Meta-analysis and imputation refines the association of 15q25 with smoking quantity.

Smoking is a leading global cause of disease and mortality. We established the Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline study (Ox-GSK) to perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of SNP association with smoking-related behavioral traits. Our final data set included 41,150 individuals drawn from 20 disease, population and control cohorts. Our analysis confirmed an effect on smoking quantity at a locus on 15q25 (P = 9.45 x 10(-19)) that includes CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4, three genes encoding neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. We used data from the 1000 Genomes project to investigate the region using imputation, which allowed for analysis of virtually all common SNPs in the region and offered a fivefold increase in marker density over HapMap2 (ref. 2) as an imputation reference panel. Our fine-mapping approach identified a SNP showing the highest significance, rs55853698, located within the promoter region of CHRNA5. Conditional analysis also identified a secondary locus (rs6495308) in CHRNA3.

Authorship in scientific publications: analysis and recommendations.

In 2008, a Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences working group chaired by Professor Emilio Bossi issued a "Memorandum on scientific integrity and the handling of misconduct in the scientific context", together with a paper setting out principles and procedures concerning integrity in scientific research. In the Memorandum, unjustified claims of authorship in scientific publications are referred to as a form of scientific misconduct - a view widely shared in other countries. In the Principles and Procedures, the main criteria for legitimate authorship are specified, as well as the associated responsibilities. It is in fact not uncommon for disputes about authorship to arise with regard to publications in fields where research is generally conducted by teams rather than individuals. Such disputes may concern not only the question who is or is not to be listed as an author but also, frequently, the precise sequence of names, if the list is to reflect the various authors' roles and contributions. Subjective assessments of the contributions made by the individual members of a research group may differ substantially. As scientific collaboration - often across national boundaries - is now increasingly common, ensuring appropriate recognition of all parties is a complex matter and, where disagreements arise, it may not be easy to reach a consensus. In addition, customs have changed over the past few decades; for example, the practice of granting "honorary" authorship to an eminent researcher - formerly not unusual - is no longer considered acceptable. It should be borne in mind that the publications list has become by far the most important indicator of a researcher's scientific performance; for this reason, appropriate authorship credit has become a decisive factor in the careers of young researchers, and it needs to be managed and protected accordingly. At the international and national level, certain practices have therefore developed concerning the listing of authors and the obligations of authorship. The Scientific Integrity Committee of the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences has collated the relevant principles and regulations and formulated recommendations for authorship in scientific publications. These should help to prevent authorship disputes and offer guidance in the event of conflicts.

Karta öfver Helsingfors 1866

Kansinimeke: Plankarta öfver Helsingfors

1964-65 Board of Governors

The 1964-65 Board of Governors. Pictured here are those who attended the first meeting on December 8, 1964. From left to right - Front Row: E. E. Mitchelson, Niagara Falls. Mrs. J. J. Bench, St. Catharines. W. B. Gunning, Chippawa. Dr. J. A. Gibson, St. Catharines. D. G. Willmot, St. Catharines. J. M. Trott, Welland. C. B. Hill, St. Catharines. A. C. Rae, Fonthill. Back Row: E. S. Howard, Fort Erie. W. J. Freeman, Port Colborne. M. L. Swart, Thorold. C. F. Anderson, Port Colborne. W. S. Martin, Queenston. E. R. Davey, Niagara Falls. R. L. Hearn, Queenston. C. W. Morehead, Welland. S. J. Leishman, Thorold. F. H. Leslie, Chippawa. F. C. Cullimore, Chippawa. W. B. C. Burgoyne, St. Catharines. H. C. Blenkhorn, St. Catharines. M. A. Chown, St. Catharines. B. P. R. Newman, St. Catharines. R. S. Misener, St. Catharines. Missing: R. M. Schmon, Niagara on the Lake. E. J. Barbeau, St. Catharines. P. E. Roberts, Toronto. L. R. Williams, Welland.

Founders Committee

Members of the Founders' Committee. Pictured here in a clockwise fashion from the left are: R. L. Hearn, W. J. Freeman, M. A. Chown, M. L. Swart, C. Bruce Hill, C. B. Slemon, Dr. James A. Gibson, D. G. Willmot, J .M. Trott, A. C. Rae, W. B. C. Burgoyne, E. S. Howard, L. R. Williams, S. J. Leishman, E. J. Barbeau, and E. R. Davey. Missing from the photo were: W. B. Gunning, W. S. Martin, C. W. Morehead, and B. P. R. Newman.

President Chosen

A special meeting of several Founders Committee members took place at Arthur A. Schmon's House in Niagara on the Lake immediately after the announcement in September of 1963 that Dr. James Alexander Gibson would be the first president of Brock University as of January 1964. Pictured here from left to right are: Mr. W. B. C. Burgoyne, Mr. D. G. Willmot, Dr. J. A. Gibson, Dr. A. A. Schmon, Mr. E. J. Barbeau, Dr. S. H. Deeks, and Mr. C. W. Morehead.

Orderly book, Second Regiment of U.S. Dragoons, New York, 1812-1813

The Second U.S. Regiment of Light Dragoons was formed in January 1812. In March of 1814, it merged with the First U.S. Regiment of Light Dragoons to form the Regiment of Light Dragoons.

Memo Re: The 70th General Assembly of O.I.V., 1990

A memo from Donald Ziraldo to the Board of Directors of the VQA and C.W.I. in regards to the 70th General Assembly of O.I.V. The memo is dated 24 September, 1990 and discusses conversations with the Director of O.I.V. and Canada (and Quebec's) possible membership. The memo also remarks "there was a noticeable absence of EEC delegates". One delegate was part of the O.I.V. Assembly and there were informal discussions with him in regards to Canada's request for recognition.

Orderly book, Second Regiment of U.S. Dragoons, New York, 1812-1813

An orderly book of the Second Regiment of U.S. Dragoons, New York, dated August 14, 1812-July 29, 1813. The book contains orders pertaining to day-to-day military matters, such as punishments for disobedience, court-martial proceedings, camp rules and regulations, and guidelines for interacting with civilians in the vicinity of the camp. The Regiment was stationed at various locations in upstate New York and Canada, including Greenbush, Albany, Sackets Harbor, Utica, Geneva, Fort Niagara and Fort George. General Henry Dearborn originally commanded the Regiment at Greenbush. Names noted in this book include:E. Beebe, Deputy Adjt. General; William King, Capt. 15th; John Chandler, General ;W. Gamewood, Major ;James Burns, Colonel;John Woodford, Major; Andrew McDowell, Capt.; Abm. Gustis, Major; C.W. Hunter, Brigade Major; Selden, Captain; Holland, Captain; Harris, Captain; Clarkson, Lieutenant; Johnson, Lieutenant; Robert Craig, Adjt.; R.G. Hith, A.A. General. Also included with the orderly book are a monthly return form, a contract for medical services, and a bonus pay voucher for Thomas Blunt. The monthly return form is partially completed and dated January 1813 at Greenbush, New York. It is signed by Captain Jonas Holland. The contract is dated May 20, 1812, between John Dodge, physician and surgeon, and Jonas Holland. The contract describes the services required of the physician and the salary to be paid. The bonus pay voucher is dated April 25, 1813, for $8.00 paid to Thomas Blunt by Captain Jonas Holland for 'enlisting into the army of the United States for five years'.

Haswell's Engineers' and Mechanics' Pocket-Book

The book is bound in a leather case with a clasp in the front. Inside is printed "S.D. Woodruff, St. Catharines, C.W." in the front of the book and there is a label which says "Band, 74 De Vere Gardens, Toronto 20, Ontario". A full text version of this book is available at the following link: https://archive.org/details/haswellsengineer00hasw

Letters to Reverend William Proudfoot, 1823, 1842-1843, 1846

A 2 ½ page letter addressed to The Editor of the Presbyterian Magazine, care of [illegible], London, C.W. The writer describes the Village of Chippawa and its location in Ontario. He writes that there are many people there of Scotch [Scottish] descent. He says that a congregation was formed and 39 names were on the roll. The letter is from J.P. [John Porteous] with an added note from Wm. Porteous. The letter is from St. Catharines. There is one postmark – St. Catharines, April 6, 1823 A 1 ½ page letter addressed to Rev. W. Proudfoot, Ed. Of Presbyterian Mag., London, C.W. This letter is from Walter Mitchell in St. Catharines. He sends a list of peoples’ names and the amounts that they have paid toward the Presbyterian Magazine. Mr. Mitchell is acting as an agent for the magazine. This letter has 1 postmark – St. Catharines, Sept. 13, 1842 A 2 page letter addressed to Rev. W. Proudfoot, London, C.W. This letter is from John Jennings of St. Catharines. The writer claims that he is ill but he makes plans to meet Reverend Proudfoot in Toronto in order to go to a meeting in Rochester. The writer expects that Reverend Proudfoot will preach in Rochester. The letter has 1 postmark – St. Catharines, Aug. 14, 1843. A 2 page letter addressed to The Rev. Professor Proudfoot, London, C.W. from John Porteaus of St. Catharines. The writer says that he will not preach in Detroit. He says that the people of Detroit are expecting Mr. Dalrymple [who was sent as a missionary to Canada from Scotland in 1846] and also, he doesn’t want to leave his congregation for 2 Sabbaths. The letter has 2 postmarks – St. Catharines, August 1846 [this postmark is very faint] and Hamilton, August 2, 1846.

La dérivation de cellules souches embryonnaires chez le cheval

Les cellules souches embryonnaires (ES) sont porteuses de grands espoirs en recherche biomédicale dans le but d’apporter un traitement définitif à l’ostéoarthrose. Parce que certaines articulations des chevaux sont similaires à celles des humains, cet animal représente un modèle important dans l’évaluation de stratégies de régénération du cartilage. Cependant, pour expérimenter un traitement par les cellules ES chez le cheval, des cellules ES équines (eES) n’ont toujours pas pu être dérivées. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal de cette étude est de dériver des lignées de cellules eES. Le premier objectif de notre étude consiste à optimiser la technique de dérivation des cellules eES. Nous démontrons que la lignée de cellules nourricières et le stade de développement des embryons influencent l’efficacité de la technique de dérivation tandis que l’inhibition de voies de signalisation menant à la différenciation des cellules ES ne l’influence pas sous nos conditions. Le deuxième objectif de notre étude est de caractériser de façon plus approfondie les lignées de cellules eES obtenues. Nous démontrons que les cellules eES dérivées expriment autant des marqueurs associés aux cellules pluripotentes qu’aux cellules différenciées et que l’inhibition de voies de signalisation menant à la différenciation n’influence pas l’expression de ces marqueurs. Pour conclure, nous confirmons avoir dérivé des lignées de cellules semblables au cellules eES (eES-like) ne correspondant pas complètement aux critères des cellules ES.

Évaluation, surveillance et soutien de la fonction respiratoire chez des veaux clonés en période néonatale

Une morbidité et une mortalité néonatales élevées limitent l’efficacité du clonage somatique chez les bovins. Des malformations myoarthrosquelettiques, des anomalies ombilicales, des problèmes respiratoires et de la faiblesse ont été fréquemment observés chez les veaux clonés nouveaux-nés. Cette étude rétrospective porte sur 31 veaux clonés. Ses objectifs étaient de décrire les problèmes respiratoires rencontrés, leur évolution au cours du temps, les traitements instaurés pour soutenir la fonction respiratoire et la réponse aux traitements. Vingt-deux veaux ont souffert de problèmes respiratoires. La tachypnée, l’hypoxémie et l’hypercapnie sont les signes cliniques les plus fréquemment observés. L’analyse des gaz sanguins a été un outil essentiel dans le diagnostic et le suivi de la fonction respiratoire. La radiographie a permis une évaluation globale du poumon. L’oxygénothérapie intranasale et la ventilation mécanique ont permis de limiter la mortalité due à une insuffisance respiratoire à 18% (4/22). Cette étude a permis d’émettre des hypothèses quant à l’origine des problèmes respiratoires chez les veaux clonés. Plus d’une maladie semblent affecter les veaux clonés. La déficience en surfactant, l’hypertension pulmonaire persistante et le retard de résorption du fluide pulmonaire figurent parmi les entités pathologiques les plus probables.