Argumentation strategies for plan resourcing

Postprint

Uma nova arquitetura para Internet das Coisas com análise e reconhecimento de padrões e processamento com Big Data.

A Internet das Coisas é um novo paradigma de comunicação que estende o mundo virtual (Internet) para o mundo real com a interface e interação entre objetos. Ela possuirá um grande número de dispositivos heteregôneos interconectados, que deverá gerar um grande volume de dados. Um dos importantes desafios para seu desenvolvimento é se guardar e processar esse grande volume de dados em aceitáveis intervalos de tempo. Esta pesquisa endereça esse desafio, com a introdução de serviços de análise e reconhecimento de padrões nas camadas inferiores do modelo de para Internet das Coisas, que procura reduzir o processamento nas camadas superiores. Na pesquisa foram analisados os modelos de referência para Internet das Coisas e plataformas para desenvolvimento de aplicações nesse contexto. A nova arquitetura de implementada estende o LinkSmart Middeware pela introdução de um módulo para reconhecimento de padrões, implementa algoritmos para estimação de valores, detecção de outliers e descoberta de grupos nos dados brutos, oriundos de origens de dados. O novo módulo foi integrado à plataforma para Big Data Hadoop e usa as implementações algorítmicas do framework Mahout. Este trabalho destaca a importância da comunicação cross layer integrada à essa nova arquitetura. Nos experimentos desenvolvidos na pesquisa foram utilizadas bases de dados reais, provenientes do projeto Smart Santander, de modo a validar da nova arquitetura de IoT integrada aos serviços de análise e reconhecimento de padrões e a comunicação cross-layer.

Análisis del movimiento en secuencias de imágenes

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una aplicación destinada al análisis de secuencias de imágenes para la detección de movimiento en la escena. Se trata de un campo importante de la Visión Artificial, con múltiples aplicaciones entre las que se encuentra la videovigilancia con fines de seguridad, el control de tráfico, el movimiento de personas o el seguimiento y localización de objetos entre otras muchas. Para ello se utilizan métodos de análisis como son el de Lucas-Kanade y Gauss-Seidel, que obtienen el denominado flujo óptico. Este describe el movimiento que ha tenido lugar entre las imágenes y su fundamento estriba en la determinación de las variables espaciales y temporales en las imágenes, siendo precisamente la variable temporal la que introduce el concepto fundamental para el análisis del movimiento a partir de las imágenes captadas en diferentes instantes de tiempo dentro de la secuencia analizada. Para el desarrollo de la aplicación se han utilizado técnicas propias del tratamiento de la Visión Artificial, así como la metodología proporcionada por la Ingeniería del Software. Así, se ha realizado una especificación de requisitos, se ha elaborado y seguido un plan de proyecto y se ha realizado un análisis de alto nivel, que se materializa en el correspondiente diseño e implementación, junto con las pruebas de verificación y validación, obviamente adaptados en todos los casos a las dimensiones del proyecto, pero que establecen claramente los planteamientos básicos para el desarrollo de una aplicación a nivel empresarial. La aplicación planteada se enmarca perfectamente dentro del paradigma, hoy en día en pleno auge, conocido como el Internet de las Cosas (IoT). El IoT permite la intercomunicación entre dispositivos remotos, de forma que mediante la correspondiente comunicación a través de conexiones a Internet es posible obtener datos remotos para su posterior análisis, bien en nodos locales o en la nube, como concepto íntimamente relacionado con el IoT. Este es el caso de la aplicación que se presenta, de suerte que los métodos de procesamiento de las imágenes pueden aplicarse localmente o bien transmitir las mismas para su procesamiento en nodos remotos.

Inteligencia ambiental en el Internet de las cosas

En la actualidad, existe un concepto que está cobrando especial relevancia, el cual es conocido como IoT (Internet of Things, Internet de las Cosas) [1]. En el IoT [2] se define la interconexión digital de objetos cotidianos con internet, esto significa que no sólo “los humanos” tenemos la capacidad de conectarnos a internet, sino que caminamos hacia una nueva era donde prácticamente cualquier cosa podría ser conectada a internet, desde un reloj (smartwatch), como tenemos en la actualidad, hasta una nevera, una persiana, una sartén, etc. En este proyecto se ha querido aplicar ciertas fases del IoT, para convertir una información ambiental poco sesgada, proporcionada por una pequeña estación meteorológica, en un valor adicional a la hora de tomar decisiones basadas en las variables ambientales, para determinar, según un proceso de aprendizaje automático, la sensación que una persona percibe en relación al tiempo meteorológico en un determinado momento. Para ello utilizamos una serie de sensores que se encargan de darnos la información ambiental necesaria (como la temperatura, humedad y presión atmosférica) una fuente de procesamiento como puede ser un micro-controlador, para después poder manejarla y procesarla en la nube, de forma remota, adquiriendo así el valor añadido que se espera en el IoT. Además, en este proyecto se aplican técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial para ayudar al usuario en esa toma de decisiones, mediante un proceso de entrenamiento previo, que permite obtener información relevante para aplicarla posteriormente en el contexto meteorológico mencionado. Para manejar todos estos conceptos y elementos, se hace uso de servicios Web, bases de datos, procesamiento y aprendizaje automático, integrando todos los servicios en una misma plataforma que facilite la comunicación de todos los elementos involucrados.

Un enfoque tolerante a interrupciones para la seguridad de la Internet de las cosas

La Internet de las cosas (IoT, Internet of Things) es un paradigma emergente que pretende la interconexión de cualquier objeto susceptible de contar con una parte de electrónica, favorecido por la miniaturización de los componentes. El estado de desarrollo de la IoT hace que no haya ninguna propuesta firme para garantizar la seguridad y la comunicación extremo a extremo. En este artículo presentamos un trabajo en progreso hacia una aproximación tolerante a retrasos (DTN, Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks) para la comunicación en el paradigma de la IoT y planteamos la adaptación de los mecanismo de seguridad existentes en DTN a la IoT.

Ecological restoration across the Mediterranean Basin as viewed by practitioners

Restoration efforts in the Mediterranean Basin have been changing from a silvicultural to an ecological restoration approach. Yet, to what extent the projects are guided by ecological restoration principles remains largely unknown. To analyse this issue, we built an on-line survey addressed to restoration practitioners. We analysed 36 restoration projects, mostly from drylands (86%). The projects used mainly soil from local sources. The need to comply with legislation was more important as a restoration motive for European Union (EU) than for non-EU countries, while public opinion and health had a greater importance in the latter. Non-EU countries relied more on non-native plant species than EU countries, thus deviating from ecological restoration guidelines. Nursery-grown plants used were mostly of local or regional provenance, whilst seeds were mostly of national provenance. Unexpected restoration results (e.g. inadequate biodiversity) were reported for 50% of the projects and restoration success was never evaluated in 22%. Long term evaluation (> 6 years) was only performed in 31% of cases, and based primarily on plant diversity and cover. The use of non-native species and species of exogenous provenances may: i) entail the loss of local genetic and functional trait diversity, critical to cope with drought, particularly under the predicted climate change scenarios, and ii) lead to unexpected competition with native species and/or negatively impact local biotic interactions. Absent or inappropriate monitoring may prevent the understanding of restoration trajectories, precluding adaptive management strategies, often crucial to create functional ecosystems able to provide ecosystem services. The overview of ecological restoration projects in the Mediterranean Basin revealed high variability among practices and highlighted the need for improved scientific assistance and information exchange, greater use of native species of local provenance, and more long-term monitoring and evaluation, including functional and ecosystem services' indicators, to improve and spread the practice of ecological restoration.

Sub-Cellular Localization and Complex Formation by Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Cyanobacteria: Evidence for Interaction of Membrane-Anchored ValRS with ATP Synthase

tRNAs are charged with cognate amino acids by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and subsequently delivered to the ribosome to be used as substrates for gene translation. Whether aminoacyl-tRNAs are channeled to the ribosome by transit within translational complexes that avoid their diffusion in the cytoplasm is a matter of intense investigation in organisms of the three domains of life. In the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, the valyl-tRNA synthetase (ValRS) is anchored to thylakoid membranes by means of the CAAD domain. We have investigated whether in this organism ValRS could act as a hub for the nucleation of a translational complex by attracting other aaRSs to the membranes. Out of the 20 aaRSs, only ValRS was found to localize in thylakoid membranes whereas the other enzymes occupied the soluble portion of the cytoplasm. To investigate the basis for this asymmetric distribution of aaRSs, a global search for proteins interacting with the 20 aaRSs was conducted. The interaction between ValRS and the FoF1 ATP synthase complex here reported is of utmost interest and suggests a functional link between elements of the gene translation and energy production machineries.

Letter from Charles Stearns to Edward Wigglesworth, 1781 November 8, and receipt signed by Stephen Sewall, 1781 November 16

In a letter to Wigglesworth, acting president of Harvard and Hollis Professor of Divinity, Stearns resigns his tutorship and writes that he will return an unnamed silver tankard and various books to the College. The folder also includes as a receipt for those objects upon their return, signed by Harvard Professor Stephen Sewall.

Letter from Oliver Wendell to John Thornton Kirkland, 1817

One letter offering Harvard President Kirkland a donation of 100 dollars to acquire a "handsome Christening Cup or Baptismal Basin" for the new College Church, which held services in University Hall.

Twentieth century manuscript copies of correspondence between Thaddeus William Harris and Edward Everett, 1847 August

One letter from Harris, the University Librarian, to President Everett, enclosed with a historical account of the Great Salt and its donor, Richard Harris, and sketches of the new engravings on the Great Salt, Stoughton Cup, and Browne Cup bearing donor names. Harris writes that he hopes to have his account of the Great Salt published in the Cambridge Chronicle and is gratified to hear of Everett’s plans to use an excerpt in his Commencement dinner speech. In a short note of reply, Everett writes that Harris’ account of the silver was "received with great favor" during the dinner.

Memorandum Concerning the Holyoke Bowl, 1904 June 14

One-page typed document reflecting the donation of the Holyoke Caudle Cup by Charlotte A. Hedge in 1903. Provenance information is also included. There is a handwritten note at the bottom of the page regarding the cup’s inclusion in an exhibition catalog published by the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

Letter from Walter Kendall Watkins, 1905 October 21

One letter addressed "Dear Sir," enclosed with a one-page biographical sketch of Richard Harris. Walters indicates in the letter he had been permitted to examine the college silver, including the Great Salt, in the spring of 1905.

Sundrypeices of the Plate given to the College, 1736 September 18

One-page inventory of the silver, including the weight of each object, donor, and dates; one passage is crossed out, and written diagonal to the inventory are the words "Fort London Farmer London." Docketed on the verso with an address to the Right Honorable Samuel Bishop of York.

Committee Report on College Silver, 1781

Report of a committee appointed by the College to inventory the College Plate, listing faculty members and the pieces in their possession. The folder also includes two receipts signed by Harvard tutors Charles Stearns (Harvard AB 1773) and William Bentley (Harvard AB 1777, AM 1780), acknowledging the vessels they were loaned.

Twentieth century transcription of inventories by Thaddeus William Harris, 1845 July 25-1852 July 3, and undated

Transcription of inventories of College silver completed by Harris in 1845 and 1852, as well as an undated list of silver.