La interacción en el inicio de la lectoescritura.

Analizar en el aula los procesos interactivos en las situaciones de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura que plantea la maestra. Estudiar el estilo educativo y la forma en que la maestra promueve la comunicación y el desarrollo de estrategias discursivas. Estudiar el proceso por el que los niños-as ajustan su actividad a las prácticas lectoescritoras propuestas por la maestra, apropiándose gradualmente de las estrategias discursivas que ésta les facilita. Se estudia a lo largo de dos cursos un grupo de alumnos-as de 3 a 5 años procedentes de un colegio concertado de Burgos capital, siendo n=21 en el primer curso y n=23 en el segundo. Partiendo de que la interacción entre iguales favorece la alfabetización, se graban a lo largo de 72 sesiones las actividades de lectoescritura de los niños-as de un aula de Educación Infantil, que previa entrevista, son agrupados trimestralmente en tríadas, homogéneas o heterogéneas, según su nivel de conceptualización de la lectoescritura. Las grabaciones, realizadas tanto en presencia como en ausencia de la maestra, son transcritas para ser analizadas mediante un sistema de categorías múltiple, con cinco dimensiones, organizadas en torno a las dos principales funciones del habla -comunicativa e intelectiva- como herramienta psicosocial del pensamiento. Confección del sistema categorial, codificación de datos, CODEX, SDIS-GSEQ, grabaciones en vídeo. Se puede afirmar que la maestra es coherente en su práctica con la perspectiva constructivista que adopta teóricamente; su estilo no directivo, fundamentalmente, incentiva la participación del alumnado mediante estrategias tales como las guías, aportaciones, retornos y demandas, que ha ido modificando según la dificultad de las tareas. Hay una progresiva especialización del discurso de los niños-as tendiendo a aumentar las estrategias específicas y a disminuir las generales que utilizan en las tareas más difíciles, proceso que conduce a una creciente autonomía. Los niños-as incrementan progresivamente su actividad argumentativa hacia los compañeros. Se produce una interiorización de algunas estrategias y su utilización depende del momento evolutivo en que se encuentren. Algunas habilidades discursivas requieren práctica conversacional para manifestarse con mayor frecuencia. Se concluye que la conversación en el aula tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre las habilidades de comunicación y de argumentación de los niños-as y sobre su capacidad para profundizar en el significado de la escritura.

Parchment codices in a new text of Galen

An article proposing that the recently discovered Peri Alupias of Galen contains important evidence about the adoption and use of the codex book form.

‘The Making of the Book’: Roy Fisher, the Circle Press and the poetics of book art

Between 1972 and 2001, the English late-modernist poet Roy Fisher provided the text for nine separate artist's books produced by Ron King at the Circle Press. Taken together, as Andrew Lambirth has written, the Fisher-King collaborations represent a sustained investigation of the various ways in which text and image can be integrated, breaking the mould of the codex or folio edition, and turning the book into a sculptural object. From the three-dimensional pop-up designs of Bluebeard's Castle (1973), each representing a part of the edifice (the portcullis, the armoury and so on), to ‘alphabet books’ such as The Half-Year Letters (1983), held in an ingenious french-folded concertina which can be stretched to over a metre long or compacted to a pocketbook, the project of these art books is to complicate their own bibliographic codes, and rethink what a book can be. Their folds and reduplications give a material form to the processes by which meanings are produced: from the discovery, in Top Down, Bottom Up (1990), of how to draw on both sides of the page at the same time, to the developments of The Left-Handed Punch (1987) and Anansi Company (1992), where the book becomes first a four-dimensional theatre space, in which a new version of Punch and Judy is played out by twelve articulated puppets, and then a location for characters that are self-contained and removable, in the form of thirteen hand-made wire and card rod-puppets. Finally, in Tabernacle (2001), a seven-drawer black wooden cabinet that stands foursquare like a sculpture (and sells to galleries and collectors for over three thousand pounds), the conception of the book and the material history of print are fully undone and reconstituted. This paper analyses how the King-Fisher art books work out their radically material poetics of the book; how their emphasis on collaboration, between artist and poet, image and text, and also book and reader – the construction of meaning becoming a co-implicated process – continuously challenges hierarchies and fixities in our conception of authorship; and how they re-think the status of poetic text and the construction of the book as material object.

Historiografisk metafiktion och faktion : Romantikens berättelse om den förstenade gruvdrängen Fet-Mats i två postmoderna versioner

Fet-Mats är den gruvdräng som omkom och försvann i en rasolycka i Falu koppargruva under 1670-talet och vars kropp upptäcktes välbevarad, med fortfarande ungdomligt utseende, mer än fyra årtionden senare 1719. Han igenkändes då av sin trolovade - nu en gammal gumma. På grund av den märkligt bibehållna kroppen och det hisnande ögonblick då den åldrade kvinnan återsåg sin ungdoms kärlek, blev Fet-Mats och hans historia snabbt känd, även internationellt. Den spreds under 1800- och 1900-talen i Europa som novell och poesi, dramatik och opera. Även idag berättas historien om Fet-Mats både utomlands och i Sverige. Intresset för historien är rentav i växande. Orsaken härtill är omdaningen under senare år av Falu gruva från storindustri till musealt världsarv, från malmbrytning till turistorienterad upplevelseindustri. Fet-Mats-berättelsen bildar centrum i denna upplevelseindustri. I mitt paper diskuteras detta förhållande samt den nutida Fet-Mats-epikens karakteristika i ett semiotiskt, narratologiskt och tematiskt perspektiv. Jag finner bl.a. att Fet-Mats-berättandet idag, på ett annat sätt än tidigare, äger en flermedial karaktär och formulerar det postmoderna tillståndets centrala tematik: representationens kris. Jag fokuserar särskilt på två berättelser med anknytning till Fet-Mats-motivet: Julian Barnes historiografiska metafiktion The Story of Mats Israelson (2004) och det dramadokumentära seriealbumet Fet-Mats: en gruvdrängs hemska öde (2005).

Concentrações de hormônio na carcaça de tilápias-do-nilo e maturação precoce após reversão sexual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mercury and DDT exposure risk to fish-eating human populations in Amazon

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

HACCP plan proposal for a typical Brazilian peanut processing company

Peanuts are likely to be infested by fungi with consequent contamination by aflatoxin in post-harvest industries. A hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) plan is proposed for a typical Brazilian post-harvest industry from raw in-shell reception to the unpeeled peanuts transportation. Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines were followed, with four critical control points (CCP) for aflatoxin being identified. The process steps with highest probability of aflatoxin occurrence (risk) are the in-shell reception, the dried in-shell storage, and the unpeeled kernel storage. During the storage steps there is a lack of control of air moisture and temperature. Therefore, there is no option but to keep rigid monitoring and control over each CCP, and detour lots with high aflatoxin levels to either oil or seed production. Attempts to correlate the aflatoxin levels with the rainfall showed an irregular trend of the toxin level. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

El principio precautorio en el derecho y la política internacional

Incluye Bibliografía

Avaliação da dose letal 'DL IND.50' oral e efeitos metabólicos da linamarina extraída de mandioca, em ratos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

A ictiologia na Amazônia brasileira de Diogo Nunes (1538) a Landi (1772): a visão dos viajantes e naturalistas que trataram de sua ictiofauna durante este período

Este trabalho visou reunir e disponibilizar informações sobre a ictiofauna da Amazônia segundo vários escritos do século XVI ao XVII. Consultaram-se, fontes documentais de várias bibliotecas e arquivos, e dos documentos selecionados procedeu-se à identificação taxonômica das espécies neles referidas. Também se fizeram observações com base nas referências textuais e iconográficas disponíveis, de forma a acrescentar informações consideradas de relevância zoológica. Constatou-se que, devido à definição então vigente do conceito de "peixe", um estudo da ictiologia do período precisaria incluir também informações sobre espécies de outros táxons aquáticos que não agnatos, elasmobrânquios e teleósteos. No início do período colonial, a idéia de peixe era generalizada simplesmente como pescado, e não havia muita preocupação em inventariar a ictiofauna do Novo Mundo. Mais tarde, alguns dos visitantes da região puseram-se a descrever e ilustrar a ictiofauna de maneira mais específica: nessa fase em que se dava mais detalhamento às espécies de peixes destacavam-se o texto atribuído ao Fr. Cristóvão de Lisboa (1625- 1631), o códice do arquiteto Antonio Giuseppe Landi (1772) e principalmente o manuscrito do Pe. João Daniel (1758-1776) — o qual se revelou um pioneiro do movimento conservacionista da Amazônia. Os visitantes que vieram à região careciam, no geral, de formação acadêmica específica e, servindo a funções várias alheias à Ciência, não seguiam uma metodologia que se pudesse chamar de científica. Devido ao fato de seus manuscritos não terem sido divulgados ou sequer impressos, por vários motivos, o conhecimento neles produzido não foi cumulativo ou analítico, e não teve influência significativa no desenvolvimento da Ictiologia. Por outro lado, os naturalistas que efetivamente não estiveram na Amazônia puderam trazer uma contribuição de maior impacto, consolidando o conhecimento obtido através principalmente da obra de Georg Marcgrave (1648) e de exemplares coletados nas possessões holandesas da América do Sul, e incluindo-o num grande sistema classificatório que mais tarde despertaria o interesse de outros cientistas em conhecer a ictiofauna amazônica.

Inspeção pós-morte de bovinos: ocorrência de alterações sanitárias no abate e respectivo impacto em relação ao mercado globalizado

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Caracterização química e legalidade em bebidas não alcoólicas de maçã

Apple is a fruit that offers promising prospect for industrialization as it has favorable characteristics for this purpose and can obtain products with good acceptance. In Brazil, approximately 15% of the production is processed into juice, and a portion is exported. Among the fresh fruit and juice, apple adds US$ 30 million annually to the Brazilian foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study was to characterize, using chemical analysis, concentrated juices, commercial apple juice, nectar, and soft drink. In addition, to compare them with their respective Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Concentrated juices and commercial beverages were analyzed in triplicate for soluble solids content (Brix), pH, total acidity (AT), and ratio. In concentrated juices, the Total Sugar Reducer (ART) was also assessed. The results obtained in the laboratory were compared with the PIQ and Codex Alimentarius to verify compliance with applicable regulations. Seven concentrate juices, five juices, six nectars, and three apple-flavoured soft drinks were analyzed. The Brix of pulpy and clarified concentrated juices were, respectively, 71.16±1.29 and 40.40±0.57°Brix. In all concentrated juices, the Brix was in accordance with Codex Alimentarius. The Brix and AT in sweetened clarified juices were 11.50±0.14°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100g sample. In pulpy whole juices the values ​​were 11.20±0.70°Brix and 0.30±0.06g of malic acid/100g sample. The values of Brix and AT in apple-flavoured soft drinks were 11.03±0.93°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100ml sample. Commercial juices and soft drinks also presented °Brix and AT in accord with the PIQ established by MAPA. The apple nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius. The definition of the PIQ is an important tool for quality control of beverages manufacture in Brazil. Therefore, it is recommended for the control agencies to define the parameters that are not established.

Análise fisico-química e legalidade em bebidas de laranja

The aim of this paper was to measure the total soluble solids content (°Brix), titrable total acidity (AT) and ratio in orange beverages, such as frozen concentrated juice, not from concentrate juice, nectar and soft drink and to compare them with their Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Four orange frozen concentrated juices, twenty two juices, seven nectars and thirteen orange soft drinks were analyzed. All frozen concentrated orange juices were in agreement with Codex Alimentarius. The majority of not from concentrated orange juices and soft drinks was in accord to Brazilian legislation. The orange nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius.

Correlations between Conjugation Length, Macromolecular Dynamics, and Photophysics of Phenylene-Vinylene/Aliphatic Multiblock Copolymers

This work reports a detailed spectroscopy study of a series of multiblock conjugated nonconjugated copolymers built by p-phenylene vinylene type units (PV) and octamethylene spacers, namely, poly(1,8-octanedioxy-2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene) (LaPPS18). The relative proportions of the PV and aliphatic segments were estimated on the basis of solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The overall structure was characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction; H-1 wide-line dipolar chemical shift correlation (DIPSHIFT), and centerband-only detection of exchange (CODEX) NMR data, that together with glass transition temperatures allowed us to identify the groups involved in the molecular dynamics. These different structural properties were used to explain the photoluminescence properties in terms of peak position and spectral profile