Diagn��stico da qualidade ambiental nas ��reas verdes p��blicas em Presidente Prudente (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Comportamento de sistemas de informa����es geogr��ficas por meio de classifica����o supervisionada em diferentes bacias hidrogr��ficas

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Planejamento e zoneamento ambiental da bacia hidrogr��fica do manancial Balne��rio da Amizade nos munic��pios de ��lvares Machado e Presidente Prudente - S��o Paulo/Brasil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Mapeamento de ocorr��ncias de eventos perigosos no munic��pio de Santos SP: integra����o com dados de vulnerabilidade socioambiental

This study is based on the mapping of occurrences associated with social vulnerability and natural risks, which refer to the resilience of populations and territories, regarding natural hazards associated with the functioning of natural systems (eg, earthquakes, flood, mass movements). According to UNISDR (2014), the state of S��o Paulo is a reference in working with Urban Resilience and Disaster in the Resilient Cities Campaign (2014), considering the high investment in Risk Areas Mapping and Public Education Campaigns implemented by the Civil Defense. Thus, this study aims to mapping the occurrence of events related to Tree Falls, Erosion, Landslides, Irregular Housing, Rocky Blocks Falls, Wall Falls, Unroofing and Irregular Construction, attended by the Civil Defense in the city of Santos, S��o Paulo State, from 2011 to 2014. Thereafter, correlated analyzes to the Environmental Vulnerabilities were generated. The Environmental Vulnerability databases used in this dissertation compose the results of the CNPQ Project - Environmental Vulnerability Mapping of the State of Sao Paulo - Brazil: a methodological contribution of Freitas (2013) and Bortolettoet al (2014), with information collected from the 2010 Census (IBGE, 2010), on a census sectors scale. The adopted methodological procedure involves document analysis followed by data integration in Geographic Information System, through algorithms analysis and mapscrossing.The results obtained in Maps of Social and Environmental Vulnerability Occurrences presented areas of High or Very High Vulnerability. The main variables obtained with such characteristics are Irregular Housing, Landslides and Rocky Blocks Falls, which was associated with hilly terrain formations, with slopes above 30%. To the areas of Medium, Low and Very Low Vulnerability were associated the variables Tree Falls, Wall Falls, Erosion, Unroofing and Irregular Construction, which are spatially distributed without an...

Utiliza����o de SIG na sistematiza����o de ocorr��ncias de trauma no SAMU-192 das cidades de Feira de Santana BA e Rio Claro SP

Considering current technological progresses, they prove to be useful tools to be increasingly exploited in order to meet the population's needs. Generally, in Brazil, the Mobile Emergency Services (SAMU) tend to be limited to the management of incidents, which undermines the efficiency of these bodies. In this context, this final dissertation aims to present the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the SAMU in the cities of Feira de Santana BA and Rio Claro SP, integrating occurrences data related to trauma by cold weapon injuries, injury by gun, and assaults, in the period 2012-2013, as well as census data. The study was developed in stages that included obtaining data related to trauma events linked to urban violence, and statistical Census data (2010), provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Regarding the GIS, the free software Quantum GIS (QGIS) was adopted for processing and spatializing data, assuming the districts as units of study, in the urban area of the cities analyzed. The resulting research products were presented in thematic maps format, which conducted to a comparative analysis of the occurrences related to traumas. The achieved results were satisfactory, and a database in GIS was developed, integrating occurrences data by Cold Weapon Injuries (FAB), Injury by Gun (FAF) and Assaults with census data, allowing the proper use and update of the system. Making a comparative analysis between the two cities, it was possible to establish that Rio Claro presents more occurrences when it comes to FAF, FAB and Aggression recorded at SAMU per 100,000 inhabitants than Feira de Santana. Thus, although Rio Claro's population is about three times smaller than Feira de Santana's, it can be said that Rio Claro is a more violent city, considering the factors analyzed. It is possible to infer that the use of GIS applied to the SAMU in medium-sized cities is feasible, and it has the advantage...

Framework para integra����o sem��ntica de dados geoespaciais: integra����o de dados geol��gicos

P��s-gradua����o em Ci��ncia da Computa����o - IBILCE

Mapping for environmental planning the basin of C��rrego Rico, S��o Paulo

The landuse is usually an human phenomenon that occurs over the years, due to population increase. The territorial knowledge is needed, and is the first step for environmental planning to implement conservation practices on agricultural production system. This study aimed to develop thematic maps as: hydrography, soil, slope, land use, and subbasins to obtain the main geomorphic morphometric data (physical) of the C��rrego Rico Watershed. The techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system were used to elaborate the maps and for calculating the geomorphological data, as area, altitude and length of the drainage net, which were submitted to multivariate statistics. The C��rrego Rico Watershed has an area of 563 km2 . The predominant slopes were 3-8%, with 55.3% of the total area; and the main use was sugar cane. The soils that predominate in the area are Oxisols towards the Mogi-Gua���� river mouth and Ultisols at the upstream of the basin.

Spatial distribution of runoff depth from a watershed located in a cuesta relief area of S��o Paulo State, Brazil

This study was undertaken in a 1566 ha drainage basin situated in an area with cuesta relief in the state of S��o Paulo, Brazil. The objectives were: 1) to map the maximum potential soil water retention capacity, and 2) to simulate the depth of surface runoff in each geographical position of the area based on a typical rainfall event. The database required for the development of this research was generated in the environment of the geographical information system ArcInfo v.10.1. Undeformed soil samples were collected at 69 points. The ordinary kriging method was used in the interpolation of the values of soil density and maximum potential soil water retention capacity. The spherical model allowed for better adjustment of the semivariograms corresponding to the two soil attributes for the depth of 0 to 20 cm, while the Gaussian model enabled a better fit of the spatial behavior of the two variables for the depth of 20 to 40 cm. The simulation of the spatial distribution revealed a gradual increase in the depth of surface runoff for the rainfall event taken as example (25 mm) from the reverse to the peripheral depression of the cuesta (from west to east). There is a positive aspect observed in the gradient, since the sites of highest declivity, especially those at the front of the cuesta, are closer to the western boundary of the watershed where the lowest depths of runoff occur. This behavior, in conjunction with certain values of erodibility and depending on the land use and cover, can help mitigate the soil erosion processes in these areas.

Cultivo da cana-de-a����car e o uso do solo em ��reas de preserva����o permanente

This study aimed to recognize the significant temporal changes in land use between 1984 and 2008 in Barra Bonita City/ SP and to analyze the conflicts of land use in permanent preservation areas (PPA) with reference to the Forest Code and Resolution N. 303/2002 of CONAMA. The GIS Idrisi Andes 5.0 ��� geographic information system was used and the images were processed by LANDSAT TM5. Maps of land use were obtained by Maxver supervised classification and showed that in 1984 the area occupied by sugar cane crop was about 10.50 ha (70%) in 1984 and 10.90 ha in 2008. In analysis of conflicts about land use in permanent preservation areas showed that in 24 years the sugar-cane crops increased 3.6% on PPA. The occupation was represented by adequate forest of 279.25 ha (31.5% of total) in 1984. In 2008, the sugar-cane crop was the biggest conflict in PPA occupying 357.9 ha and 11.4% corresponds to areas in preparation for use. This year, 59.5% of total PPA is at odds with environmental legislation.

Medi����es de ��reas por fotografias a��reas, em escala nominal, comparadas com a ��rea obtida em fotografias com escalas corrigidas por meio de um SIG

Land use management has becoming a very important activity. Aerial photo interpretation is a basic resource and constitutes in a technique which enables infinite refining. Agricultural development and land use require a careful initial planning in order not only to protect them against superficial changing provoked by natural phenomenon but also to gradually develop its productive capacity. For the efficiency of land management, it is necessary to access correct and detailed information which can be available through aerial images of remote sensing. The use of vertical aerial photography through Remote Sensing has become more common in boundary survey projects, management and exploration, mainly because it substitutes, with lots of advantage, for cartographic bases, besides offering detailed characteristics, eliminating access difficulties in inaccessible areas, as well as facilitating a tridimensional view once it increases map efficiency and accuracy by combining field and laboratory work with photography interpretation. This work, using panchromatic aerial photography in nominal scale 1:25000 (1962), 1:45000 (1977) , and approximate nominal scale of 1:30.000, originating from aerial survey obtained in 2005, aimed at showing through the Geographic Information System (GIS) the possibility of developing a more complete and accurate analysis of the area values, obtained directly from photos without scale correction, and after comparing it with area values obtained from aerial photography with correct scale referred in IGC (Brazilian Cartography and Geography Institute) guidelines, resulting in an error coefficient which shows area differences through two proposed study. Considering the aerial photography in three different years: 1962, 1977 and 2005 it is possible to affirm that the 2005���s images presented lower values of area difference (43, 48 square meters) than determined area values in reference chart and the 2005���s colored images has facilitated the photo interpretation of the landscape, becoming accurate the confronting traces and among land owners and consequently offering precision during land marking.

Acompanhamento da din��mica do uso do solo em uma bacia hidrogr��fica no Munic��pio de Botucatu (SP) por meio de geotecnologia

The increasing expansion of agricultural activities, without considering the potential and limitations of soils is a potential source of environmental degradation. Thus, the present study assessed the variation of use and occupation in 49 years, between 1962 and 2011 scenarios of watershed of S��o Caetano - Botucatu (SP). geoprocessing techniques were used in this study. In a Geographic Information System (GIS) - IDRISI ��� it was integrated information from IBGE digital cards, scale 1:50,000, plus aerial photographs (1962) and satellite images LANDSAT - 5 (2011). In the study area, we can view the progress of the urban area, which in 1962 was not present in the watershed. In 2011, the urban area occupied 21.37% of the total area. Even with this breakthrough occurring in the period of 49 years, there was an increase in the area of natural vegetation, which once occupied only 12.33% of the area (1962), and in 2011 represents 25% of the total area of the watershed, showing an increase in awareness on the importance of preserving nature. Thus, we can conclude that the analysis tools based on GIS enabled us to analyze variations in space and time and to propose alternatives to the correct use and occupation of land.

Adequabilidade das ��reas de vegeta����o rip��ria da microbacia do C��rrego Comur - Botucatu (SP) em fun����o da legisla����o ambiental

The inadequate soil use is an aggravating factor of the environmental degradation and ecological unbalance. The analysis of the use and covering of the soil, by information of Remote Sensing, constitutes a technique of great usefulness to the planning and administration of the ordered occupation and rational of the physical middle, besides making possible to evaluate and to monitor the preservation of areas of natural vegetation. This work sought to evaluate the conflicts of soil use in permanent preservation areas (PPA) in Stream Comur watershed - Botucatu (SP) through Geographical Information System and satellite image of 2009. The study area is located among the geographical coordinates 48o 23��� 04��� to 48o 25��� 54��� of longitude WGr. and 22o 44��� 42��� to 22o 48��� 12��� of latitude S with an area of 1,719.6 ha. The results allowed to verify that the geoprocessing techniques were of fundamental importance in the identification of the areas of soil use, of APP and of conflicts among use and PPA where it leaves of the areas of APP is being used inadequately. In terms of environmental sustainability, it can be deduced that the watershed is very unfavorable, once it presents 70.67% of area used inadequately with sugarcane and pasture.

Geoprocessamento aplicado na caracteriza����o morfom��trica da microbacia do Ribeir��o Descalvado - Botucatu (SP)

The objective of this study was to evaluate geoprocessing to morphometrically characterize the Ribeir��o Descalvado micro watershed ��� Botucatu, SP by the Geographic Information System (GIS) ��� Selva for preservation, rationalization of its use and environmental restoration. The micro watershed is 2,228.61 ha between the geographic coordinates: 22�� 50' 05" to 22�� 54' 26" latitude S and 48�� 22' 29" to 48�� 26' 36" longitude W Gr. The cartographic basis was the planialtimetric chart of Botucatu (SP), 1: 50000 scale (IBGE, 1969), used for extraction of level, hydrography and topography curves to determine morphometric indices. The results showed that low values of drainage density associated with the presence of permeable rocks facilitates ground water infiltration which decreases surface runoff, erosion risks and environmental degradation. The low value of the shape factor supported by the circularity index shows that the micro watershed is more elongated and at lower risk of more pronounced floods. The roughness coefficient environmental parameter classified the micro watershed for forest and reforestation.

An��lise multicriterial aplicado na defini����o de ��reas priorit��rias ao uso agr��cola da terra da bacia do Rio Capivara, Botucatu, SP

The use of geographic information systems (GIS), combined with advanced analysis technique, enables the standardization and data integration, which are usually from different sources, allowing you to conduct a joint evaluation of the same, providing more efficiency and reliability in the decision-making process to promote the adequacy of land use. This study aimed to analyze the priority areas of the basin agricultural use of the Capivara River, Botucatu, SP, through multicriterial analysis, aiming at conservation of water resources. The results showed that the Geographic Information System Idrisi Selva combined with advanced analysis technique and the weighted linear combination method proved to be an effective tool in the combination of different criteria, allowing the determination of the adequacy of agricultural land use less subjective way. Environmental criteria were shown to be suitable for the combination and multi-criteria analysis, allowing the preparation of the statement of suitability classes for agricultural use and can be useful for regional planning and decision-making by public bodies and environmental agents because the method takes into account the rational use of land and allowing the conservation of hydrics resources.

Aplica����o de an��lise multicriterial para determina����o de ��reas priorit��rias �� recomposi����o florestal

Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and taking into account its capability to analyze spatial data, a database of updated spatial data from the sub-basin of the Descalvado stream, Botucatu, SP, was developed to provide an evaluation and diagnosis of the area concerning land use and the degradation processes therein. Through GIS, priority areas for forest recovery were defined by Multicriteria Evaluation and using the Ordered Weighted Average method. The latter allows the decision maker to define the area to be recovered, facing limitation of resources, among one of the proposed scenarios, or do it in stages. The study showed that there are accelerated erosion processes in the headwaters of the springs of water bodies; there is also fragmentation of native vegetation, especially in hillside areas, and little presence of native vegetation in riparian areas. The application of the multicriteria analysis using the Ordered Weighted Average was important as it systematized and discriminated scenarios of priority for forest recovery.