黄土高原气候变化与植被恢复

IEECAS SKLLQG

腐植酸成就三十年祝词

<正>腐植酸是土壤肥力的挚友。腐植酸进入于食物链,让土壤更肥沃,让食物更安全,让生活更美好。腐植酸的羧基、酚羟基、醌基等活性基团,决定了腐植酸具有弱酸性、亲水性、离子

科学管理人类智慧的宝库──关于加强文献资源共建共享基本模式的初探

科学管理人类智慧的宝库──关于加强文献资源共建共享基本模式的初探梁伟（中国科学院沈阳应用生态所）自有文字以来，文献资源的积累就是人类智慧的巨大宝库。过去，一个人若要完全占有这个宝库，视天下文献资源为己所藏，为我所用，恐怕会被人笑为是狂人的幻想，而今这...

Pechini sol-gel deposition and luminescent properties of SrLa1-xRExGa3O7 (RE = Eu, Tb) phosphor films

SrLa1-xRExGa3O7 (RE = EU3+, Tb3+) phosphor films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by a simple Pechim sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectra, and lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 700 degrees C and crystallized fully at 900 degrees C. The results of FNR spectra were in agreement with those of XRD. Uniform and crack-free films annealed at 900 degrees C were obtained with average grain size of 80 nm, root mean square roughness of 46 nm and thickness of 130 nm The RE ions showed their characteristic emission in crystalline SrLa1-xRExGa3O7 films, i.e., Eu3+ D-0-F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4), Tb3+5D4 -(7) F-J (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) emissions, respectively. The optimum concentrations (x) of Eu3+ and Tb3+ were determined to be 50, and 80 mol% in SrLa(1-x)RE(x)GGa(3)O(7) films, respectively.

An effective layer-by-layer adsorption and polymerization method to the fabrication of polyoxometalate-polypyrrole nanoparticle ultrathin films

A layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption and polymerization method was developed for the controllable preparation of polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles within ultrathin films. By repetitive adsorption of pyrrole and subsequent polymerization with 12-molybdophosphoric acid, the polyelectrolyte multilayer films containing PPy nanoparticles were fabricated. UV-visible absorption spectrocopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cyclic voltammograras (CVs) were used to characterize the PPy nanoparticles and their multilayer thin films. UV-visible spectra indicate that the growth of PPy nanoparticles was regular and occurred within the polyelectrolyte films. The size of prepared PPy nanoparticles was found by TEM to increase with the increasing of polymerization cycles. The electrochemistry behavior of the multilayer thin films was studied in detail on ITO. The results suggest that the LbL adsorption and polymerization method developed herein provides an effective way to prepare PPy nanoparticles in the polymer matrix.

Isothermal crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The Avrami analysis can be used successfully to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PHBV, which indicates that the Avrami exponent n = 3 is good for all the temperatures investigated. The spherulitic growth rate, G, was determined by POM. The result shows that the G has a maximum value at about 353 K. Using the equilibrium melting temperature (448 K) determined by the Flory equation for melting point depression together with U-* = 1500 cal mol(-1), T-infinity = 30 K and T-g = 278 K, the nucleation parameter K-g was determined, which was found to be 3.14+/-0.07 x 10(5) (K-2), lower than that for pure PHB. The surface-free energy sigma = 2.55 x 10(-2) J m(-2) and sigma(e) = 2.70+/-0.06 x 10-2 J m(-2) were estimated and the work of chain-folding (q = 12.5+/-0.2 kJ mol(-1)) was derived from sigma(e), and found to be lower than that for PHB. This implies that the chains of PHBV are more flexible than that of PHB.

Direct electron transfer between hemoglobin and a glassy carbon electrode facilitated by lipid-protected gold nanoparticles

We synthesized a kind of gold nanoparticle protected by a synthetic lipid (didodecyidimethylammonium bromide, DDAB). With the help of these gold nanoparticles, hemoglobin can exhibit a direct electron transfer (DET) reaction. The formal potential locates at -169 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Spectral data indicated the hemoglobin on the electrode was not denatured. The lipid-protected gold nanoparticles were very stable (for at least 8 months). Their average diameter is 6.42 nm. It is the first time to use monolayer-protected nanoparticles to realize the direct electrochemistry of protein.

Matrix effects in flow injection-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Matrix effects in now injection (FI) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been studied,and the results have been compared with those of continuous nebulization. The matrix element As and nu with higher ionization potential ( > 9eV) have enhancement effect on the analyte signal,and the heavier the analyte mass, the smaller the enhancement effects by Fl. The matrix elements Cu, In, Li, Na and Pb with lower ionization potential have suppression effect on the analyte signal. The heavier the matrix element mass, the more severe the suppression effects. The heavier the analyte mass, the smaller the suppression effects. The higher ionization potential of analyte, the more severe the suppression effects. Compared with continuous nebulization, the degree of suppression effect is smaller and the degree of the enhancement effect is larger by Fl.

流动注射-电感耦合等离子体质谱法的基体效应

研究了流动注射小体积进样，电感耦合等离子体质谱法的基体效应，并与连续进样作了比较。流动注射小体积（１００μＬ）进样时，电离电位较高的Ａｓ和 Ａｕ基体对分析元素的信号表现为增强效应，分析元素的质量数越大，所受增强效应越小。电离电位较低的Ｃｕ、Ｉｎ、Ｌｉ、Ｎａ和Ｐｂ基体对分析元素的信号则表现为抑制效应，基体元素的质量数越大，对分析元素的抑制效应也越大；质量数较大的分析元素，所受的抑制效应较小；对质量数相近的分析元素，电离电位较高者受的抑制较大。与连续进样相比，流动注射小体积进样时，基体元素对分析元素的抑制效应较弱，而增强效应较强。

新型双碳桥联二环戊二烯基稀土氯化物的合成与表征

桥联双环戊二烯基稀土化合物的合成已有不少报道。但双碳桥联双环戊二烯基稀土化合物至今未见任何报道。我们以(CH_3)_4C_2(C_5H_4MgCl)_2·4THF(Ⅰ)与无水三氯化稀土反应,通过控制两者的比例合成了两类双碳桥联二环戊二烯基稀土氯化物,(CH_3)_4C_2(C_5H_4)_2LnCl_2·Mg_2Cl_3·nTHF(Ⅱ)和(CH_3)_4C_2(C_5H_4LnCl_2·MgCl_2)_2·nTHF(Ⅲ),并对这两类化合物进行了表征,证实了这两类化合物的存在。