Mudança do clima e os impactos na agricultura familiar no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil.

O ponto de partida deste estudo foi a consideração de cenários futuros da mudança do clima e as respectivas incertezas. As projeções globais disponíveis no Quinto Relatório de Avaliação do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) - AR5 foram apresentadas e comparadas com cenários regionais (downscalling), desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). O foco deu-se em dois cenários principais do IPCC (RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5) e também em dois principais modelos globais (MIROC e Hadley Centre) para os períodos de 2011-2040 e 2041-2070. O objetivo foi identificar as principais tendências em termos de mudanças na temperatura e na precipitação para as regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil ? mais especificamente nos biomas Amazônia, Semiárido e Cerrado ? escopo do estudo.

Aplicabilidad del plan de sostenibilidad ambiental de la Empresa Volkswagen

108 p.

Padronização e flexibilidade: proposta de um edifício tipo para uma escola técnica profissionalizante

Nowadays the acquisition of sustainable elements and concepts in construction has been increasingly discussed, improved and incorporated to buildings, since the sector directly interferes in the urban space and environment, representing environmental impact. In order to make a sustainable building (Green Building) it is vital to incorporate less damaging constructive practice, starting from the project until the operation of the enterprise, that means to consider an integrated process of conception, implementation, construction and operation. The more effective sustainable principles participation in architecture happens at the projecting step through minimal environment impact solutions. Among the issues varieties that goes with sustainability proposal of the buildings project, there were added to this work the elements that are directly attached to bioclimatic architecture, more specifically the climate variation, ventilation, lighting and sunlight, that directly affect the project conception. It is important to put in evidence that architecture role goes far beyond the simple activity of building spaces; it is the sequence of political, economic, social and cultural elements, having the users as the main apparatus to its materialization. Thereby this professional dissertation consists of an architecture draft for a professional and technological school in the Rio Grande do Norte State, this dissertation is based on the analysis of previous experience and the bioclimatic principles that implicate in building on hot and dry, hot and humid climates, and the use of strategic solutions that aim the optimization of natural light and ventilation

Propuesta ambiental con enfoque en la clasificación de residuos sólidos en la Liga de Ciclismo de Bogotá

53 p.

Uma metodologia para a análise do desempenho sustentável dos postos de revenda de combustível na cidade de Natal/RN, com o uso de data envelopment analysis-DEA

The increasing use of fossil fuels in line with cities demographic explosion carries out to huge environmental impact in society. For mitigate these social impacts, regulatory requirements have positively influenced the environmental consciousness of society, as well as, the strategic behavior of businesses. Along with this environmental awareness, the regulatory organs have conquered and formulated new laws to control potentially polluting activities, mostly in the gas stations sector. Seeking for increasing market competitiveness, this sector needs to quickly respond to internal and external pressures, adapting to the new standards required in a strategic way to get the Green Badge . Gas stations have incorporated new strategies to attract and retain new customers whom present increasingly social demand. In the social dimension, these projects help the local economy by generating jobs and income distribution. In this survey, the present research aims to align the social, economic and environmental dimensions to set the sustainable performance indicators at Gas Stations sector in the city of Natal/RN. The Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) framework was create with a set of indicators for mapping the production process of gas stations. This mapping aimed at identifying operational inefficiencies through multidimensional indicators. To carry out this research, was developed a system for evaluating the sustainability performance with application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through a quantitative method approach to detect system s efficiency level. In order to understand the systemic complexity, sub organizational processes were analyzed by the technique Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) figuring their micro activities to identify and diagnose the real causes of overall inefficiency. The sample size comprised 33 Gas stations and the conceptual model included 15 indicators distributed in the three dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental and economic. These three dimensions were measured by means of classical models DEA-CCR input oriented. To unify performance score of individual dimensions, was designed a unique grouping index based upon two means: arithmetic and weighted. After this, another analysis was performed to measure the four perspectives of SBSC: learning and growth, internal processes, customers, and financial, unifying, by averaging the performance scores. NDEA results showed that no company was assessed with excellence in sustainability performance. Some NDEA higher efficiency Gas Stations proved to be inefficient under certain perspectives of SBSC. In the sequence, a comparative sustainable performance and assessment analyzes among the gas station was done, enabling entrepreneurs evaluate their performance in the market competitors. Diagnoses were also obtained to support the decision making of entrepreneurs in improving the management of organizational resources and promote guidelines the regulators. Finally, the average index of sustainable performance was 69.42%, representing the efforts of the environmental suitability of the Gas station. This results point out a significant awareness of this segment, but it still needs further action to enhance sustainability in the long term

Diversidade de macroalgas marinhas bentônicas dos recifes de Maracajaú, área de preservação ambiental dos recifes de corais, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Despite the importance of coral reefs to humanity, these environments have been threatened throughout the world. Several factors contribute to the degradation of these ecosystems. The Maracajaú Reef Complex, in Rio Grande do Norte state is part of the Coral Reefs Environment Preservation Area in northeastern Brazil. This area has been receiving an increasing influx of tourism and the integrity of the local reefs is a matter of concern. In this study, the reef macroalgae communities were studied and compared within two areas distinguished by the presence or absence of tourism activities. Two sample sites were chosen: the first one, where diving activities are intense; and the other, where these practices do not occur. Samples were collected at both sites within a quadrate of 625 cm2 of area randomly thrown 5 times along a 10 meters transect line. Richness, Shannon-Hill diversity and Simpson dominance indices were determined based on biomass data. Similarity between sites was analyzed with Bray-Curtis similarity and distance index. Fifty-eight macroalgae species were observed, including 7 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta. In the non-disturbed site, 49 species were found, while at the disturbed site, there were 42 species. Dictyotaceae and Corallinaceae were the most representative families at the non-disturbed site, and Rhodomelaceae and Dictyotaceae at the disturbed site. The non-disturbed site presented a higher biomass and the greatest richness and diversity indices. In the disturbed site the dominance index was greater and Caulerpa racemosa was the dominant species. The dendogram based on similarity index showed two major clusters, and an isolated element at the center that corresponds to a sample from the disturbed site. In the first cluster, samples from the non-impacted site were predominant and fleshy brown algae were more conspicuous. The second cluster was composed primarily of samples from the impacted site, where C. racemosa and red filamentous and erect calcareous algae associations (turf forming) were observed covering large extensions. These associations are represented by groups of algae adapted to environments where disturbances are frequent. They can grow rapidly on substrate where benthic community was removed and do not allow the establishment of other species. The results of the present study show that tourism activity is an impacting factor that has been causing shifts in macroalgae communities in the Maracajaú Reef Complex

Relatos de violencia ambiental : el caso de Doña Juana

Investigación que identifica la contaminación ambiental que han experimentado las comunidades de Mochuelo Alto y Mochuelo Bajo a raíz de su convivencia con el basurero de Doña Juana (ubicado en la ciudad de Bogotá). Proyecto con enfoque cualitativo desarrollado a partir de una metodología de relatos de vida y perspectiva biográfica que describe la forma como las comunidades han hecho frente al sufrimiento ambiental y algunas de las implicaciones que conlleva la contaminación en sus relaciones sociales.

Estudo da qualidade da água em culturas de arroz irrigado com aplicação de herbicidas.

1997

Mapeamento do potencial de infiltração e escoamento superficial da água para a microbacia do Córrego Espraiado - Ribeirão Preto, SP.

Este trabalho apresenta o procedimento adotado para a geração de um mapa descrevendo o potencial de infiltração e escoamento superficial da água a partir de informações de solo e declividade do terreno, utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica - SIG. Este mapa e um passo intermediário de um método que vem sendo desenvolvido para a definição de áreas de risco de contaminação por agroquímicos, levando em consideração as propriedades dos produtos, características físicas locais e climáticas.

Sustentabilidade e qualidade do solo em propriedades de cana-de-açúcar orgânica e convencional.

A avaliação da qualidade do solo é uma importante estratégia, pois permite aos produtores direcionar técnicas agrícolas para melhorias constantes visando estabelecer e manter produtividades adequadas ao equilíbrio de um sistema auto-sustentável. Este trabalho avaliou o impacto ambiental das atividades rurais através do sistema APOIA-NovoRural, bem como a influência de diferentes sistemas de produção de cana-de-açúcar na qualidade do solo, através de atributos físicos, químicos e bioquímicos. Selecionou-se seis propriedades de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar para produção de cachaça, nos municípios de Piracicaba, Socorro, Jaguariúna, Holambra e Ribeirão Preto, no estado de São Paulo. Em cada propriedade estudou-se dois tratamentos, solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar sob sistema orgânico ou convencional e, solo sob mata nativa, tomado como referência. O APOIA-NovoRural indicou melhor performance ambiental no sistema orgânico em relação ao convencional, destacando-se as características da ecologia da paisagem e gestão e administração das propriedades. A maioria dos atributos indicou que o manejo realizado nas áreas sob cultivo orgânico contribuiu para a manutenção da qualidade do solo. Entre eles os parâmetros estabilidade de agregados (Ea), matéria orgânica (MO), desidrogenase (Des), polissacarídeo (Poli) e biomassa microbiana (Bm) destacam-se como sensíveis para indicar modificações no ecossistema. Os valores isolados não servem como indicadores precisos e confiáveis das condições do solo, no entanto, quando avaliados em conjunto, via Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), mostram-se sensíveis para captar as alterações ocorridas no ambiente devido às diferentes formas de uso do solo. Assim, os atributos selecionados podem fornecer subsídios para o planejamento do uso correto da terra.

Impacto potencial das mudanças climáticas sobre as doenças e o desenvolvimento da soja no Brasil.

2008

Impacto potencial das mudanças climáticas sobre as principais doenças de citros no estado de São Paulo.

2008

Impacto potencial das mudanças climáticas sobre o controle biológico de doenças de plantas.

2008

Impacto potencial das mudanças climáticas sobre o controle químico de doenças de plantas.

2008