Year book /

Title vignette.

History of the rise and fall of the slave power in America /

Includes indexes.

Theatri machinarvm erster[-sechster] Theill : in welchem vilerley künstliche Machinae in vnterschidlichen Kupfferstücken zu sehen sindt ... /

Some plates by Andreas Bretschneider. Others by or after Henning Grossen, and some after Heinrich Zeising.

A INTEGRAÇÃO ORIENTE-OCIDENTE E OS FUNDAMENTOS DO JUDÔ EDUCATIVO

Desenvolvido em 1882 por Jigoro Kano a partir de seus estudos sobre as escolas de jujutsu, o Judô Kodokan surgiu dentro do espaço escolar a partir de três pilares básicos: como método de luta (arte marcial), como método de treinamento físico (educação física), como método de treinamento mental (desenvolvimento moral e intelectual) onde o Do (caminho) é o foco principal a ser ensinado em vista de beneficiar a sociedade. Uma das principais contribuições de Kano foi a transformação de uma prática de luta marcial em um método educativo. Tal processo ocorreu num momento histórico marcado por mudanças sociais no Japão que passou a receber forte influência do mundo ocidental durante a era Meiji. Naquela época os valores, pensamentos, instituições e linguagens orientais e ocidentais circulavam e se fundiam marcando um forte sincretismo em diversos espaços sociais. Teria Jigoro Kano absorvido essas influências ao desenvolver o judô? Essa possível ligação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, preservando parte da cultura tradicional japonesa e permitindo a influência de pensamentos e práticas ocidentais, possui extrema relevância para a atualidade uma vez que muito se fala em retornar as formulações que deram origem ao Judô. Afinal, que formulações são estas e até que ponto devemos adotá-las sem uma profunda reflexão? No transcorrer da história e, mais precisamente ao final da 2ª guerra mundial, o judô perde boa parte dos conceitos e fundamentos que fazem sua ligação com a linguagem e o pensamento oriental bem como seu significado educativo original em função da sua expansão pelo mundo como prática esportiva. Assim o estudo tem como objetivos: 1) identificar os fundamentos do judô educativo segundo a influência do processo de integração Oriente-Ocidente; 2) Analisar a relação Oriente-Ocidente durante a transformação do Judô de método educativo para prática esportiva; 3) Organizar elementos estruturantes para estabelecer os fundamentos do judô educativo contemporâneo analisando a influência da integração Oriente-Ocidente nesse processo, partindo do modelo sistêmico de pensamento de Jigoro Kano ao elaborar o Judô Kodokan reorganizando suas referências conceituais a partir da Ciência da Motricidade Humana. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, de caráter bibliográfico, que se apropria da antropologia filosófica como suporte metodológico. Os resultados da pesquisa afirmam o processo de integração Oriente-Ocidente na formulação dos conceitos educativo/filosóficos do judô além das transformações dos sistemas simbólicos da luta que apontam sua evolução antropológico-filosófica, desde a prática do Bujutsu (Arte militar sec. XVII) no Japão medieval, até as perspectivas educativas contemporâneas apoiadas na Ciência da Motricidade Humana (CMH).

Technology Policy, R&D, and Innovation in China Traditional Approaches, and New Challenges

China’s long term development path has always been strongly infl uenced by its own ways of innovation and invention. Though around one thousand years ago China had been undoubtedly the most advanced country in the world, by the 17th century Europe had surpassed it. And when the PRC was founded in 1949, it was only a poor, severely underdeveloped country without adequate, modern technologies. In the last three decades, however, the country has achieved remarkable success in economic terms: China has become the second largest economy in the world, and its new economic, fi nancial and trading power has made it clear that the dominance of the USA and Europe has passed. At the same time China is still lagging behind technologically. Though there are huge efforts to narrow the gap, it is extremely diffi cult to build up a new technological and innovation system without deep, organic foundations. China, however, has rich experience of innovations from the past, and the question is whether it is possible to use them to formulate a new technology policy. In this paper I will try to examine China’s technology system, its functioning and its prospects, while comparing it with the traditional ways of innovations in China. I would like to show that current technology policy is, at least partly, based upon traditional values, and that high tech research, R&D, and state of the art innovations can be reconcilable with several thousand-year-old approaches.

Kinetic performance : a study in portable architecture

The purpose of this research was to explore a new way of experiencing a performance space using the portability and flexibility of a cargo container. Since the 17th century there has been a split between theater, as a written work, and architecture. Theater has lost its founding essence becoming more about the structure and less about the performance. Contemporary theater designs came through the development of street performances, which developed into theater types such as the Black Box and lately video and projection screening. With the exploration of kinetic uses in architecture and defragmentation of a cargo container there is a new step on the development of theater design. Using a cargo container gave me a familiar object with specific dimensions to start my exploration as well as the possibility of having the theater transported to many sites. The findings demonstrate that there are many unexplored possibilities to create a performance space outside the conventional theater that can promote new types of performances as well as the use of new technologies of video and projection.

Catherine Tekakwitha et la peinture missionnaire : stratégies de conversion en Nouvelle-France au 17e siècle

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de certains documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Los primeros testimonios sobre Martin Seidel, autor de Origo et fundamenta religionis christianae

El tratado clandestino Origo et fundamenta religionis christianae ataca los fundamentos del cristianismo y propone una religión natural. Pese a que todas las copias manuscritas que lo conservan datan del siglo xVIII, se encuentran suficientes indicios que señalan al silesio Martin Seidel como su autor y documentan la existencia del texto a finales del siglo xVI o principios del xVII. Las primeras fuentes sobre Seidel lo vinculan con los antitrinitarios de Heidelberg (1570), los unitarios polacos (1580) y los “cripto-socinianos” de Altdorf (1610). En este artículo valoro dichas fuentes y corrijo a la luz de las mismas algunas afirmaciones de la crítica reciente sobre Seidel y su Origo.

“Se le dé papel, prensa y letras”. Albert O’Farail y el libro misionero "The Life of the Virgin Marie" (1671-1693)

El proyecto tipográfico del irlandés Albert O’Farail se concibió como un libro misionero destinado a la empresa confesional que la monarquía de España desarrollaba en las Islas Británicas desde comienzos del Seiscientos. Las traducciones de distintos tratados doctrinales y teológicos, representados por su devoción particular a la Virgen María, procuraban acercar la religión a los católicos del Norte a través de mecanismos de proximidad cultural como complemento a la predicación de los ministros espirituales patrocinados por Carlos II. El empeño por dar a las prensas esta miscelánea de obras, financiada por la corona y compuesta por el arte de su propio autor, discurrió en paralelo a la querella abierta por su esposa, María Manuela Laínez, para reivindicar sus derechos nobiliarios al título marquesal de Mayo. Tanto en Madrid como en Roma, la imbricación de ambos negociados determinó su malograda resolución.

The Techialoyan Codices and their Number

In this article, it is proposed a brief revision of the number of Techialoyan codices. To do this, the text starts with a definition of the corpus, that it is composed of manuscripts done between the half of the 17th century and beginning of the next. Around these documents there are many doubts and it remains much to do. In this case, we present a review around the lists and catalogues to see the changes of the group through time. Our conclusion is that is necessary recount the corpus, because there are fragmented documents and others are unknowns or copies. Finally, we show our count, that leaves the number less than fifty-six documents catalogued until today.

Garden Cities: A flawed model for Ecological Urbanism?

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Garden City model has been a predominant theory emerging from Ecological Urbanism. In his book Howard observed the disastrous effects of rapid urbanization and as a response, proposed the Garden City. Although Howard’s proposal was first published in the late 1800’s, the clear imbalance that Howard aimed to address is still prevalent in the UK today. Each year, the UK wastes nearly 15 million tons of food, despite this an estimated 500,000 people in the UK go without sufficient access to food. While the urban population is rapidly increasing and cities are becoming hubs of economic activity, producing wealth and improving education and access to markets, it is within these cities that the imbalance is most evident, with a significant proportion of the world’s population with unmet needs living in urban areas. Despite Howard’s model being a response to 17th century London, many still consider the Garden City model to be an effective solution for the 21st century. In his book, Howard details the metrics required for the design of a Garden City. This paper will discuss how, by using this methodology and comparing it with more recent studies by Cornell University and Matthew Wheeland (Pure Energies); it is possible to test the validity of Howard’s proposal to establish whether the Garden City model is a viable solution to the increasing pressures of urbanization.
This paper outlines how the analysis of Howard’s proposal has shown the model to be flawed, incapable of producing enough food to sustain the proposed 32,000 population, with a capacity to produce only 23% of the food required to meet the current average UK consumption rate. Beyond the limited productive capacity of Howard’s model, the design itself does little to increase local resilience or the ecological base. This paper will also discuss how a greater understanding of the
Land-share requirements enables the design of a new urban model, building on the foundations initially laid out by Howard and combining a number of other theories to produce a more resilient and efficient model of ecological urbanism.

Combining histology, stable isotope analysis and ZooMS collagen fingerprinting to investigate the taphonomic history and dietary behaviour of extinct giant tortoises from the Mare aux Songes deposit on Mauritius

Taphonomic research of bones can provide additional insight into a site's formation and development, the burial environment and ongoing post-mortem processes. A total of 30 tortoise (Cylindraspis) femur bone samples from the Mare aux Songes site (Mauritius)were studied histologically, assessing parameters such as presence and type of microbial alteration, inclusions, staining/infiltrations, the degree of microcracking and birefringence. The absence of microbial attack in the 4200 year old Mare aux Songes bones suggests the animals rapidly entered the soil whole-bodied and were sealed anoxically, although they suffered frombiological and chemical degradation (i.e. pyrite formation/oxidation, mineral dissolution and staining) related to changes in the site's hydrology. Additionally, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopeswere analysed to obtain information on the animals' feeding behaviour. The results show narrowly distributed δ13C ratios, indicating a terrestrial C3 plant-based diet, combined with a wide range in δ15N ratios. This is most likely related to the tortoises' drought-adaptive ability to change their metabolic processes, which can affect the δ15N ratios. Furthermore, ZooMS collagen fingerprinting analysis successfully identified two tortoise species (C. triserrata and C. inepta) in the bone assemblage,which,when combined with stable isotope data, revealed significantly different δ15N ratios between the two tortoise species. As climatic changes around this period resulted in increased aridity in the Mascarene Islands, this could explain the extremely elevated δ15N ratio in our dataset. The endemic fauna was able to endure the climatic changes 4200 years ago, although human arrival in the 17th century changed the original habitat to such an extent that it resulted in the extinction of several species. Fortunately we are still able to study these extinct tortoises due to the beneficial conditions of their burial environment, resulting in excellent bone preservation.

A Review of the Dodo and its Ecosystem: Insights from a Vertebrate Concentration Lagerstätte in Mauritius

The dodo Raphus cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758, an extinct and flightless, giant pigeon endemic to Mauritius, has fascinated people since its discovery, yet has remained surprisingly poorly known. Until the mid-19th century, almost all that was known about the dodo was based on illustrations and written accounts by 17th century mariners, often of questionable accuracy. Furthermore, only a few fragmentary remains of dodos collected prior to the bird’s extinction exist. Our understanding of the dodo’s anatomy was substantially enhanced by the discovery in 1865 of subfossil bones in a marsh called the Mare aux Songes, situated in southeastern Mauritius. However, no contextual information was recorded during early excavation efforts, and the majority of excavated material comprised larger dodo bones, almost all of which were unassociated. Here we present a modern interdisciplinary analysis of the Mare aux Songes, a 4200-year-old multitaxic vertebrate concentration Lagerst€atte. Our analysis of the deposits at this site provides the first detailed overview of the ecosystem inhabited by the dodo. The interplay of climatic and geological conditions led to the exceptional preservation of the animal and associated plant remains at the Mare aux Songes and provides a window into the past ecosystem of Mauritius. This interdisciplinary research approach provides an ecological framework for the dodo, complementing insights on its anatomy derived from the only associated dodo skeletons known, both of which were collected by Etienne Thirioux and are the primary subject of this memoir.

Uma introdução à geometria projetiva para o ensino fundamental

A Geometria Projetiva é o ramo da matemática que estuda as propriedades geométricas invariantes de uma projeção. Ela surge no século XVII da tentativa de compreender matematicamente as técnicas de desenho em perspectiva empregadas pelos artistas da Renascença. Por outro lado, a Geometria Descritiva também se utiliza de projeções para representar objetos tridimensional em um plano bidimensional. Desta forma, a Geometria Projetiva dialoga com o desenho artístico através das regras de perspectiva, e com o desenho técnico através da Geometria Descritiva. A partir das relações entre estes três campos do conhecimento, elaboramos uma proposta didática para o ensino da Geometria Projetiva a alunos do 9 ∘ ano do ensino fundamental. Este trabalho apresenta esta proposta e busca embasá-la matematicamente, relacionando-a aos principais fundamentos da Geometria Projetiva.

Catherine Tekakwitha et la peinture missionnaire : stratégies de conversion en Nouvelle-France au 17e siècle

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de certains documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal