Influência do sistema anteoxidante da catalase no ciclo do glioxilato durante o estabelecimento pós-germinativo de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) e de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)

Oilseeds are a high-value natural resource, due to its use as a substitute for petroleum. However, the storage time can reduce seed viability and oil quality. Therefore, scientific efforts have been made to provide a increment of storage time, germination rates and plant establishment of high-value oilseeds. The seedling establishment depends of the plant pass over the functional transition stage, characterized by a metabolic change from heterotrophic condition to autotrophic one. The storage oil mobilization is performed by β-oxidation process and the glyoxylate cycle. Also, the functional transition involves acclimation to photosynthetic condition, which generally includes the participation of antioxidant system and the reactive oxygen species, the latter are produced in various reactions of primary and secondary metabolism. In the present study, Catalase was inhibited during the functional transition of sunflower and safflower, after were performed many analyzes to elucidate the effects caused on the SOD and APX antioxidant systems. Also, were checked the changes in expression pattern of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes markers, ICL and MLS. It was observed that after CAT inhibition, the SOD and APX antioxidant systems allow the seedling establishment. Besides, was verified that both oilseeds can be accelerate the reverse mobilization and the photosynthetic establishment when Catalase activity has dramatically decreased

Escala diagramática para avaliação de mofo cinzento (Amphobotrys ricini) da mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.)

O objetivo do trabalho foi a elaboração de uma escala diagramática para avaliação de mofo cinzento causado por Amphobotrys ricini (Buchw.) em mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.). Utilizaram 59 cachos, que foram desinfestados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2% por 30 segundos e em água destilada e esterilizada. Depois foram acondicionados em bandejas com espuma umedecida, onde receberam discos de micélio de 5mm do patógeno, permanecendo em câmara climática a 25ºC e UR de 80%. Observou-se a evolução da doença e foram obtidos fotos dos cachos doentes diariamente. Para a determinação da porcentagem de severidade dos cachos, os frutos infectados e sadios foram contados, estimando-se dessa forma a porcentagem da área lesionada e elaborando uma escala diagramática com seis níveis de severidade. A adoção da escala proposta, melhorou a acurácia (R²=0,94), com valores de a não significativamente diferentes de zero (0) e os valores de b não diferentes de um (1).

Phytotoxicity of organic extracts of Turnera ulmifolia L. and Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. in cucumber seeds

We evaluated the phytotoxic effects that the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from leaves and branches of the species Turnera ulmifolia L. and Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. (Turneraceae), at concentrations of 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00 mg ml-1, have on seed germination and seedling development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). None of the extracts tested prevented germination, although the ethyl acetate extracts of T. diffusa, at 3.75 and 5.00 mg ml-1, reduced the mean germination speed and time to germination. Hexane extracts of both species reduced the main root length, number of secondary roots and hypocotyl length. In the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, the number of secondary roots and hypocotyl length varied by species and concentration. Ethyl acetate extracts of T. ulmifolia at ≤ 2.50 mg ml-1stimulated growth of the main root and hypocotyl, as did T. ulmifolia methanol extracts at 1.25 and 3.75 mg ml-1; all other extract/concentration combinations had an inhibitory effect on those parameters. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of T. diffusa inhibited the formation of secondary roots and of the main root, although significant inhibition of hypocotyl growth was observed only at ≥ 2.50 mg ml-1. Comparatively, T. diffusa extracts inhibited development to a greater degree, thus presenting greater allelopathic potential, than did T. ulmifolia extracts.

Analyse individuelle et contextuelle dans l'identification des populations indigènes (Mexique, 1990-2000)

Incluye Bibliografía

Le cyclonne Jeanne en Haïti: degats et effets sur les departements du Nord-Ouest et de l'Artibonite: approfondissement de la vulnerabilité

Inclut la bibliographie

Biologia floral e fragrâncias das flores de Passiflora L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Characterization of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil by absorption and emission spectroscopies

Amostras de óleo obtido do fruto do Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de absorção e emissão. O espectro de absorção foi obtido no intervalo de 300 a 2000 nm, enquanto o espectro de emissão foi analisado entre 400 e 800 nm, onde observamos várias bandas. Para melhor entender a complexidade destes espectros, também obtivemos os espectros de absorção e emissão dos componentes majoritários do óleo de Buriti. Correlacionando estes dados, apresentamos uma discussão sobre a origem das bandas observadas.

Do códice ao e-book DARNTON, Robert. A questão dos livros. Passado, presente e futuro. Tradução Daniel Pellizzari. SP: Companhia das Letras, 2010, 232p. DARNTON, Robert. A questão dos livros. Passado, presente e futuro. Tradução Daniel Pellizzari. SP: Companhia das Letras, 2010, 232p.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterization of the chemical composition of the essential oils from Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' and Annona squamosa L.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' e Annona squamosa L. As espécies foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, com aplicação semanal de solução nutritiva até completar 18 meses, quando se realizaram a colheita e a secagem das folhas para a extração do óleo essencial, analisado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas, para estudo dos perfis químicos. Onze substâncias majoritárias foram encontradas no óleo essencial de A. emarginata: (E)-cariofileno-29,29%; (Z)-cariofileno-16,86%; γ-muroleno-7,54%; α-pineno-13,86%; tricicleno-10,04%. No óleo de A. squamosa, 10 substâncias foram detectadas, entre elas: (E)-cariofileno-28.71%; (Z)-cariofileno-14,46%; α-humuleno-4,41%; canfeno-18,10%; α-pineno-7,37%, e β-pineno-8,71%; longifoleno-5,64%; majoritárias. (E)-cariofileno; (Z)-cariofileno; α-humuleno; canfeno; α-pineno, e β-pineno foram as seis substâncias comuns às duas espécies.

Avaliação de fungicidas, óleos essenciais e agentes biológicos no controle de Amphobotrys ricini em mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.)

The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a tropical oilseed species, and the oil extracted from its seeds is one of the most versatile oils in the nature, showing various industrial uses. Even though it is a rustic species, the castor bean is subjected to several diseases such as the gray mold, caused by the fungus Amphobotrys ricini. Genetic breeding would be the best alternative for the disease control, but a long time is required to obtain resistant cultivars. Thus, the use of control strategies based on chemical, alternative or biological methods shows viable in the short term. The aim of this study was to investigate gray mold control efficiency, in castor bean crop, using chemical, alternative and biological methods. The pathogen control efficiency was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using fungicides, essential oils and biological control agents. As regards the in vitro inhibition of the pathogen mycelial growth, the best treatments with essential oils were those based on C. martini and C. zeylanicum at all five tested concentrations. For both oils, the average diameter of colonies was 0.7 cm against 4.79 cm for the control treatment. For the fungicides, at all four tested levels, the most efficient active ingredients were methyl tiophanate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and iprodione. The ED50 of these fungicides was <1uL/L, yielding 100% mycelial growth inhibition at all concentrations. As to the inhibition of A. ricini conidium germination, the fungicides tebuconazole and chlorotanolyl were the best at all tested concentrations, and the average of germinated conidia with these fungicides was 0.0 and 0.15%, respectively, against 100% for the control treatment. In the field, treatment with the fungicide iprodione was the best for the disease control when compared to biological and alternative treatments. Under field conditions, the average disease severity for the treatment with iprodione was 15.76% against 95.81% for the inoculated control.

The plants by Daniel Rolander (c. 1723-1793) in Diarium Surinamicum (1754-1765) and herbaria

The manuscripts of Diarium Surinamicum by Daniel Rolander practically remained ignored and unpublished for over 240 years, till the recent publication of its translation into English, which occurred in 2008. In this, the names of species described and/or cited by Rolander were faithfully retained, hence preserving the indication of them without authorship, for the vast majority. In the present work, all the names of plants that were treated by Rolander in his journal, about 664, including by tradition the fungi and algae, are contextualised in relation to the authorship, reference to the publication of the protologue, pagination of citations/descriptions in the manuscripts and in the published translation, indication of probable misidentifications with possible alternative names, vernacular names, and related literature. Additionally, we searched for the vouchers collected by Rolander, scattered in several herbaria, which have been linked to the probable names and descriptions in the diary. Given the considerable time till the publication of these names, and by the lack of indication of their nomenclatural types in the English version, the great majority of the new species described by Rolander, which would have priority if published in due time, became invalid names according to the ICN. Nevertheless, the list of Rolandrian species here presented, from his work that has finally taken a place in the history of natural sciences, shows that he was also a competent botanist, besides being a skilled entomologist, having recognised and detailedly described many of the Surinamese plants hitherto unknown to science.

Evaluation of Macroalgae Sulfated Polysaccharides on the Leishmania (L.) amazonensis Promastigote

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vasoconstrictor effect of Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on rat aorta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da compatibilidade de atemoia ((Annona cherimola Mill. X Annona squamosa L. CV. 'THOMOSON') enxertada em araticum-de-terra-fria [Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer variedade terra-fria] e biribá [[Annona mucosa (Bai.) H. Rainer]

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)