Avaliação do uso de resíduos de construção e demolição reciclados como corretivo da acidez do solo

A geração e o armazenamento de resíduos de construção civil e demolição (RCD) constituem-se em um problema ambiental, pois representam mais de 50 % do total de resíduos sólidos gerados nos médios e grandes centros urbanos. Porém, como o calcário é uma das principais matérias-primas utilizadas na fabricação do cimento e da cal hidratada e, consequentemente, de concretos, argamassas e reboques, a reciclagem desses materiais pode fornecer, em princípio, um subproduto com potencial para correção da acidez dos solos. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de resíduos de construção e demolição reciclados como corretivos de acidez do solo. Utilizaram-se RCD-R provenientes de concretos, argamassas e reboques (material cinza), que foram caracterizados inicialmente por fluorescência e difratometria de raios-X. O desempenho dos RCD-R cinza como corretivo de acidez foi avaliado pela produção de matéria seca da alfafa (Medicago sativa cv. Crioula) e pela medida dos atributos químicos do solo. Os resultados sugerem que os RCD-R cinza (origem de concretos) apresentam características interessantes para utilização como corretivos da acidez de solos, porém em concentrações superiores a 24 t ha-1, quando aplicados em área total.

Tratamento anaeróbio de resíduos orgânicos com baixa concentração de sólidos

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de reator anaeróbio compartimentado no tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos com baixa concentração de sólidos. O reator anaeróbio compartimentado possuía capacidade unitária de 2.200 litros, era dividido em seis câmaras de iguais dimensões e foi operado com tempo de retenção de sólidos de 90 dias. Os resíduos sólidos orgânicos utilizados para alimentação do reator eram constituídos de resíduos sólidos vegetais e de lodo de esgoto sanitário na proporção de 80% e 20%, respectivamente. A mistura desses dois tipos de resíduos originava o substrato, o qual, após a correção da umidade para 95% (percentagem em massa), era alimentado ao reator. A eficiência de redução de material carbonáceo situou-se em torno de 80%, com carga orgânica aplicada de 9,3 kg R SO m-3 dia-1. A taxa de produção de biogás obtida foi de 5,6 L kg-1substrato (base úmida), com percentagem em volume de 50% de gás metano.

Um método de modelagem de um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade para gestão dos recursos hídricos-MISGERH : o caso da bacia dos Sinos

Um dos debates dentro a temática ambiental concentra-se sobre o desenvolvimento de indicadores de sustentabilidade para monitorar, mensurar e avaliar a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver um método de modelagem de um sistema de indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade do sistema dos recursos hídricos, propiciando a participação dos atores sociais e visando ter maior conhecimento do problema e legitimidade do processo da gestão dos recursos hídricos numa bacia hidrográfica. Para tal, adotou-se o paradigma construtivista e foram abordados três temas: gestão ambiental, sistemas de apoio à decisão e indicadores de sustentabilidade. Esta metodologia foi aplicada, através de um estudo de caso, na bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos. A proposta do sistema de indicadores congrega duas áreas de interesse: a primeira, na perspectiva dos objetivos privados - a sustentabilidade como fluxo de bens e serviços, que contempla 8 Clusters: abastecimento público, abastecimento industrial, irrigação, criação de animais, geração de energia elétrica, navegação, aquicultura, turismo e recreação; a segunda, na perspectiva dos interesses públicos - a sustentabilidade como estoque dos recursos hídricos, que contempla 4 Clusters: regime hidrológico, qualidade da água, estrutura "habitat", resíduos sólidos. Em suma, foram definidos um total de 238 indicadores básicos, alguns deles (88 indicadores) são partilhados entre os Clusters, mostrando a interação dos indicadores e dependência entre os Clusters setoriais do sistema de recursos hídricos. Em termos gerais, recomenda-se empregar esse método se o interesse for, além do resultado, sendo a proposta de um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade, também do processo de participação dos atores envolvidos para compreender a problemática dos recursos hídricos. Assim, a modelagem de um sistema de indicadores será feita sob as inter-relações da ciência, política e os valores e objetivos dos atores sociais.

e-Resíduos: A influência da norma européia WEEE na estratégia da indústria de celulares no Brasil e no mundo e o impacto ambiental do descarte inadequado

This present Thesis, is explorer work and presents an analysis of e-wastes of the industry of cellular mobile telephony, evaluating the evolution of the telecommunications nets and as if it holds the global and Brazilian market of cellular telephony. It approaches the elements gifts in the cellular devices that can badly cause to the environment and the health, the discarding of the devices in end of life cycle is made. It analyzes the new European regulation of electric equipment residues and electronic, the WEEE, as it influenced the strategy of the companies manufacturers of mobile phone cellular and of that she forms is possible to create a Brazilian national industry for recycling of devices of cellular, with conditions to globally competition. For this some possible models of being implanted in Brazil are presented. The project of law 203/91 on solid residues is argued and as it would be interesting if to persist some proposals presented to the project, to create a Brazilian market of recycling with capacity of global competition for use to advantage of the European regulation if to get a competitive advantage

Sistema de gestão ambiental na produção de água mineral

It s more and more evident the subject of the shortage of water, worsened by the accelerated urbanization, growth of the population, increase of the demand and of the costs of its treatment, factors that are also tied up to the increase of the consumption of mineral waters, whose chemical composition or physical-chemistries characteristics do with that are considered beneficial to the health. The growth accelerated all over the world in its consumption aims the concern with the waters quality, the health and the incentive to the consumption of natural products. However, in spite of quite valuable, that resource is explored, most of the time, without optimization of production or actions that avoid wastefulness. This research is justified for the need of minimizing the negative environmental impacts caused by the mineral water s production, mainly in what it say about the generation of effluents and wastes in the productive process, through the study, development and application of cleaner production tools for the environmental management, pertinent for that section. The applicability of Environmental Management System was determined by means of the characterization of the environmental aspects of productive process in a company of the section, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and of the discussion of the panoramas that demonstrate the tendency for a sustainable development. Actions as a reforestation, optimization of energy and water uses, recycle of solid residues and water reuse were applied during the research, resulting in the considerable reduction of wastes of raw materials and inputs and consequent environmental and economic won. A specific methodology was proposed with concepts of Environmental Management, integrating with Quality Management. As foundations for the elaboration of the methodology, it was realized a similarity analysis among the systems and, mainly, an analysis of the experiences observed in the case study, including specificities, needs and difficulties of the company. With these results, the implantation of a EMS as a company strategy has environmental, economic and social benefits, and this research can be applied and adequate to others companies and sectors

Estratégia pública de gestão ambiental :uma contribuição para a realização de eventos públicos

The present study is included in the environmental international theme, approaching the search for the environmental conformity in public events. It describes the main environmental impacts, objects of the study Sound Disturbances, implications concerning the increase in the Volume of Traffic and in the volume of Solid Residues generated in the surroundings of the event. The methodology used consists of the report of the case study of the festivity called Carnatal, held in Natal/RN, in December of 2001. As a work method, it was used a quantitative evaluation of the sound intensity level, according to the effective legislation, an electronic count of volume of traffic and an evaluation of the productive performance of the means of production of public urban sanitation company used in the event. The results pinpoint the recognition of the impacts generated by the event and the proposition of a Program of Environmental Management, aiming at, in addition to the establishment of the instruments and goals for the mitigation of the impacts, defining the role of the social actors in the search for the environmental conformity of festivities

Analise SWOT do gerenciamento de resíduos do coco verde em duas agroindústrias do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

In the current conjuncture, the environmental factor has been changing the position of companies that are practicing or minimally adopting environmental management. Such tool has been used by companies to face the problems caused by solid waste, in particular green coconut waste, which is constantly among the material discarded by society (companies/ consumer). It is a typical tropical fruit whose fresh water is very benefic for human health, and its popularization has caused a progressive increase of its consumption. Following this stream of thought, this present work came up with an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities SWOT analysis on green coconut solid waste management at two agribusiness companies in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, aiming to know the challenges and the potentials of this kind of waste. According to the approach of the problem, this work fits a descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative research. The data collection was obtained by a questionnaire and a structured interview, in order to evaluate the strategic posture of agribusiness companies through SWOT analysis, which is an English acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The SWOT analysis is an effective tool to analyze the internal and external environment of an organization. This tool contributes to locate the company at the environment in question and when well applied it enables the detection of mistakes, the strengthening of correct procedures, the avoidance of threats, and the bet on opportunities. The studied agribusiness industries have very similar profiles, such as a long business life span, and a strategy that extends the useful life of the fruit, by using its waste for the manufacturing of new subproducts. In both, the daily quantity of waste resulted of this process reaches approximately 20 thousand units of the fruit in high season, being necessary a focus directed at use and/or treatment of these waste. Further to SWOT analysis, it was ascertained that the agribusiness company A works through a defensive marketing strategy and acts vulnerably, in other words, unable of acting before this market segment, for it has decided to stop using the waste due to a lack of equipment and technology. On the other hand, the agribusiness company B has incorporated an offensive marketing strategy because even not possessing equipments, technology, and appropriated internal installations, it still insists on use and benefits of green coconut waste in its agribusiness. Thus, it is considered that the potential of green coconut waste management for the production of several subproducts reduces the impacts produced by inappropriate placement and generates profits in a short, medium and long term. Such profits being tangible and intangible, as the interest for sustainability actions is not only a matter of obtaining return on capital, but it is an important question in order to move on into business, since it is not enough to have quality on products and process nowadays. It is necessary to establish socio-environmental practices aiming the image of the company as the prevailing role on consumers buying decision

Análise da salubridade do meio urbano com base na utilização de índices ambientais: aplicação na bacia de drenagem XII da cidade do Natal-RN

The growing accumulation of people in urban centers caused chronic problems of the cities to begin to take an increasingly unsustainable. Primarily related to lack of infrastructure coupled with sanitation and lack of investment in critical sectors such as health, education, housing and transportation, these problems start to deteriorate markedly the quality of life of city dwellers and put into test management policies of the spaces urbanized. To reverse this situation, shows is essential to the use of tools (highlighting this harvest rates and environmental indicators) that help in assessing the current conditions and may assist in predicting future scenarios. From the information listed above, now put the research seeks to present an index called ISBA Environmental (Sanitation Index) which looks at the four urban systems (water, sewer, solid waste and urban drainage) from the viewpoint of application in a geographical cutout specific - in this case the Drainage Basin XII, defined by the Plan of Urban Drainage Stormwater in the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte. This index, together with analysis of other factors sought to trace the current conditions of the basin and thus, assist in proposing the best solutions. For the preparation of the index was applied a questionnaire with a sample of 384 (three hundred eighty-four) households that aimed to study two variables: access to services and satisfaction of the population in relation to these. The ISBA has shown that the system is the most deficient collection and disposal of effluents (ICE = 47.66%), followed by the drainage of rainwater (IDAP = 54.17%), water supply (AAI = 61, 36) and solid waste collection (IRS = 78.28). With the ISBA was possible to verify that the qualitative data shows whose subjectivity is evident (as is the case of user satisfaction) can be of great importance when an assessment, since we obtained the correlation coefficient between the variables "Access" and " Satisfaction "equal to 0.8234, showing a strong correlation between the existence / quality of service offered and the impressions of the population that receives them

Microcrédito y gestión de servicios ambientales urbanos: casos de gestión de residuos sólidos en Argentina

Incluye Bibliografía

Espécies vegetais de cobertura e resíduos industriais e urbanos na cultura da soja em sistema de semeadura direta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resíduos gerados nos laboratórios do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI), campus Teresina Central

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Deposições irregulares de resíduos da construção civil na cidade de Parnaíba - PI

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Estudo da viabilidade de uma gestão ambiental de pilhas no campus da Unesp de Rio Claro

When exhausted, the batteries are classified as hazardous waste because it has potentially toxic heavy metals and bio-accumulators, such as mercury, cadmium and lead in their internal composition functional. Due to the high level of danger, such waste should be properly designed to not allow theses chemical components to cause significant impacts on the environment. Thus, the recycling of waste in question is the best destination. In this context, was wanted to know, through a questionnaire in interview format, how the graduates of the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho of Rio Claro / SP are involved with this environmental issue. Since then, has been developed and implemented an environmental management for internal batteries

Gestão ambiental na produção avícola: estudo de caso

The present study addresses the application of the Environmental Management System in chicken production on a farm owned by the Nardo brothers, located in the city of Guapiaçu/SP (Brazil). The objectives were to analyze the process of solid waste generation, destination and forms of treatment in this activity; propose measures to reduce the use of potable water for non-potable ends; determine other measures identified through a questionnaire drafted by Embrapa (Brazilian Agriculture Research Cooperative) and administered to employees who have direct involvement in the productive process; pay visits to chicken production enterprises; and employ the guidelines proposed by the National Fowl-Breeding Sanitation Program that guide the application of the Environmental Management System. Adequate management of waste was put into effect through the construction of a compost shed capable of meeting current production demands, in which all procedures were accompanied – from civil construction to the commercialization process of the organic fertilizer generated. The rain-gathering system for the roofs of the pens proposed to reduce the consumption of potable ground water destined for washing the floors of the pens was completely dimensioned and budgeted, allowing the motivated owners to place the project into effect in a timely fashion. Other simpler but no less important proposals were also made in order to bring the production up to the required quality standards.

Diagnóstico dos resíduos gerados nas oficinas mecânicas de veículos automotivos do município de São Carlos-SP

The mechanical garages do varied types to activities related to the reparation from vehicles such as change from Motor oil, change and cleaning from car pieces, motor rectification, among others. These activities generate different kinds of waste and wastewater that when disposed in an inappropriate way can pollute the environmentand cause risks to the public health. Despite the environmental issues that involves these enterprises, they aren´t object of environmental licensing and there are any rules that regularizes their activities with the goal of these possible environmental impacts mitigation. The environmental diagnosis proposed by the present work has as goal the knowledge of the possible environmental aspects and their effects in the environment, for establishing control measures and from that to generate subsidy for environmental normatization of the sector in the municipal level. Furthermore, it should also define practices as waste production reduction, separation of them at the generator source and convenient final disposal, as well as wastewater production reduction and treatment of them before its launching in the wastewater network. The environmental diagnosis was based on a survey realized in garages from the city of São Carlos – SP, in order to define the more important characteristics of this activity that are related to the environment and public health. From the obtained information from the survey and the interpretation of the data, subsidy for the municipal environment management of the mechanical garages were generated.