein or β-arrestin 2) were used. Results: Diazepam (1 mg/kg), N/OFQ (1 nmol), Ro 65-6570 (0.1 mg/kg), and AT-090 (0.01 mg/kg) induced anxiolytic-like effect in mice in the EPM. The effects of Ro 65-6570 and AT-090 were selective to NOP receptor. UFP-113 (0.01-1 nmol) and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0.1-3 nmol) were inactive in the EPM. In the FST, nortriptyline (30 mg/kg), UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), UFP-113 (0.01 and 0.1 nmol), and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0.3 and 1 nmol) induced antidepressant-like effects, while AT-090 (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) was inactive in this assay. The effects of UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 were selective to NOP receptor. Valproate (400 mg/kg) counteracted methylphenidate (MPH, 10 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion in mice in the open field. N/OFQ (1 nmol), UFP-113 (0.01-0.1 nmol), and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (1 nmol) were also able to reduce the MPH-induced hyperlocomotion, without changing the locomotor activity per se. The effect of UFP-113 was selective to NOP receptor. The UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), and AT-090 (0.001-0.03 mg/kg) did not change the hyperlocomotor effect of methylphenidate. In vitro, N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570 behaved as NOP full agonists for G-protein and β-arrestin 2 pathways. AT-090 behaved as NOP receptor partial agonist for both transduction pathways, while UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 behaved as partial agonists and antagonists of NOP receptor for NOP/G protein and NOP/β-arrestin 2, respectively. UFP-101 behaved as NOP receptor antagonist for both transduction pathways. Conclusion: NOP ligands producing same effects on NOP/G protein interaction (partial agonism), but with opposite effects on β-arrestin 2 recruitment (partial agonism vs antagonism), can promote different in vivo effects on anxiety and mood as it was observed in the behavioral tests. This work corroborates the potential of NOP receptor as an innovative pharmacological target for the treatment of emotional disorders.

Os Efeitos da Avaliação Psicológica em Crianças com Dificuldades de Aprendizagem

O presente estudo de caso agregado teve como objetivo primordial avaliar em que medida os recursos terapêuticos utilizados durante o tempo de avaliação psicodiagnóstica (psicométrica e projetiva) das crianças encaminhadas para o serviço de psicologia escolar, tem impacto positivo na criança em processo de avaliação, no duplo plano comportamental e cognitivo. O protocolo da investigação foi composto por: desenho de família, WISC-III e CAT, com recurso a algumas sessões de ludoterapia. Os meios utilizados no processo de avaliação permitiram a superação de algumas dificuldades apresentadas pelas crianças, tendo sido, muito particularmente, identificados os contributos que a psicanálise e a psicologia psicodinâmica podem oferecer à psicopedagogia. / The main objective of this aggregated case study was the assessment of the impact of psycho-diagnostic evaluation (psychometric and projective testing) on the improvement of the school-aged children oriented to the cabinet of psychology of their school. The research protocol included: family picture test, WISC -III and CAT, plus some play therapy sessions. Some of the children overcame part of the learning and behavioral difficulties after the evaluation period. Such a result proves, most particularly, the contributions of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychology to psycho-pedagogy.

Crescimento micelial de Ganoderma lucidum em diferentes substratos e relação com concentração de β-Glucanas, atividade antioxidante e efeitos sobre o desempenho de coelhos

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom traditionally consumed in Asian countries that presents several beneficial effects already verified. Despite all studies about their bioactive compounds, the best cultivation media enrichment aiming to increase the production of these compounds is still uncertain. Besides, few studies are related to the performance of production animals. In order to test different cultivation media for G. lucidum mycelia, agricultural residues (solid state fermentation) and different sugars and aminoacids (in culture media with agar), were tested to evaluate G. lucidum mycelium growth. Supply of flour with G. lucidum mycelia obtained by solid state fermentation (wheat grain) for rabbits was also evaluated. Mycelium of G. lucidum developed very well in all agricultural residues, soybean hulls was the residue that presented higher growth rate and higher concentration of β-glucans. In the cultivation media experiment, G. lucidum also developed well, media that contained cellobiose and tyrosine, despite presenting lower growth rates and total growth within 10 days, produced mycelia with higher concentration of β-glucans and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), respectively. Rabbits did not show any sign of intolerance to feed with different concentrations of flour with G. lucidum mycelium. All performance parameters and dressing percentages were adequate to the age at which they were slaughtered. Histological evaluation of organs presented alterations in renal cells (tubular and glomerulus), indicating a possible renal lesion according to the increase of flour with mycelium in feed. Histomorphometric evaluation showed increased vilous height in ileum and decreased vilous width of jejunus at 0.5% concentration, and decrease in crypt diameter according to the increase of concentration of flour with mycelium in feed. These results indicate the possibility of more studies regarding the aspects about cellobiose and tyrosine utilization for the production of bioactive compounds, and about toxicity of this mushroom mycelia, assuring the safety in supplying this product for animails.