Options for achieving a 50% cut in industrial carbon emissions by 2050.

Carbon emissions from industry are dominated by production of goods in steel, cement plastic, paper, and aluminum. Demand for these materials is anticipated to double at least by 2050, by which time global carbon emissions must be reduced by at least 50%. To evaluate the challenge of meeting this target the global flows of these materials and their associated emissions are projected to 2050 under five technical scenarios. A reference scenario includes all existing and emerging efficiency measures but cannot provide sufficient reduction. The application of carbon sequestration to primary production proves to be sufficient only for cement The emissions target can always be met by reducing demand, for instance through product life extension, material substitution, or "light-weighting". Reusing components shows significant potential particularly within construction. Radical process innovation may also be possible. The results show that the first two strategies, based on increasing primary production, cannot achieve the required emissions reductions, so should be balanced by the vigorous pursuit of material efficiency to allow provision of increased material services with reduced primary production.

Prioritizing county-level well-being: Moving toward assessment of Gulf Coast counties impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Industrial Disaster

To develop a portfolio of indicators and measures that could best measure changes in the social, economic, environmental and health dimensions of well-being in coastal counties we convened a group of experts March 8-9, 2011 in Charleston, SC, U.S.A. The region of interest was of the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically, those coastal counties most impacted during the explosion and subsequent oil spill from the Macondo Prospect wellhead during the summer of 2010. Over the course of the two-day workshop participants moved through presentations and facilitated sessions to identify and prioritize potential indicators and measures deemed most valuable for capturing changes in well-being related to changes in or disruption of ecosystem services. The experts reached consensus on a list of indicators that are now being operationalized by NOAA researchers. The ultimate goal of this research project is to determine whether a meaningful set of social and economic indicators can be developed to document changes in well-being that occur as a result of changes in ecosystem services. The outcomes and outputs from the workshop that is the subject of this report helped us to identify high-quality indicators useful for measuring well-being.

A case study on the impact of industrial effluent disposal on the fishery of Amba River estuary, Maharashtra

The impact of waste discharge on fishery resources is a matter of great concern. The accepted norm in all environmental impact assessment studies is to avoid areas of high fishery potential while locating a marine outfall. Contemplating on this aspect a case study was conducted in the Amba River estuary before and after the establishment of a petrochemical complex at Nagothane. The treated wastewater from this complex is released through a subsurface outfall after adopting effective control measures for marine disposal of waste. Experimental trawling was done at five locations covering a distance of 30 km during 1990 to 1991. The catch rate within the estuary varied from 0.6 to 255 kg/h (av 24 kg/h). The trend indicated considerable decrease in fishery potential from the mouth of the estuary (av 64 kg/h) to the upstream location (av 11 kg/h). A total of 49 species of fishes, 16 species of prawns, 7 species of crabs and 1 species of lobster were identified from the collections. Number of species gradually increased from the interior segment at Dharamtar (8) to the outer area near Revas (18). A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative nature of the post outfall and pre outfall data revealed only marginal difference. The study indicates that if necessary precautions are taken to render the waste harmless the marine ecology will hardly be affected.

Industrial practice in technology planning - Implications for a useful tool catalogue for technology management

A survey on technology planning and its implications for a useful tool catalogue for technology management was conducted. The survey provided a picture of technology planning, across a broad range of company size, manufacturing type and sector. It was concluded from the findings that technology planning is an important business activity across industry sectors and company types, driven increasing competition, market requirements and regulation technology change. The process technology roadmapping was used to support technology strategy and planning and could be useful way of structuring both the use of tools in a company and a tool catalogue.

Recolha de camarões reprodutores vivos da espécie Fenneropenaeus indicus da pesca de arrasto semi-industrial na Baía de Maputo

The collection of wild breeders of the Indian white prawn Fenneropenaeus indicus from two semi-industrial trawlers fishing in Maputo Bay is assessed for the period between August and November 1993. The daily mean catch (12-21 prawns dayˉ¹) increased until October but monthly yields were not significantly different (P>0.05). The monthly mean mortality ranged between 8% and 20% and was similar for males and females. More than 70% of the catch comprised small (grade B1: 20-39 g) and medium size (grade B2: 40-59 g) prawns. While males were exclusively of grade B1 (99%), the females were predominantly of grades B2 and B3 (60-80 g). The collection of larger breeders (grade B4: >80 g) was low and represented only 1% of total catches and a maximum of 3% of females. The net profit of breeders collection increased with size (grade) of prawns, and represented a maximum yield of 114% for grade B3. The added value of live prawns exceeded 450% of the cost to the fisherman, but decreased with size of breeders. It is considered that the semi-industrial trawling fishery operating in Maputo Bay has potential for supplying wild breeders of the Indian white prawn for aquaculture. This activity can also contribute to value adding of part of the catch traditionally destined for human consumption.