Definition of clinically distinct molecular subtypes in estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas through genomic grade.

PURPOSE: A number of microarray studies have reported distinct molecular profiles of breast cancers (BC), such as basal-like, ErbB2-like, and two to three luminal-like subtypes. These were associated with different clinical outcomes. However, although the basal and the ErbB2 subtypes are repeatedly recognized, identification of estrogen receptor (ER) -positive subtypes has been inconsistent. Therefore, refinement of their molecular definition is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have previously reported a gene expression grade index (GGI), which defines histologic grade based on gene expression profiles. Using this algorithm, we assigned ER-positive BC to either high-or low-genomic grade subgroups and compared these with previously reported ER-positive molecular classifications. As further validation, we classified 666 ER-positive samples into subtypes and assessed their clinical outcome. RESULTS: Two ER-positive molecular subgroups (high and low genomic grade) could be defined using the GGI. Despite tracking a single biologic pathway, these were highly comparable to the previously described luminal A and B classification and significantly correlated to the risk groups produced using the 21-gene recurrence score. The two subtypes were associated with statistically distinct clinical outcome in both systemically untreated and tamoxifen-treated populations. CONCLUSION: The use of genomic grade can identify two clinically distinct ER-positive molecular subtypes in a simple and highly reproducible manner across multiple data sets. This study emphasizes the important role of proliferation-related genes in predicting prognosis in ER-positive BC.

State Library Update, July 2008, Vol.6, no. 3. Library of Iowa, State.

Quarterly update for State Library patrons.

State Library of Iowa Annual Report FY2008, July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008.

Annual report for State Library of Iowa

State Library Update, July 2004

Quarterly State Library Update for patrons.

State Library Update, October 2008, Vol.6, no. 4. Library of Iowa, State.

Quarterly update for State Library patrons.

State Library Update, January 2009, Vol.7, no. 1. Library of Iowa, State.

Quarterly update for State Library patrons.

Iowa Library Trustee's Handbook, 2009

Gives trustees a basic understanding of their responsibilities and power.

DIGITAL LIBRARY FOR DIGITAL DIVIDE AND ENVIRONMENT OF SCARCE ACCESS TO PRINTED MATERIALS: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY JEAN PIAGET OF CAPE VERDE

With the failure of the traditional mechanisms of distributing bibliographic materials into developing countries, digital libraries show up as a strong alternative in accomplishing such job, despite the challenges of the digital divide. This paper discusses the challenges of building a digital library (DL) in a developing country. The case of Cape Verde as a digital divide country is analyzed, in terms of current digital library usage and its potentiality for fighting the difficulties in accessing bibliographic resources in the country. The paper also introduces an undergoing project of building a digital library at the University Jean Piaget of Cape Verde.

Open Door Newsletter of the Library, Winter 2007

The Open Door newsletter is produced by the Iowa Commission for the Blind. It is published twice a year with information about the library programs and what is going on.

Open Door Newsletter of the Library, Spring 2008

The Open Door newsletter is produced by the Iowa Commission for the Blind. It is published twice a year with information about the library programs and what is going on.

Open Door Newsletter of the Library, Winter 2009

The Open Door newsletter is produced by the Iowa Commission for the Blind. It is published twice a year with information about the library programs and what is going on.

State Library Update, March 2009, Vol.7, no. 2 Library of Iowa, State.

Quarterly update for State Library patrons.

State Library Update, July 2009, Vol.7, no. 3 Library of Iowa, State.

Quarterly update for State Library patrons.

State Library of Iowa Strategic Plan 2008-2011, October 24, 2008

Mission: The State Library advocates for Iowa libraries & promotes excellence & innovation in library services in order to provide statewide access to information for all Iowans.

State Library of Iowa Strategic Plan FY09-FY11

Mission: The State Library advocates for Iowa libraries & promotes excellence & innovation in library services in order to provide statewide access to information for all Iowans.