Uma introdução à filosofia das ciências da vida e da saúde

O interesse de estudantes, pesquisadores e profissionais das ciências da vida e da saúde pela Filosofia da Ciência e a dificuldade que eles enfrentam para obter fundamentos teóricos diretamente de obras filosóficas motivaram a produção desse livro. Para os autores, a Filosofia da Ciência contribui para a formação de pesquisadores à medida que os princípios básicos da pesquisa científica e de seu significado contribuem para a produção de novos conhecimentos. Eles afirmam que o método científico se constitui na ferramenta adequada para a construção de soluções eficazes para problemas que profissionais e pesquisadores encontrarão ao longo se suas atividades, já que os capacita a fazer análises, sínteses e críticas baseadas no raciocínio científico. Outra importante colaboração é fornecer uma perspectiva do processo histórico da ciência. Ao longo dos capítulos são abordados temas como a natureza do conhecimento científico e o modo de produção da ciência. Os autores ainda apresentam uma breve história do pensamento biológico, além de conceitos e métodos das teorias Geral dos Sistemas e da Auto-organização, fundamentais para a tipificação dos fenômenos biológicos e para uma concepção da natureza como resultante da interação dinâmica entre fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais. Eles também abordam a relação entre a atividade científica e a sociedade tecnológica atual, inclusive discutindo sobre a ética que deve reger esse relacionamento. A obra faz um foco ainda sobre a psicossomática, que analisa por diversos aspectos: expõe seus fundamentos teóricos, bases fisiológicas e hipóteses filosóficas em torno do problema mente-corpo desenvolvidas ao longo da história, além de avaliar os mecanismos fisiológicos próprios aos processos psicossomáticos e demonstrar de que modo a psicossomática poderia ser aplicada à saúde coletiva.

Introdução e aplicação da diluição da precisão das ambiguidades GNSS - ADOP

The main topic of this paper is the Ambiguity Dilution of Precision known as ADOP. Basically, ADOP is defined as a diagnostic measure for assessing the precision of the float scalar ambiguities. Among the several possibilities, the ADOP can provide help in predicting the behavior of a baseline or a network of GNSS receivers, concerning the problem of ambiguity resolution, either in real-time (instantaneous) or in the post-processing mode. The main advantage of using ADOP is possibility of the extraction of a closed analytical expression, considering various factors that affect the ambiguity resolution. Furthermore, the ADOP is related to the success rate of ambiguity resolution. The expressions here used, takes into account several factors, for example, a priori information of the measurement precision of GNSS carrier phase and pseudorange, the number of stations and satellites, the number of available frequencies and the behavior of the atmosphere (ionosphere and troposphere). Several scenarios were established so as to analyze the impact of each factor in ambiguities resolution, within the context of some stations of the São Paulo GNSS network (GNSS-SP).

Ponto fixo: uma introdução no ensino médio

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

Introdução à análise intervalar em níveis simples e extensão de Zadeh

Pós-graduação em Matemática - IBILCE

Diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento do carcinoma medular de tireoide: recomendações do Departamento de Tireoide da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelos de recuperação de informação e web semântica: a questão da relevância

Introduction: In the Web environment, there is a need for greater care with regard to the processing of descriptive and thematic information. The concern with the recovery of information in computer systems precedes the development of the first personal computers. Models of information retrieval have been and are today widely used in databases specific to a field whose scope is known. Objectives: Verify how the issue of relevance is treated in the main computer models of information retrieval and, especially, as the issue is addressed in the future of the Web, the called Semantic Web. Methodology: Bibliographical research. Results: In the classical models studied here, it was realized that the main concern is retrieving documents whose description is closest to the search expression used by the user, which does not necessarily imply that this really needs. In semantic retrieval is the use of ontologies, feature that extends the user's search for a wider range of possible relevant options. Conclusions: The relevance is a subjective judgment and inherent to the user, it will depend on the interaction with the system and especially the fact that he expects to recover in your search. Systems that are based on a model of relevance are not popular, because it requires greater interaction and depend on the user's disposal. The Semantic Web is so far the initiative more efficient in the case of information retrieval in the digital environment.

Atributos químicos do solo, reservas orgânicas e sistema radicular de pastos degradados associada à introdução de leguminosa

The aim was to study the recovery of degraded pasture with the introduction of Stylosanthes macrocephala e capitata cv. Campo Grande on Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk evaluating the levels N-total in roots, biomass, area, and length, diameter and root levels of macro and micronutrients in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Andradina, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-plot (with and without phosphorus), with four replicates, forming the following treatments: control Brachiaria decumbens (CB), partial desiccation with 1.5 L ha(-1) of glyphosate (DP), total desiccation with 3.0 L ha(-1) of glyphosate (TD); tillage (T), soil scarification (S); harrowing rome (H) and plowing + disking (PD). Treatments H and PD were sown by broadcasting and the other in the form of direct seeding. Recovery strategies of grazing signal grass showed significant differences between treatments only for the content of N-total, there were no differences in geometric characteristics of roots and root biomass. The contents of macro and micronutrients in the soil showed no significant differences between the strategies of recovery. Fertilization had a significant effect for P. The introduction of estilosantes Campo Grande accompanied by techniques such as drying and plowing + disking contributed to increases in the N-total levels in the root system. Forms of introduction of legumes did not change the soil chemical properties.

Introdução à dinâmica de rotação clássica

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Proposta de diretrizes embasadoras para introdução de sistemas de medição de desempenho em empresas de projetos de instalações prediais

The civil construction in Brazil has grown a lotover the last years. This has caused a greater competition between companies of the sector. A little difference in quality in service or product a company offers can determine their success in the market. There is a growing demand for tools that optimize processes and bring greater quality to each activity in these companies. Performance measurement systems make it possible to control process efficiency and effectiveness using performance indicators. Considering this need, the paper before you has the objective of creating basic guidelines to introduce performance measurement systems inbuilding installations project companies. A theoretical reference is presented to describe organizational aspects of project companies along with performance measurement systems characteristics. Using a qualitative research methodology, a study case was executed with interviews, observation and document analysis as evidence sources. In the study case, limitations where identified, such as, high degree of product and process flexibility, dependence on subjective analysis for decision making and lack of specialized information systems. Considering the theoretical reference and the study case,the proposed guidelines intend to ease and guarantee greater chances of success when implanting one of these systems

A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no município de Rio Claro - São Paulo (SP): introdução, diagnósticos e tratamentos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de um levantamento bibliográfico da situação em que a cidade de Rio Claro, interior de São Paulo, se encontra em relação à Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana, uma vez que, o município foi apontado como foco da doença no ano de 2000 por mídias regionais. O trabalho visa identificar o período de maior número de casos bem como a situação atual da doença na cidade. Este levantamento bibliográfico, contou com auxilio de agentes de saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Instituto Adolfo Lutz presente na cidade, além de departamentos da prefeitura municipal envolvidos com tema. Ficou evidente que o município enfrentou períodos de surtos da doença, porém, atualmente a LTA está controlada, apresentando poucos casos em relação há anos anteriores. O atendimento aos doentes é oferecido gratuitamente na rede municipal de saúde. A cidade procura através dos órgãos envolvidos com o tema, conscientizar a população quanto ao risco e método de prevenção

Ciências no ensino infantil: contribuições da introdução de atividade lúdicas e investigativas para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem

Here we present the introduction of a range of science´s experimental activities, designed and developed with a focus on the investigative methodology in an interdisciplinary context. The activities have as main theme water and covers topics of heat and temperature, density and states of matter. The relevance of this project is to promote the first contacts of children with Science in an attractive way, and correctly of the scientific point of view, respecting the cognitive level of each child, trying to stimulate the development of hypotheses, creativity and critical thinking, as well as the development of the narrative, descriptive language and drawing. We developed seven lesson plans that were applied in the year of 2012, during three weeks in a school for early childhood education in the city of Bauru. The activities were conducted with fifteen children aged four to six years old together with the teacher responsible for the group. As main contributions in the teaching learning process we cite: acquiring of new vocabulary, progress in the development of hypotheses, development of collective work, evolution of knowledge of the topics covered, and use of the acquired knowledge to new problems and situations

Introdução à gravitação de Brans-Dicke

The cosmological standard model needs a deep improvement when compared to recent observational data and also when contrasted with a broad theorical context. Al- ternative theories to General Relativity are possible candidates to reach the expectation Physics of Elementary Particles and Gravitation. Scalar-tensor theories seem to reappear from the ashes of the old work by Jordan corresponding appropriately low power limits of unifying theories. Being the Brans Dicke theory a scalar tensor is conducted a comprehensive study starting from its rst motivations to it s current one it is re flections

Modelagem matemática aplicada a precificação de opções

The mathematical models are critical to determine theoretical prices of options and analyze whether they are overrated or underrated. This information strongly influence in operations carried out by the investor. Therefore, it is necessary that the employee model present high degree of reliability and be consistent with the reality of investment to which it is intended. In this sense, this dissertation aims to apply the steps of mathematical modeling in the Pricing of options for decision making in the investment of a hydroelectric power plant. Was used a Monte Carlo simulation, with the Latin Hypercube Method, to determine the volatility of returns of the project. In order to validate the proposed model, compared to the results found by the Binomial Model, which is one of the models most used in this type of investment. The results reinforce the hypothesis that the mathematical modeling with the Binomial Model is critical to investment decision-making in hydroelectric power

Introdução de Lentinulaedodes (Shiitake) e Pleurotusostreatus (Shimeji) em bagaço de cana termo explodido para diminuição da toxicidade

Ethanol production has gained great prominence in the investment new renewable energy sources and Brazil is among the leaders of production. However, this activity generates large amounts of waste being the largest volume of the sugar cane bagasse. For this reason looking up ways to use this material as burning for energy production and composition of forage in the diet of ruminants, however there are difficulties to use this production for this last one. This paper proposes a microbiological treatment with Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus in order to enable the bagasse in ruminant feed composition in order to be used more noble than their burning. After treatment with the fungus, tests were performed for quantifying crude protein by the method of Kjeldhal. It was verified that the protein content in the pure bagasse was 1.0% after fermentation the protein content was 4.2% with L.edodes and 4.9% with P. ostreatus. To evaluate the protein quality of the product fermented by L. edodes and P. ostreatus was applied microbiological method for growth of Enterococcus zimogenes verifying that after fermentation the protein quality was 76 and 27.4% with L. edodes and P.ostreatus, respectively, compared with casein. The quantification of amino acids showed significant improvement of protein with altered amino acid profile with treatments of fungos. About of DQO and BOD were also found considerable improvement besides considerable drop in toxicity as measured by acute toxicity test with Daphinia similis