O Movimento Associativo da Diáspora Brasileira e Cabo-verdiana em Portugal na Promoção do Nexo Migração-Desenvolvimento

O tempo em que vivemos conhece uma globalização sem precedentes. Neste contexto, a intensificação dos fluxos migratórios surge como foco de interesse político de muitos atores, sendo muitos os debates forjados em torno das suas consequências económicas, sociais e até culturais, sobre os países de origem e sobre os de acolhimento. É neste cenário que o nexo entre migração e desenvolvimento ganha destaque nos discursos e políticas externas dos países de origem e dos de acolhimento, e mesmo no âmbito de espaços sui generis, como é o caso da União Europeia. Devido à necessidade da atuação conjunta entre os atores interessados neste nexo, analisamos de que modo o movimento associativo das diásporas brasileira e cabo-verdiana em Portugal se relaciona (ou não) com a promoção do nexo entre migração e desenvolvimento. Para tanto, contextualizamos as discussões sobre este nexo no cenário internacional, abordamos as políticas da União Europeia relacionadas direta ou indiretamente com a promoção deste nexo, assim como as políticas do Brasil e de Cabo Vede, identificando suas semelhanças e diferenças. Em seguida, tratamos do movimento associativo destas diásporas em Portugal, abordando a construção de suas relações com o Estado Português. Para o tratamento destas questões, utilizamos uma abordagem construtivista das Relações Internacionais, a perspetiva das redes de políticas públicas e o institucionalismo sociológico. Assim sendo, realizamos entrevistas com líderes associativos da diáspora brasileira e da diáspora cabo-verdiana em Portugal, bem como com representantes diplomáticos dos dois Países em Lisboa. Em nossa análise buscamos identificar e contextualizar as perceções dos entrevistados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e observamos que o autodesenvolvimento das comunidades é a principal vertente de atuação das associações em prol do nexo estudado. Porém, esta vertente não é a única, pois a mobilização social transnacional, a manutenção dos laços com os países de origem e o apoio direto ao seu desenvolvimento também foram exemplos que indicam a importância da atuação das associações para a promoção deste nexo.

Estudos Epidemiológico do Peso ao Nascer a Partir da Declaração de Nascidos Vivo Cabo Verde 2010 e 2011

Há evidências de forte associação entre o baixo peso ao nascer e a morbimortalidade neonatal e infantil. A Organização Mundial da Saúde identifica-o como o mais relevante factor isolado na sobrevivência infantil. Assim, com o propósito de estimular o uso de dados de nascimentos vivos, rotineiramente gerados, em território nacional, foi realizado um estudo para identificar os factores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer por meio de variáveis epidemiológicas e demográficas presentes nos boletins de Nascidos Vivos. Foram analisados 19.554 nascimentos vivos ocorridos durante os anos de 2010 e 2011, em Cabo Verde. Os dados foram obtidos dos boletins de Nascidos Vivos, instrumento Subsistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos do Sistema Nacional de Informação Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde. Foram efectuados os testes qui-quadrado, Fisher e Wald. Para controlar o efeito de variáveis confundidoras realizou-se uma regressão logística multivariada, utilizando-se sempre um nível de significância de 5%. A proporção de baixo peso nos recém-nascidos foi de 8,5% em 2010 e 8% em 2011. Foi detectada uma associação estatisticamente significante entre baixo peso ao nascer: sexo, vigilância pré-natal, duração da gravidez e o tipo de parto, em 2010 e 2011, sendo que a idade materna só foi significativa para as crianças de baixo peso para o ano de 2011. Recomenda-se o uso e aperfeiçoamento da guia de Nascidos Vivos do Ministério da Saúde de estudos epidemiológicos e operacionais de saúde maternoinfantil, face à sua relevância, e possibilidade de fornecer informação de qualidade além da facilidade da disponibilidade dos dados.

Granulomatous uveitis and congenital cataract: a rare association.

INTRODUCTION: The association of a granulomatous uveitis and congenital cataract and is rarely observed in newborn children. We describe the history of two patients presenting simultaneously with these two features in the absence of a TORCH infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The first patient, a boy born in 1997, presented to our hospital two days after birth with multiples Koeppe's and Busacca's nodules and bilateral cataract. The second patient, a boy born in 2006, was referred two weeks after birth. He presented with a severe unilateral granulomatous uveitis, multiples iris nodules, a high intraocular pressure of 45 mmHg and a congenital cataract. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Lens extraction produced a rapid resolution of uveitis in these two patients. TORCH infection was ruled out in both children by history, extensive serologies performed simultaneously in mother and child or PCR of ocular fluids. CONCLUSIONS: A congenital cataract associated with a granulomatous uveitis is an extremely rare association. The removal of the lens resulted in complete resolution of the inflammation: a phacogenic mechanism could be at the origin of ocular inflammation in both cases.

Baerveldt aqueous shunt implantation into the ciliary sulcus

Purpose: Aqueous shunt implantation into the anterior chamber is associated with corneal decompensation in up to a third of eyes. Intracameral tube position may affect corneal endothelial cell loss. The authors set out to examine the efficacy and safety of Baerveldt shunt implantation into the ciliary sulcus combined with surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI). Methods: One hundred eyes prospectively underwent Baerveldt shunt implantation into the cilliary sulcus combined with SPI, leaving a short intracameral tube length (1-2mm). Pre and post operative measures recorded included patient demographics, visual acuity, IOP, number of glaucoma medications (GMs) and all complications. Pre-existing corneal decompensation was recorded. Success was defined as IOP≤21mmHg and 20% reduction in IOP from baseline with or without GMs. Results: Mean age was 65.4 years (±20.4years). Mean follow-up was 10.8 months. Preoperatively IOP was 25.7mmHg (± 9.9mmHg), GMs were 2.9 (±1.2) and VA was 0.4 (±0.3). At one year postoperatively there was a significant drop in IOP (mean= 13.3mmHg (± 5.0mmHg); p<0.001) and number of GMs (mean= 1.3 (±1.4); p<0.001); and no significant change in VA (mean= 0.4 (±0.3); p=0.93). The success rate at one year was 83%. Complications were minor and non sight threatening (10%), there were no cases of postoperative corneal decompensation, tube blockage or iris/corneal-tube contact. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that placement of Baerveldt shunts into the ciliary sulcus with SPI is a safe and efficacious method of IOP reduction in comparison with standard shunt positioning in the anterior chamber. The intracameral tube position combined with SPI avoided tube-iris contact and corneal decompensation. Sulcus placement of aqueous shunts should be considered in pseudophakic eyes.

The characterization of retinal phenotype in a family with C1QTNF5-related late-onset retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and electrophysiological features of C1QTNF5-associated late-onset retinal degeneration in a molecularly confirmed pedigree. METHODS: Five members of a family participated, and affected individuals (n = 4) underwent detailed ophthalmologic evaluation including fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging and electroretinography. Electrooculography was performed in three individuals. RESULTS: The visual acuity was initially normal and worsened with time. Anterior segment abnormalities included peripupillary iris atrophy and long anterior insertion of zonules. Peripapillary atrophy, drusenoid deposition, and scalloped sectorial chorioretinal atrophy were observed in all older individuals (n = 3). Fundus autofluorescence demonstrated hypofluorescent areas corresponding to regions of chorioretinal atrophy. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated multiple areas of retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane separation with intervening homogeneous deposition that corresponded to the drusenoid lesions and areas of chorioretinal atrophy. Electrooculography was normal in one individual and showed abnormally low dark trough measures in older individuals (n = 2). Electroretinography was normal in early stages (n = 1), but showed marked abnormalities in the rod system (n = 3), which was predominantly inner retinal (n = 2) in late stages. CONCLUSION: Late-onset retinal degeneration is a progressive degeneration, and anterior segment abnormalities present early. The widespread sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposition seen on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in older individuals appears to be a characteristic in late stages. Electrooculography demonstrates abnormalities only in late stages of the disease.

Avaliação de atributos de Latossolo Bruno e de Terra Bruna Estruturada da região de Guarapuava, Paraná, por meio de sua energia refletida

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar espectralmente amostras de Latossolo Bruno e Terra Bruna Estruturada, provenientes de rochas vulcânicas ácidas na região Centro Sul do estado do Paraná, nas profundidades de 0-20 e 40-60 cm. Foram realizadas a caracterização, discriminação e previsão dos atributos desses solos por meio de sua energia refletida, obtidas em laboratório, pelo sensor IRIS, na faixa espectral de 400 a 2.500 nm. Foi possível discriminar os solos pela intensidade de reflectância e feições de absorção, apesar de apresentarem altos teores de óxidos de ferro, matéria orgânica e textura muito argilosa. A análise discriminante foi 100% eficiente na separação dos solos por sua energia refletida. A gibbsita, a matéria orgânica, a CTC e a tonalidade e a intensidade da cor foram os atributos dos solos que apresentaram equações múltiplas com coeficientes de correlação mais elevados, para sua previsão, por meio da energia refletida.

Prophylactic use of bevacizumab to avoid anterior segment neovascularization following proton therapy for uveal melanoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the prophylactic use of bevacizumab reduces the rate of rubeosis after proton therapy for uveal melanoma and improves the possibility to treat ischemic, reapplicated retina with laser photocoagulation. DESIGN: Comparative retrospective case series. METHODS: Uveal melanoma patients with ischemic retinal detachment and treated with proton therapy were included in this institutional study. Twenty-four eyes received prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab injections and were compared with a control group of 44 eyes without bevacizumab treatment. Bevacizumab injections were performed at the time of tantalum clip insertion and were repeated every 2 months during 6 months, and every 3 months thereafter. Ultra-widefield angiography allowed determination of the extent of retinal ischemia, which was treated with laser photocoagulation after retinal reapplication. Main outcome measures were the time to rubeosis, the time to retinal reattachment, and the time to laser photocoagulation of ischemic retina. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were balanced between the groups, except for thicker tumors and larger retinal detachments in the bevacizumab group, potentially to the disadvantage of the study group. Nevertheless, bevacizumab prophylaxis significantly reduced the rate of iris rubeosis from 36% to 4% (log-rank test P = .02) and tended to shorten the time to retinal reapplication until laser photocoagulation of the nonperfusion areas could be performed. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab in patients treated with proton therapy for uveal melanoma with ischemic retinal detachment prevented anterior segment neovascularization, until laser photocoagulation to the reapplied retina could be performed.

PAX6 mutations in Egyptian families with aniridia

Methods Ten patients with aniridia from 3 families of Egyptian origin underwent full ophthalmologic, general and neurological examination, and blood drawing. Cerebral MRI was performed in the index case of each family. Genomic DNA was prepared from venous leukocytes and direct sequencing of all the exons and intron-exon junctions of the PAX6 gene was performed after PCR amplification. Results Common features observed in the three families included absence of iris tissue, corneal pannus with different degrees of severity and foveal hypoplasia with severely reduced visual acuity. In families 2 and 3, additional findings such as lens dislocation, lens opacities or polar cataract and glaucoma were observed. We identified two novel (c.170-174delTGGGC [p.L57fs17] and c.475delC [p.R159fs47]) and one known (c.718C>T) PAX6 mutations in the affected members of the 3 families. Systemic and neurological examination was normal in all ten affected patients. Cerebral MRI showed absence of the pineal gland in all three index patients. Severe hypoplasia of the brain anterior commissure was associated to the p.L57fs17mutation, absence of the posterior commissure to both p.R159fs47 and p.R240X, and optic chiasma atrophy and almost complete agenesis of the corpus callosum to p.R240X. Conclusions We identified two novel PAX6 mutations in families with severe aniridia from Northern Egypt, an ethnic group which is not well studied. In addition to common phenotype of aniridia and despite normal neurological examination, absence of the pineal gland was observed in all 3 index patients. The heterogeneity of brain anomalies related to PAX6 mutations is underexplored and is highlighted in this study.

Patterns of extraocular muscle weakness in vasculopathic pupil-sparing, incomplete third nerve palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of extraocular muscle (EOM) paresis in incomplete vasculopathic third nerve palsies (3NP) that have normal pupillary function. METHODS: A retrospective study in a private practice and academic neuro-ophthalmic practice. Patients diagnosed with vasculopathic 3NP within 4 weeks of symptom onset were identified. The chart of each patient was reviewed to determine pupillary function and the pattern and degree of EOM and levator palpebrae paresis at the time of presentation. RESULTS: Of 55 patients with vasculopathic 3NP, 42 (76%) had normal pupillary function. Of these 42, 23 (55%) demonstrated an incomplete EOM palsy, defined as partially reduced ductions affecting all third nerve-innervated EOMs and levator (diffuse pattern) or partially reduced ductions that involved only some third nerve-innervated EOMs and levator (focal pattern). Twenty (87%) of these 23 patients showed a diffuse pattern of paresis; only three (13%) showed a focal pattern of paresis, one that affected only the superior rectus and levator muscles (superior division weakness). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our series, most patients with EOM/levator involvement in pupil-sparing, incomplete 3NP of vasculopathic origin have a diffuse pattern of paresis. In contrast, our review of the literature suggests that pupil-sparing 3NP of aneurysmal origin usually have a focal pattern of paresis. We propose that distinguishing these two patterns of EOM paresis may be helpful in differentiating between vasculopathic and aneurysmal 3NP. Future studies will be needed to confirm the clinical utility of this hypothesis.

Deficiency symptoms and uptake of micronutrients by castor bean grown in nutrient solution

Castor bean is a nutrient-demanding species, but there is still little information on its micronutrient requirements. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of levels of B (2.5, 12.5 and 25.0 µmol L-1), Cu (0.05, 0.25 and 0.50 µmol L-1), Mn (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol L-1) and Zn (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol L-1) in a nutrient solution on plant B, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations and uptake, vegetative growth and fruit yield of castor bean "Iris", grown in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The first deficiency symptoms were observed for B, followed by Zn, Cu and Mn. The main changes in the cell ultrastructure due to lack of B were thickening of the cell walls and middle lamellae, distorted chloroplasts and tightly stacked thylakoids, besides the absence of starch grains. The Mn, Zn and Cu deficiencies led to disruption of chloroplasts, disintegration of thylakoids and absence of amyloplasts. The concentration and uptake of B, Cu, Mn, and Zn in castor bean plants increased with micronutrient supply in the solution. Fruit yield was drastically reduced by B and Mn deficiencies. On the other hand, the dry matter yield of the shoot and root of castor bean plants was not. In the treatment with full nutrient solution, the leaves accumulated 56 and 48 % of the total B and Mn taken up by the plants, respectively, and the seeds and roots 85 and 61 % of the total Cu and Zn taken up, respectively. This shows the high demand of castor bean Iris for B and Mn for fruit yield.

[Illustrations de Phytogénie ou théorie mécanique de la végétation] / Charles Fermond, dess. et aut. du texte; J. Blancoud, grav.

Comprend : [pl.1 après p.692 : fig.1.A,B et C : expression graphique de la manière dont le mouvement produit seulement en a, sur une corde pincée, se communique aussitôt également et forme les concamérations b, ou b',a',b', ou b,a',b',a'',b'',a''',b'''. ; [pl.2 après p.692 : les fig.6,7 et 8 sont destinées à montrer la cause mécanique qui fait les exastosies ou les défauts d'exastosies que l'on nomme soudures. Fig.9 : expression graphique de la manière dont les 6 phytogènes circulaires de chaq ; [pl.3 après p.692 : fig.13 : expression graphique de la manière dont les forces rayonnantes se distribuent dans les phytogènes circulaires pour déterminer les exastosies. Fig.14 : feuille de vigne entière, présentant sur l'aile de l'un de ses ; [pl.4 après p.692 : fig.21 : développement du phytogène interphytogénique et organogénie de la feuille de l'Iris pumila. Fig.22 : diagramme de bourgeon (A, Tilleul. B, Saule. C, Noyer). Fig.23 : théorie phytogénique de la composition des feui

Suomen Ranskan instituutti

Laitoksen esittely Tieteellisten seurain valtuuskunnan vuosikokousseminaarissa 19.3.1999