877 resultados para Geografia comercial - Brasil


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O captopril foi o primeiro agente desenvolvido para o tratamento da hipertensão, doença que acomete grande parte da população adulta mundial, a qual requer cuidados especiais quanto à farmacoterapia e ajuste de doses. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de comprimidos de captopril 50 mg comercializados no Brasil através da realização da equivalência farmacêutica entre duas marcas de comprimidos não revestidos de captopril 50 mg (um genérico G e um similar S) em relação ao medicamento referência (R) Capoten® Bristol Myers Squibb 50 mg, utilizando os requisitos descritos na monografia individual do fármaco da Farmacopeia Brasileira e da Farmacopeia Americana. Medicamentos referência são produtos inovadores, cuja eficácia, segurança e qualidade foram comprovadas cientificamente; os chamados similares são os que contêm as mesmas substâncias ativas, mesma concentração, forma farmacêutica, via de administração, posologia e indicação terapêutica do medicamento de referência e são identificados por nome comercial ou por sua marca; os medicamentos genéricos são intercambiáveis com o produto referência e, geralmente, são produzido após a expiração ou renúncia da proteção patentária do mesmo, ele deve ser designado pela DCB (Denominação Comum Brasileira) ou, na ausência desta, pela DCI (Denominação Comum Internacional). Os dois medicamentos analisados, medicamento similar e medicamento genérico, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quanto à determinação de peso médio, resistência mecânica e tempo de desintegração dos comprimidos, identificação, doseamento, limite de dissulfeto de captopril, uniformidade de doses unitárias, teste de dissolução e perfil de dissolução do fármaco, com relação ao seu medicamento referência correspondente, ou seja, estes são equivalentes farmacêuticos e apresentam qualidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Corporative media, represented by TV, radio, press and internet conglomerates, is responsible for the biggest portion of audience and public all over the world. The commercial media was built upon media concentration and monopoly strategies and this business aims society’s economic and political control. Unfortunately, they don’t represent the biggest portion of population’s interests and, because of that, corporative media faces a crisis moment while alternative means of communication rise from the initiative of professionals who are committed to society’s marginalized sectors. Radical media intends to express a variant vision about hegemonic policies, priorities and perspectives. Citizen journalism is one of radical media arms and this research proposition is to analyze the business model of commercial media in Brazil and in the world, its means of production, and compare them with citizen journalism methods. This work also intends to analyze radical media and how it is opposite to corporative media by studying Escola de Notícias, an educommunication project from São Paulo

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This research sought to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and its effect on water dynamics on a regional basis, taking into account the pace of climate paradigm. The study area covers the entire river basin of the Itajai and its surroundings understood, roughly, between parallels 26° and 28° south latitude and 48° and 50° 30' west longitude, place of constant heavy rains and floods. In this region, pluviometric and fluviometric data were obtained, the variables of rainfall and water flow, which were compiled and analyzed using spreadsheets in order to get the series with more homogeneous data as possible for good analysis, the period between 1953 and 1982. This historical period has passed in principle by an analysis which sought to highlight the variability and distribution of rainfall and water flow in the basin-level annual, techniques which were used that allowed the choice of standard year representative (rainy, dry , usual) series. These obtained years (1957, 1968 and 1971, respectively) underwent a detailed analysis on the monthly level, providing good interpretation of the dynamic behavior of rain associated with dynamic water flow for these representative years

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A Copa do Mundo de futebol é uma das maiores comemorações esportivas mundiais o que lhe confere o status de megaevento esportivo. Em 2014, o Brasil sediará essa competição, no entanto, ainda existem vários pontos que devem ser investigados para se compreender melhor esse megaevento para o desenvolvimento do País. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as vantagens e desvantagens da realização da Copa do Mundo de Futebol no Brasil em 2014, a partir do discurso da mídia. A metodologia qualitativa buscou analisar as notícias veiculadas pelo jornal Folha.com que é acompanhado via internet, no período que compreendeu os meses de Janeiro, Fevereiro e Março do ano de 2011. Foram coletadas 96 notícias que versavam sobre a Copa do Mundo 2014. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que 36,45% das notícias designaram-se como vantagens no âmbito da realização da Copa do Mundo no Brasil. Já as notícias que foram analisadas com pontos de destaque desvantajosos atingiram a marca de 56,25%. Foi observada uma diferença mínima nos pontos de destaque, pois enquanto as vantagens chegaram a 15 pontos, as desvantagens perfizeram 16 pontos de destaque demonstrando que a mídia aponta tanto para os aspectos positivos como negativos da realização da Copa no país. Dentre os principais aspectos positivos da realização da Copa no Brasil estão uma melhor visibilidade do País para o mundo e uma conseqüente expansão comercial do próprio território brasileiro, além da geração de empregos e melhoria na infra estrutura física do Brasil, desde construção de estádios até melhorias no transporte e aeroportos brasileiros. Aliado a tudo isso estão a expansão do turismo nacional e um forte aquecimento da economia, culminando com os legados que ficarão para o Brasil. Dentre os principais aspectos negativos estão os atrasos e...(Resumo complet, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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A questão agrária é da essência do modo capitalista de produção. A existência ou não do campesinato nesse modo de produção é justamente o cerne da discussão. A questão agrária pode ser interpretada de diferentes formas, por meio de correntes teóricas ou até mesmo paradigmas, como o caso do Paradigma da questão Agrária e o Paradigma do Capitalismo Agrário. Neste trabalho procuro defender a ideia de que a questão agrária é um problema estrutural do capitalismo, atualizada conjunturalmente por diferentes elementos, sejam eles de cunho social, político ou econômico. Um destes elementos, destacado nesta pesquisa, é justamente a luta pela terra em escala nacional e regional. A criação e recriação do campesinato no Brasil tem se dado, principalmente, a partir da luta pela terra, materializada em ocupações, acampamentos e, conseqüente, criação de assentamentos rurais. Em escala nacional, discuto a diminuição das ocupações de terra e de novos acampamentos nos últimos anos, com o intuito de compreender as possíveis causas. Já, em escala regional, no Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, algumas mudanças no que diz respeito à mobilização das famílias semterra e a esporacidade da vida nos acampamentos são apresentadas a fim de colaborar com a discussão sobre a dinâmica, contemporaneidade e perspectiva da luta pela terra

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Understanding the territorial transformations is important to the geographic knowledge, especially when it is related to structural questions as agrarian one. In this way, the land acquisition to agrarian reform enables us to understand some of these transformations, represented by territorialization of landless workers in rural settlements, that are concrete results of the struggle for land that boost the policies of agrarian reform in our country. The renewal of the agrarian structure is fundamental to the concept of land reform and also provides that advances social, political, cultural, economic, etc. Classified as a country with rates of the highest land concentration in the world, Brazilian government attempts to base his actions to take in the expropriation of land the main character of the land reform. However, new policies have been gradually used to obtaining the rural settlements, in a process that Fernandes (2010) called the reconceptualization of land reform. Starting in 1985, Brazil has 63% of the beneficiaries of land reform policies settled on expropriated land, the rest is a result of incorporation policies such as land regularization, of land reform and land purchase. Such policies generate changes in agrarian structure, that is the goal of land reform, but don´t concentrate to the land ownership. This attitude of the state in coping with the agrarian question is his response to the pressures of capitalist agriculture represented by landowners and agribusiness, coping catching an intense and uneven territorial dispute with peasant agriculture, in an attempt to impose its model of development for the field. The aimed of this present study is to understand better the land reform acquisition and its implications in the Brazilian territory, in order to understand it in their multiplicity.

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The present work discuss the reproduction of the social relations from the point of view of the new urban production relations - having as empirical universe for analysis-, the Itaquera district in the Sao Paulo metropolis, with the advent of the World Cup in Brazil. Starting with the reading of a reality in movement, in which the analysis walks covering the dialectic relationship between space and society, where the first is translated into product and life reproduction condition, aiming to unveil the metamorphoses that will take place in the urban space with its consequent contradiction, what it may be the expanded capital reproduction concomitantly with the process that denounces a spoliation movement of the social space. With the society approval before these big architectural projects enabled by ideology, it’s determined the (re) production of artificial spaces of consumption, funded for the capital extension. The current stage that the capitalism reveals a space turned into mass consumption merchandise, consequence of the victory of the exchange value over the usage value, amalgamated in positive measures of expulsion/sweeping of low income socio-economic layers

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The demographic census is the largest and most important socioeconomic research of the country since it portrays the situation closer to the reality of the population. Their result allows public policy making aimed at improving the quality of life, socioeconomic development and provides information for decision making on public and private sector. Due to the large amount of data collected, the processing of such information requires increasingly use information technology to facilitate processing. Therefore, the increasingly common use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) in various fields of knowledge contributes to the job achievement given its ability to collect, store, retrieve and view data. Following this trend, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statics (IBGE) also used this tool in the development of cartographic inputs, wich plays a key role for the data collection range nationwide

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In Brazil, The power generation has always depended on the rivers, in other words, there are moments that the power generation can vary, which can cause variations in energy supply and even blackout according to the level of water in the reservoirs of the hydroelectric plants. For this reason, many options has been studied, like our example, which is about a combined cycle power plant in Canas. The use of combined cycle is interesting from the point o view of energy, because its efficiency is between 50 and 60%, and from the point of view of environment, because it can burn natural gas, which is cleaner than coal, it reduces the emission of gases that influence on the greenhouse effect. This work aims to perform a technical analysis of a case study of a power plant proposed to be built in Canas by the AES/AES Tietê Group. For the analysis will be used the commercial software GateCycle 6.0.0 from GE, this software has the power of simulating power generation cycles (nuclear, combined, etc.). The energy department of UNESP has the license, which makes possible the academic use of this tool. Two combined cycles were simulated, one using one pressure level HRSG, and another one closer to the real power plant, which is a combined cycle with a three pressure level HRSG. The results were close to expected, for the combined cycle with one pressure HRSG the power was 513,9 MW and a efficiency of 53,27%, in the case with the three pressure level HRSG the power was 517,1 MW and a efficiency of 53,5%. We conclude that the software requires that the user must have the knowledge about the subjects involved in the use of GateCycle in problems resolutions

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The development of medium-sized cities in recent decade, caused, partly, by the industrial deconcentration process generated, beyond benefits, several problems for these cities population. The unplanned rapid growth of these cities, together with the capitalist model of production collaborated for the increase of socioeconomics questions in these locations. The urban mobility became one of these problems, embarrassing citizen’s lives, especially in downtown area. Therefore, the State began looking for solutions to improve urban mobility of the population, contributing to their quality of life and also to adapt the city to new market demand. In these work, we analyzed the situation of Brazilian medium-sized cities downtown area, as well as its growth process, tanking as an example the case of the city of Rio Claro – SP and it´s Public Administration proposal to improve the flow and urban mobility in a particular street in the town´s commercial centre

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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This work has as main objetive to analyze fiscal/tax collection of municipalities after the political-administrative decentralization in Brazil and its new role in this scenario, bringing up the competition for Decasa Sugar and Alcohol between the municipalities of Caiuá and Maraba Paulista in the context of expansion sugarcane cultivation in the Presidente Prudente Geographic Micro Region. The analysis has considered the geographic scales, in order to highlight the power relations on local/regional territory, determined by the Agroenergy Policy Guidelines in Brazil (2006-2011). The two municipalities have from the point of view economic dynamics, irrelevence, proven through the São Paulo Index of Social Responsibility (IPRS), maximizing the importance of the constitutional transfers, such as Participation Fund of Municipalities (FPM). Given this situation, we analyze the four taxes raised by the experts as the most impactful for municipal tax collection before the presence of sugarcane activity: the Territorial Urban Property Tax (IPTU), the Tax on Services of any Nature (ISSQN), the Tax Vehicles owned Motor (IPVA) and the Operations tax on the Circulation of Goods and on Transport Services Rendered Interstate and Intermunicipal (ICMS). It was verified, that only the ISSQN can be seen as an indicator increase in fiscal/tax collection before the presence sugarcane activity...