Improving fECG signal acquisition in the evaluation of fetal well-being

The ability to monitor fetal heart rate is vital during late pregnancy and labor in order to evaluate fetal well-being. Current monitoring practice is essentially based on external cardiotocography and, less frequently, during labor, invasive fetal scalp electrocardiography. Many current and envisaged applications could benefi t from simpler devices using a 3-lead ECG confi guration. We are designing a maternity support belt with an embedded wireless 3-lead ECG sensor, and have investigated the infl uence of the ground electrode position on signal quality. Data from over 100 pregnant women was collected with the ground electrode placed in 3 locations in order to determine optimum electrode placement and belt form factor.

A laparoscopic surgery training interface

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure on which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions using several specialized instruments. The laparoscopic surgery success greatly depends on surgeon skills and training. To achieve these technical high-standards, different apprenticeship methods have been developed, many based on in vivo training, an approach that involves high costs and complex setup procedures. This paper explores Virtual Reality (VR) simulation as an alternative for novice surgeons training. Even though several simulators are available on the market claiming successful training experiences, their use is extremely limited due to the economic costs involved. In this work, we present a low-cost laparoscopy simulator able to monitor and assist the trainee’s surgical movements. The developed prototype consists of a set of inexpensive sensors, namely an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer and a flex sensor, attached to specific laparoscopic instruments. Our approach allows repeated assisted training of an exercise, without time constraints or additional costs, since no human artificial model is needed. A case study of our simulator applied to instrument manipulation practice (hand-eye coordination) is also presented.

Hand-held robotic device for laparoscopic surgery and training

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has revolutionized traditional surgical techniques introducing minimally invasive procedures for diagnosis and local therapies. LSs have undeniable advantages, such as small patient incisions, reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery. On the other hand, restricted vision of the anatomical target, difficult handling of the surgical instruments, restricted mobility inside the human body, need of dexterity to hand-eye coordination and inadequate and non-ergonomic surgical instruments may restrict LS only to more specialized surgeons. To overcome the referred limitations, this work presents a new robotic surgical handheld system – the EndoRobot. The EndoRobot was designed to be used in clinical practice or even as a surgical simulator. It integrates an electromechanical system with 3 degrees of freedom. Each degree can be manipulated independently and combined with different levels of sensitivity allowing fast and slow movements. As other features, the EndoRobot has battery power or external power supply, enables the use of bipolar radiofrequency to prevent bleeding while cutting and allows plug-and-play of the laparoscopic forceps for rapid exchange. As a surgical simulator, the system was also instrumented to measure and transmit, in real time, its position and orientation for a training software able to monitor and assist the trainee’s surgical movements.

CONDIÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS EMPREENDEDORASNA CRIAÇÃO DE NOVOS NEGÓCIOS: A VISÃO DE ESPECIALISTAS

RESUMO Pretende-se, com este artigo, compreender o efeito de determinadas condições estruturais empreendedoras na oportunidade de contexto em criar novos negócios e, ainda, a influência que essa última oportunidade de contexto tem na capacidade individual em iniciar um novo negócio. A metodologia e os dados recolhidos têm por base o projeto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Os resultados do estudo indicam que, em termos globais, apesar de estarmos na presença de duas economias de natureza estrutural diferente, uma orientada para a inovação (Portugal) e a outra orientada para a dotação de fatores (Angola), os resultados obtidos não são significativamente diferentes entre os dois países. Entre as várias relações estruturais propostas, aquela que se apresenta como mais distintiva para os dois países em análise consiste em: quanto mais favoráveis forem as normas culturais e sociaisem torno do empreendedorismo, maior a sua influência na educação e formação em empreendedorismo. Apesar de essa hipótese se confirmar para ambos os países, evidencia, contudo, um grau de intensidade diferente. Este estudo é original na medida em que pode fornecer pistas e orientaçõesrelevantes aos decisores políticos sobre o tipo de medidas a adotar em empreendedorismo.

O estresse ocupacional do professor do ensino superior: a relação entre os sintomas de estresse e a atividade docente em duas instituições de ensino superior da cidade de Teresina-pi

RESUMO: Com a globalização e as mudanças provenientes da mesma, o ser humano vem sofrendo com o estresse ao tentar se adaptar e acompanhar tais acontecimentos seja no âmbito familiar, social, afetivo e profissional. Para desempenhar as funções docentes do ensino superior, são exigidas diversas condições, e o professor sofre um desgaste físico e psicológico ao tentar suprir determinadas demandas, o que em muitos casos, ocasiona o estresse ocupacional. Com o propósito de aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a relação existente entre o estresse e a atividade docente, fizemos o seguinte questionamento: quais os sintomas de estresse apresentados em professores do ensino superior? Com Objetivo geral de estudar os sintomas e níveis de estresse, relacionando-os à carreira docente do ensino superior, com as variáveis: regime de trabalho, vínculo institucional, idade, sexo, tempo de trabalho, tipo de IES, em uma população específica pertencente a duas Instituições de Ensino Superior -IES da cidade de Teresina, Estado do Piauí- Brasil, sendo uma pública e uma privada. Visando atingir os objetivos propostos, utilizamos da metodologia de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados recorrendo à estatística descritiva. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi o “Inventário de Sintomas de Stress Lipp – ISSL” da autora Marilda Lipp (2000), aplicado em uma amostra de cem (100) professores, com idade entre 22 e 55 anos de idade. Mediante a análise dos dados, pode-se verificar que apesar das diferenças existentes entre IES públicas e privadas, a maioria dos resultados foram semelhantes. Em ambas as IES houve presença de estresse nos docentes, prevalecendo a fase de alerta, logo após a fase de resistência, em seguida a fase de quase-exaustão,Houve um predomínio de sintomas psicológicos, onde na IES privada se destacam: aumento súbito de motivação e entusiasmo súbito. E como sintomas físicos: boca seca e nó no estômago. Na IES públicas os sintomas psicológicos foram: entusiasmo súbito e aumento súbito de motivação. E físicos: tensão muscular e nó no estômago. Em relação as co-variáveis que apresentaram maior relação com o estresse pode-se apresentar na IES privada o sexo masculino e feminino possuem a mesma representatividade, a faixa etária de 31 a 39 anos, estado civil casado, tempo de serviço de 7 a 13 anos, jornada de trabalho integral e vínculo efetivo. Já na IES pública verifica-se relação com o sexo feminino, idade variando de 31 a 39 anos, estado civil solteiro, tempo de serviço de 7 a 13 anos, jornada de trabalho parcial e vínculo substituto. De acordo com o que foi analisado, percebe-se que os docentes do ensino superior, independente do tipo de IES ao qual estão vinculados, estão sujeitos ao estresse e que estes não devem ser responsabilizados pelo mesmo, nem por adoção de medidas preventivas, visto que toda a IES sofre as conseqüências, e tem condições de auxiliar o professor com situações preventivas, de controle a partir do conhecimento, interpretação e mudança de hábitos do professor no ambiente universitário. ABSTRACT: With globalization and its changes, the human being has suffered from stress while trying to adapt and monitor such events, within family, social, emotional or professional scope. To play as teacher in higher education, they are required various conditions and the teacher suffers physical and psychological wear trying to meet certain demands, which in many cases leads to occupational stress.Aiming to deepen knowledge about the relationship between stress and teaching activities, we made the following question: what are the symptoms of stress presented by higher education teachers? With the general objective of study the symptoms and the stress levels, linking them to the teaching career in higher education, using the following variables: working regime, institutional link, age, sex, working time, type of HEI, in a specific population belongs to two Higher Education Institutions HEI - of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, one public and one private. Aiming to achieve the proposed objectives, we used a exploratory - descriptive study, with quantitative approach of data using graphs and tables. The data collection instrument used was the "Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory - ISSL" by the author Marilda Lipp (2000), applied to a sample of a hundred (100) teachers, between 22 and 55 years of age. Through data analysis, despite the differences between public and private HEIs, we can see that the most results were similar. In both HEIs, the results revealed that the alert phase of stress had prevailed, followed by resistance and almost-exhaustion phases. A small number presented stress in exhaustion phase and another group did not present stress. There was a predominance of psychological symptoms, which in private HEIs stands out: increase of motivation and enthusiasm suddenly. And as physical symptoms: dry mouth and stomached. In public HEI, psychological symptoms were sudden enthusiasm and increse of motivation. And physical symptoms: muscle tension and stomached. In relation to the co-variables that showed a greater relationship with stress, in private HEIs males and females have the same representation, between 31-39 years, married, working time of 7-13 years, full working day and effective link. Already in public HEIs, female, between 31-39 years, unmarried, working time of 7-13 years, partial working day and substitute link had prevailed. According to analysis, we find that teachers in higher education, regardless of the HEI to which they are linked, are subject to stress. And they should not be blamed for the onset of stress, neither by adopting preventive measures, since all the HEI suffers the consequences, and it is able to help teachers with preventive measures based on the knowledge, interpretation and change habits of the teacher in the university environment.

Lifestyle factors influence in the frequency in buccal micronucleus

Genomic damage is probably the most important fundamental cause of development and degenerative disease. It is also well established that genomic damage is produced by environmental exposure to genotoxins, medical procedures (e.g. radiation and chemicals), micronutrient deficiency (e.g. folate), lifestyle factors (e.g. alcohol, smoking, drugs and stress), and genetic factors such as inherited defects in DNA metabolism and/or repair. Tobacco smoke has been associated to a higher risk of development of cancer, especially in the oral cavity, larynx and lungs, as these are places of direct contact with many carcinogenic tobacco’s compounds. Alcohol is definitely a recognized agent that influence cells in a genotoxic form, been citied as a strong agent with potential in the development of carcinogenic lesions. Epidemiological evidence points to a strong synergistic effect between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the induction of cancers in the oral cavity. Approximately 90% of human cancers originate from epithelial cells. Therefore, it could be argued that oral epithelial cells represent a preferred target site for early genotoxic events induced by carcinogenic agents entering the body via inhalation and ingestion. The MN assay in buccal cells was also used to study cancerous and precancerous lesions and to monitor the effects of a number of chemopreventive agents.

Effects of the interaction of tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption on buccal micronucleus in workers exposed occupationally to formaldehyde

Occupational exposure to formaldehyde (FA) has been shown to induce nasopharyngeal cancer and has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence in humans. Tobacco smoke has been associated to a higher risk of development of cancer, especially in the oral cavity, larynx and lungs, as these are places of direct contact with many carcinogenic tobacco’s compounds. Alcohol is a recognized agent that influence cells in a genotoxic form, been citied as a strong agent with potential in the development of carcinogenic lesions. Epidemiological evidence points to a strong synergistic effect between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the induction of cancers in the oral cavity. Approximately 90% of human cancers originate from epithelial cells. Therefore, it could be argued that oral epithelial cells represent a preferred target site for early genotoxic events induced by carcinogenic agents entering the body via inhalation and ingestion. The MN assay in buccal cells was also used to study cancerous and precancerous lesions and to monitor the effects of a number of chemopreventive agents.

Air fungal contamination in two elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal

A descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in two elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal. Eight air samples of 250 litres through impaction method were collected in canteen, library, classrooms and also, outside premises as reference place. Simultaneously, were also monitored environmental parameters, including temperature, and humidity through the equipment Babouc, LSI Sistems and according to the International Standard ISO 7726 - 1998. Considering both schools, sixteen different species of fungi in air were identified, being the 2 most commonly isolated Cladosporium sp. (51,1%) and Penicillium sp. (27,5%). Besides these genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Chrysonilia, Botritys, Ulocladium, Athrium, Aureobasidium, Phoma, Scedosporium e Geotrichum were also isolated. Regarding yeasts, Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp. and Rhodotorula sp. were isolated. The youngest school, as well canteens in each school, presented the worst results concerning the air fungal contamination, maybe due to the higher number of occupants. There was no significant relationship (p>0,05) between fungal contamination and temperature and humidity.

Possíveis implicações da contaminação fúngica num aviário

Introdução – Apesar de em Portugal se verificar o aumento da indústria da produção de aves para consumo humano, apenas alguns estudos incidem sobre a qualidade do ar interior e as implicações da sua degradação. Objectivos – Descrever a contaminação fúngica num aviário, analisar possíveis associações com a temperatura ambiente e a humidade relativa e o possível impacto na saúde dos consumidores e trabalhadores desta unidade. Métodos – Foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo para avaliar a contaminação fúngica num aviário. Colheram‑se 5 amostras de ar de 100 litros através do método de compactação e 4 amostras de superfícies, utilizando a técnica da zaragatoa e um quadrado de 10 cm de lado de metal. Simultaneamente, os parâmetros ambientais – temperatura ambiente e humidade relativa – também foram medidos. Resultados – Foram identificadas vinte espécies de fungos no ar, sendo os seguintes os quatro géneros mais comummente isolados: Cladosporium (40,5%), Alternaria (10,8%), Chrysosporium e Aspergillus (6,8%). Nas superfícies, 21 espécies de fungos foram identificadas, sendo os 4 géneros mais identificados Penicillium (51,8%), Cladosporium (25,4%), Alternaria (6,1%) e Aspergillus (4,2%). Importa referir o facto de Aspergillus flavus, também isolado no ar, ser reconhecido como produtor de micotoxinas (aflatoxina) e Aspergillus fumigatus, uma das espécies isoladas no ar e superfícies, ser capaz de causar aspergilose grave ou fatal. Não se verificou relação significativa (p> 0,05) entre a contaminação fúngica e as variáveis ambientais. Conclusão – Caracterizou‑se a distribuição fúngica no ar e superfícies do aviário e analisou‑se a possível influência das variáveis ambientais. Foi reconhecido um potencial problema de Saúde Pública devido à contaminação fúngica e à possível produção de micotoxinas com a eventual contaminação dos produtos alimentares. A contaminação fúngica, particularmente causada pelo Aspergillus fumigatus, e a possível presença de micotoxinas no ar, devem ser encaradas também como fatores de risco neste contexto ocupacional. ABSTRACT - Background – Although there is an increasingly industry that produce whole chickens for domestic consumption in Portugal, only few investigations have reported on the indoor air of these plants and the consequences of their degradation. Objectives – Describe one poultry environmental fungal contamination analyse possible associations between temperature and relative humidity and its possible impact on the health of consumers and of the poultry workers. Methods – A descriptive study was developed to monitor one poultry fungal contamination. Five air samples of 100 litres through impaction method were collected and 4 swab samples from surfaces were also collected using a 10 cm square of metal. Simultaneously, environmental parameters – temperature and relative humidity – were also measured. Results – Twenty species of fungi in air were identified, being the 4 most commonly isolated the following genera: Cladosporium (40.5%), Alternaria (10.8%), Chrysosporium and Aspergillus (6.8%). In surfaces, 21 species of fungi were identified, being the 4 genera more identified Penicillium (51.8%), Cladosporium (25.4%), Alternaria (6.1%) and Aspergillus (4.2%). In addition, Aspergillus flavus also isolated in the poultry air is a well‑known producer of potent mycotoxins (aflatoxin), and Aspergillus fumigatus, one of the species isolated in air and surfaces, is capable of causing severe or fatal aspergillosis. There was no significant relationship (p>0,05) between fungal contamination and environmental variables. Conclusions – Was characterized fungal distribution in poultry air and surfaces and analyzed the association of environmental variables. It was recognized the Public Health problem because of fungal contamination and also due to probable mycotoxins production with the possible contamination of food products. Fungal contamination, particularly due to the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and also the possible presence of mycotoxins in the air, should be seen as risk factor in this occupational setting.

Perfil lipídico em estudantes do ensino superior: caracterização numa população de jovens

O perfil lipídico é condicionado por diversos fatores, entre os quais os estilos de vida, a prática de exercício físico e os hábitos alimentares. Com o presente estudo pretende‑se avaliar o perfil lipídico numa população de jovens e estudar a sua associação com o índice de massa corporal, com os estilos de vida e os hábitos alimentares. Com um estudo exploratório descritivo, transversal, foi determinado o perfil lipídico de 97 estudantes, voluntários, do ensino superior, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 25 anos. O perfil lipídico foi determinado pelo doseamento do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL) e triglicéridos. Foi identificado o índice de massa corporal e hábitos e estilos de vida, recolhidos pela aplicação de um questionário validado. No presente estudo não se observou alteração significativa do perfil lipídico, do IMC nem com o total do score alimentar. Não se encontraram associações entre as alterações lipídicas e o género, sendo que, nos estudantes com hábitos tabágicos, a fração HDL se encontrava mais baixa. O baixo score alimentar não se encontra associado ao perfil lipídico, o mesmo não se verificando em relação à prática de exercício físico. Verificou‑se um perfil lipídico alterado em 44,4% dos participantes, média de colesterol de 198,04mg/dl, triglicéridos de 82,58mg/dl, que são valores elevados para esta faixa etária. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que esta população deve monitorizar os fatores de risco de modo a prevenir patologia do foro cardio e cerebrovascular. ABSTRACT - The lipid profile is conditioned by several factors including the styles of life, physical exercise and eating habits. The present study is to evaluate the lipid profile in a population of students in higher education, and study their association with body mass index, with the lifestyles and eating habits. A descriptive exploratory study, transversal, we determined the lipid profile of 97 students, volunteers, higher education, aged 18 to 25 years. The lipid profile was determined by assay of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL) and triglycerides. It identified the body mass index and habits and lifestyles, collected by applying a validated questionnaire. In the present study, no significant change in lipid profile, BMI, nor with the total food score. No associations were found between lipid disorders and gender, and smoking habits in the students with the HDL fraction was lower. The low food score is not associated with lipid profile, the same was not observed in relation to physical exercise. There is an altered lipid profile in 44.4% of participants, average 198.04mg/dl cholesterol, triglycerides 82.58mg/dl, which are high values for this age group. The results of this study indicate that this population is to monitor the risk factors to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Risk assessment of exposure to multiple mycotoxins in food

Moulds may produce a diversity of toxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and others. Although toxicological, environmental and epidemiological studies have addressed the problem of these toxins one by one, more than one mycotoxin are found usually in the same contaminated food. Risk assessment for humans potentially exposed to multimycotoxins suffers very much from the lack of adequate food consumption data. Furthermore, for a given mycotoxin, synergism and antagonism with other mycotoxins, found in the same food commodities, are not taken into account. Aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A belong to the most frequently occurring mycotoxins. This has repeatedly been demonstrated, however, normally, the risk resulting from their simultaneous occurrence is not considered. A descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in one hospital food unit.

Air fungal contamination in ten hospitals’ food units from Lisbon

A descriptive study was developed to monitor air fungal contamination in ten food units from hospitals. Fifty air samples of 250 litres were collected through impaction method. Samples were collected in food storage facilities, kitchen, food plating, canteen and also, outside premises, since this is the place regarded as reference. Simultaneously, environmental parameters were also monitored, including temperature and relative humidity through the equipment Babouc, LSI Sistems and according to the International Standard ISO 7726.

Monitorização da insuficiência cardíaca por parâmetros fisiológicos em portadores de cardioversor-desfibrilhador implantável e/ou sistema de ressincronização cardíaca: HF-PREDICT

Mestrado em Tecnologia de Diagnóstico e Intervenção Cardiovascular. Área de especialização: Intervenção Cardiovascular.

Análise empírica da informação voluntária sobre capital intelectual no setor bancário espanhol

A contabilidade financeira tradicional está perdendo relevância frente a nova economia. O valor contábil das empresas se distanciam cada vez mais do seu valor de mercado, principalmente nas organizações de alta tecnologia e serviços. Perante essa conjuntura, surge a polêmica, defendida por alguns pesquisadores, de que as demonstrações contábeis não estão mais retratando o verdadeiro valor da empresa, uma vez que o valor dos livros das empresas estão muito aquém do seu corresponente valor de mercado (Lev, 2003, p. 21-24). Esta diferença vem sendo explicada, por uma infinidade de autores como: Capital Intelectual o Ativo Intangível. Diante do que foi exposto, inegavelmente os intangíveis, nos últimos anos, ganharam mais importância para as organizações. O desafio, portanto, consiste em identificar, medir, gerir e informar o capital intelectual. Este artigo tem a finalidade de verificar, através do estudo empírico, qual a relação existente entre os modelos de capital intelectual propostos na literatura, e analisados neste trabalho, com os informes divulgados pelos bancos espanhóis. Para isto, em primeiro lugar tratamos de definir o termo Capital Intelectual (CI); em seguida apresentaremos algumas agrupações existentes de modelos de CI, para assim podermos selecionar os mais apropriados para a informação externa (reporting). Em um terceiro momento analisamos a divulgação de informes das Contas Anuais destas instituições. Por fim evidenciamos as conclusões a que chegamos, onde podemos observar que há um distanciamento entre os modelos utilizados na prática pelos bancos e os modelos teóricos.

Estudo da resposta de um dosímetro eletrónico individual

Introdução – A monitorização da exposição ocupacional a doses de radiação ionizante pode ser complementada por dosímetros eletrónicos individuais que permitem uma leitura direta da dose de radiação recebida. Dada a dependência energética e de débito de dose já reportada para estes dosímetros, este trabalho pretende determinar a linearidade da resposta de um dosímetro eletrónico individual e estudar o comportamento da sua resposta em função da energia de radiação e do débito de dose. Metodologia – Para estudar a dependência da energia da radiação do dosímetro eletrónico pessoal Vertec Bleeper Sv procedeu‑se à sua irradiação com um equivalente de dose individual, Hp(10), de 500 μSv de radiação gama do Cobalto – 60 (60C) e Césio – 137 (137Cs) e das qualidades de radiação X da série Narrow (N): N‑30, N‑40, N‑60, N‑80, N‑100 e N‑120. Para investigar a dependência da resposta em função do débito de dose aplicaram‑se à ampola de raios X as intensidades de corrente elétrica de 1 mA, 5 mA, 10 mA, 15 mA e 20 mA. Resultados – Não existe uma relação entre a resposta do detetor e a energia de radiação a que este é exposto. Ocorre uma subestimação superior a 50% na grandeza medida para energias inferiores a 33 keV, mas ostenta uma medida relativamente linear da grandeza Hp(10) para doses inferiores a 100 μSv. Também se constata que, à medida que o débito de dose aumenta, existe uma diminuição na resposta do dosímetro. O menor decréscimo na resposta deste dosímetro eletrónico individual dá‑se para as qualidades de radiação N‑30 (1,1%), N‑40 (4,1%) e N‑120 (20,0%). Conclusão – Verifica‑se que a resposta do dosímetro individual Vertec Bleeper Sv depende fortemente da energia da radiação e do débito de dose. ABSTRACT: Introduction – The measurement of occupational exposure to radiation doses can be completed with an electronic personal dosemeter that allows a direct reading and alarm function of the received radiation dose. Due to the energy and dose rate dependence already reported for this type of dosemeter, it is intended, with this work, to determine the response linearity of an Electronic Personal Dosemeter and to study its response behavior to the dose rate and radiation energy. Methodology – The electronic personal dosemeter Vertec Bleeper Sv energy dependency was evaluated by its irradiation with 500 μSv from the radionuclides Cobalt – 60 (60C) and Cesium – 137 (137Cs) as well as by the radiation qualities of the Narrow (N) series: N‑30, N‑40, N‑60, N‑80, N‑100 e N‑120. To investigate the dose rate dependency, the intensities of electric current of 1 mA, 5 mA, 10 mA, 15 mA and 20 mA were applied to the X‑ray tube. Results – There is no relationship between the response of the detector and the radiation energy. For energies below 33 keV there is an underestimation over 50% of the radiation dose measured but the detector presents a linear response for energies under 100 μSv. A dependency on the dose rate is perceived since as the dose rate increases, the response of the individual monitor decreases. There is a smaller decrease for the radiation qualities of N‑30 (1.1%), N‑40 (4.1%) and N‑120 (20.0%). Conclusion – It is concluded that there is a strong dependence of radiation energy and dose rate on the response of an electronic personal dosemeter.