Instal•lació d'un reactor químic en una indústria farmacèutica

L’objecte del projecte és l’ampliació de la línia de producció d’una indústria farmacèutica dimensionant la fontaneria i instal•lant el reactor químic. Els antecedents són els seguents: en el Desembre de 2013,una indústria farmacèutica decideix ampliar la producciód’una línia existent de treball, instal•lant un reactor químic en paral•lel a la línia deproducció existent. Al Gener de 2014 es decideix adaptar una zona que s’utilitza com a magatzem per fer la nova producció. Per tant s’ha d’adaptar la zona com a Sala Blanca per complir amb la seva nova funcionalitat. A Febrer de 2014 es contracta un enginyer per redactar el projecte de l’adaptació de la Sala Blanca, així com les instal•lacions necessàries per posar en funcionament el Reactor químic adquirit pel client

Tratamento de efluente da indústria de processamento de coco utilizando eletroflotação

Electroflotation (EF) with aluminum electrodes was applied in the treatment of Brazilian industrial coconut wastewater. The results show that EF with polarity inversion is a very good treatment when compared to others. The removal of pollutants in the wastewater after EF with polarity inversion was 96.3% of oils and grease, 99% of color and 66% of total organic carbon. Also, metal concentrations, turbidity and total solids were reduced.

Transformações químicas da matéria orgânica durante a compostagem de resíduos da indústria madeireira

Composting of sawdust and paper mill sludge, using a "Kneer" process reactor, was studied in an attempt to elaborate upon organic matter (OM) transformation during the process and to define parameters to measure the compost maturity level. Temperature, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data, ash and C, H, N and S contents, and a spectroscopic method using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) for alkaline (pH = 8.5) and solid samples was used to study the maturity of the compost samples. These parameters were measured in 6 humic acids (HA) extracted from the compost samples during 29 days. The results of this work show that the "Kneer" process is efficient in transforming ligno-celulitic residues in a short time (29 days), into an organic fertilizer material with application perspectives.

Anàlisi econòmica financera del sector vinícola català

Objecte: El present treball reflecteix l'anàlisi econòmica financera de les grans indústries elaboradores de vi a Catalunya en el període 2008-2012. S'ha considerat la indústria vinícola per ser un sector estratègic dintre de l'agroalimentació catalana, considerada primer clúster agroalimentari d'Europa segons dades de l'observatori de clústers de l'Stockholm School of Economics. L'estudi posiciona aquestes indústries dintre del sector agroalimentari català i espanyol i presenta els principals indicadors econòmics i financers per tal de diagnosticar la salut d'aquestes empreses en el període 2008-2012 mitjançant una anàlisi a curt i llarg termini, una anàlisi de resultats i una anàlisi dels canvis patrimonials i dels fluxos d'efectiu de les empreses vinícoles. Disseny/metodologia: Les dades utilitzades provenen dels estats comptables de les indústries vinícoles en el període 2008-2012, en concret, es recull una mostra d'empreses catalanes que elaboren vi amb uns ingressos d'explotació mínims de 5.700.000 € i uns actius mínims de 2.850.000 €, que presenten comptes anuals normals seguint el que disposa el Pla General Comptable en aquest període, i que majoritàriament són grans empreses sobre les que es porta a terme l'anàlisi econòmic financer mitjançant l'estadística descriptiva oportuna arribant a uns resultats i conclusions. Aportacions i resultats: L'estudi permet assenyalar que les empreses vinícoles en aquest període gaudeixen d'una bona salut econòmica i financera, amb un reduït nombre d'empreses que concentren gran part de les vendes. Tot i que les vendes hanaugmentat, s'experimenta una reducció dels resultats econòmics per l'augment de les despeses d'explotació en aquest període. Per tant, no gaudeixen d'una gestió eficient de les despeses. Limitacions: Seria convenient estendre la mostra a petites empreses vinícoles i arribar fins a dades actuals per confirmar els canvis de tendència en l'anàlisi econòmica i financera. Implicacions pràctiques: Permet valorar la projecció d'aquest sector en els últims anys a Catalunya, per prendre les oportunes decisions econòmiques al respecte. Implicacions socials: Els resultats permeten posar de manifest canvis que cal fer en el sector, per tal de que les empreses segueixin ben posicionades. Valor afegit: Per les associacions, cooperatives i empreses vinícoles en general, dóna informacions econòmiques i financeres rellevants de la salut empresarial de les empreses del vi en aquest difícil període, amb indicacions a seguir per assolir els reptes de futur.

A destilação simulada na indústria do petróleo

One of the most widely used physico-chemical characterizations of hydrocarbon mixtures is the determination of their boiling point distribution. Knowledge of the boiling range of crude oils and petroleum products is essential to ensure the correct specification of final products and to control refinery processes. Simulated distillation, a GC based process, has been playing this role for the past decades in the petroleum industry. The main purpose of this work is to show the fundamentals of this technique as well as its present trends.

Zona volcànica catalana

Esta excursión pretende ofrecer una visión esquemática y puntual de uno de los rasgos principales de la geología del noreste de la Península Ibénca, como es el vulcanismo neógeno-quaternario de la Zona Volcánica Catalana (ZVC). En concreto se plantea un recorrido, por el Parque Natural de la Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa (PNZVG), que muestre los rasgos más significativos del vulcanismo reciente de la PenínsulaIbérica

Interfaces com a indústria

Brazilian chemical industries face several problems regarding Research, Development and Innovation (RDI). The present paper shows that simple cooperation between chemical industries and university laboratories can be a way to overcome some of the present difficulties. The work carried out at LABOCAT has several industrial interfaces. It involves, among other areas of RDI, the development of anti-HIV-protease (and other virus-related-protease) drugs, the establishment of new (industrial) chemical processes and the implementation of industrial (biodiesel and related) plants. A model based on the present so called RHAE programme is proposed in which, parallel to the fellowship awards of this programme, financing participation of Brazilian Agencies would cover process development.

A indústria de processamento químico no Brasil: suas motivações para pesquisa e desenvolvimento e suas interfaces com as políticas governamentais

As the Chemical Science is an experimental one a Chemical Industry require technical people in all its staff level: from Directors and Managers to Operators. This chemical and chemical engineering based education is the foundation of the innovate process and motivation. The paper discusses this and the role of Public Policies to improve the R&D and innovation in the Brazilian Chemical Industry.

Desafios da química analítica frente às necessidades da indústria farmacêutica

The development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) techniques in the last few decades has made possible the analysis of trace amounts of analytes from complex matrices. With LC, the analytes of interest can be separated from each other as well as from the interfering matrix, after which they can be reliably identified thanks to the sensitivity and specificity of MS. LC-MS has become an irreplaceable tool for many applications, ranging from the analysis of proteins or pharmaceuticals in biological fluids to the analysis of toxic substances in environmental samples. In different segments of Brazilian Industry mass spectrometry has an important role, e.g. in the pharmaceutical industry in the development of generic formulations, contributing to the growth of Industry and social inclusion. However, the Brazilian chemists until this moment don't have an effective role in this new segment of the analytical chemistry in Brazil. The present paper shows the actual scenario for mass spectrometry in the pharmaceutical industry, emphasizing the need of a revision of graduation courses to attend the needs of this growing market.

La història contemporània de la llengua catalana com a paradoxa

En aquest article ens proposem demostrar que la història del català del segle XVI ençà està caracteritzada per tres fenòmens sense els quals no podem entendre tampoc la situació actual: reculada en els usos socials de la llengua, baixa cohesió de la comunitat lingüística, i augment de la variació interna i les interferències. Aquestes tres constants, però, s'han corregit en part des de finals del XIX, segons l'àmbit i el territori. Al nostre parer, allò que singularitza el català entre les llengües europees és aquesta combinació paradoxal de reculades i recuperacions durant l'edat contemporània. This paper aims to demonstrate that the history of Catalan from the 16th century onwards is characterized by three phenomena without which the current situation of this language cannot be understood. These three phenomena are regression in social practices, low cohesion of the language community and increase of its internal variation as well as interferences. Nevertheless, those phenomena have been partially mitigated from the late 19th century depending on the domain and area concerned. In our view, what singles out Catalan among all European languages is this paradoxical combination of setbacks and recoveries in the late modern age.

Caracterização química do "pitch" em indústria de celulose e papel de Eucalyptus

The chemical analysis of the acetone, chloroform, toluene and methanol extracts of a pitch sample was carried out by IR and GC-MS, leading to the identification of sixty nine compounds, including fatty acids, alcohols and hydrocarbons. Analysis of the acetone extractive of a eucalyptus wood used in Brazil for pulp production was also carried out, resulting in identification of fifty nine compounds, including mainly fatty acids, phenolic compounds, beta-sitosterol and other steroids. This analysis showed that pitch formation had a contribution from wood extractives and other sources of contamination. The results obtained and the methodology applied can be used by the pulp industry to develop new methods of pitch control.

El pariente en el recuerdo. Reflexiones en torno al concepto de diáspora mercantil catalana al Río de la Plata

En los últimos años un importante numero de estudios realizados en Cataluña ha tomado como objeto de estudio la organización de diásporas comerciales desde las costas del norte de España hacia América como forma de apropiación espacial y de dominio dentro de los esquemas de una economía basada en el capital comercial. En este artículo proponemos incorporar el estudio de caso como método de análisis del comportamiento mercantil de un linaje originario de una de las poblaciones mediterráneas más prósperas de Cataluña, la Villa de Calella, y del significado de las redes sociales construidas por sus miembros. La trayectoria de Jaime Alsina i Verjés no permitirá percibir el reblandecimiento de los vínculos personales debido a la distancia física impuesta por el desplazamiento personal a un punto geográfico tan alejado como el Río de la Plata, uno de los grandes ausentes en los estudios sobre las redes sociales y mercantiles entre España y América.

Indústria química: evolução recente, problemas e oportunidades

Chemical industry underwent a significant upturn in the past few years. In Brazil, the position of this industry has been continuously strengthened as the second largest industrial sector. Current circumstances are discussed, especially the need for increased innovation, the impacts of nanotechnology, biotechnology and information technologies. Some misconceptions on the Brazilian chemical industry are criticized and recent improvements are described, including those related to environmental protection, to conclude that its prospects are very good, considering both the availability of basic raw materials (oil, natural gas, agribusiness products and minerals), the growing demand and increased competitiveness.

Caracterização física, química e ecotoxicológica de efluente da indústria de fabricação de explosivos

The production and use of nitroaromatic explosives have resulted in their dissemination into the environment, where their presence in waterways and soil represents an ecological and health hazard. The hazardous characteristics of these compounds need to be carefully studied, so that the impact of their discharge on the environment can be better evaluated. This work presents the characterization of wastewater from Brazilian TNT industry using as analytical techniques mass spectroscopy, chromatography, toxicity assays and other physico-chemical analyses.

Composição química de um resíduo alcalino da indústria de papel e celulose (DREGS)

Dregs is an alkaline solid by-product generated in the cellulose manufacturing industry that could be used to correct soil acidity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of this product and some of its properties. The dregs presented 354 g kg-1 of calcium, neutralization capacity of 80.3%, and pH 10.7, besides low concentration of sodium (10.2 g kg-1), lead (62.9 mg kg-1) and cadmium (5.6 mg kg-1). Thus, it is a product that can safely be used to increase the soil pH.