Shani Mootoo: writing, difference and the Caribbean

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the author discusses various reports published within the issue including the essays of Donna McCormack on the story of Shani Mootoo's novel "Valmiki's Daughter," one by Rebecca Ashworth on "Cereus Blooms at Night" and one by Emily Taylor on Mootoo's work.

Identification of fractional-order transfer functions using a step excitation

This brief proposes a new method for the identification of fractional order transfer functions based on the time response resulting from a single step excitation. The proposed method is applied to the identification of a three-dimensional RC network, which can be tailored in terms of topology and composition to emulate real time systems governed by fractional order dynamics. The results are in excellent agreement with the actual network response, yet the identification procedure only requires a small number of coefficients to be determined, demonstrating that the fractional order modelling approach leads to very parsimonious model formulations.

Linguistic capital and the linguistic field for teachers unaccustomed to linguistic difference

Teachers in classrooms throughout England are facing a shifting demographic in their pupil intake. Where once the teaching of children whose first language was not English was considered an inner-city teachers’ role, more recent migration patterns have challenged this preconception (Andrews, 2009). In England in particular, this change sits against an historical backdrop of centralised control of the curriculum for English. This article explores how primary school teachers responded to the arrival of Polish children in county settings following EU accession in 2004. Interviews with a small sample of teachers in schools that had previously been mainly monolingual were coded using Bourdieu’s Logic of Practice. Analysis revealed a complex mix of experienced that appeared to rest on assumed pedagogical norms and professionally assimilated external pressures. Discussion centres on the author’s interpretation of teachers’ ownership of linguistic capital and its relationship to linguistic field.

Pollinator conservation: the difference between managing for pollination services and preserving pollinator diversity

Our review looks at pollinator conservation and highlights the differences in approach between managing for pollination services and preserving pollinator diversity. We argue that ecosystem service management does not equal biodiversity conservation, and that maintaining species diversity is crucial in providing ecosystem resilience in the face of future environmental change. Management and policy measures therefore need to focus on species not just in human dominated landscapes but need to benefit wider diversity of species including those in specialised habitats. We argue that only by adopting a holistic ecosystem approach we can ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the long-term.

Beyond difference: female participation in the Brazilian film revival of the 1990s

In this chapter, I will focus on the female participation in what became known as ‘The Retomada do Cinema Brasileiro’, or the Brazilian Film Revival, by thinking beyond differences of gender, class, age and ethnicity. I will first re-consider the Retomada phenomenon against the backdrop of its historical time, so as to evaluate whether the production boom of the period translated into a creative peak, and, if so, how much of this carried onto the present day. I will then look at the female participation in this phenomenon not just in terms of numerical growth of women film directors, admittedly impressive, but only partially reflective of the drastic changes in the modes of production and address effected by the neoliberal policies introduced in the country in the mid 1990s. I will argue that the most decisive contribution brought about by the rise of women in Brazilian filmmaking has been the spread of team work and shared authorship, as opposed to a mere aspiration to the auteur pantheon, as determined by a notoriously male-oriented tradition. Granted, films focusing on female victimisation were rife during the Retomada period and persist to this day, and they have been, and continue to be, invaluable for the understanding of women’s struggles in the country. However, rather than resorting to feminist readings of representational strategies in these films, I will draw attention to other, presentational aesthetic experiments, open to the documentary contingent and the unpredictable real, which, I argue, suspend the pedagogical character of representational narratives. In order to demonstrate that new theoretical tools are needed to understand the gender powers at play in contemporary world cinema, I will, to conclude, analyse an excerpt of the film, Delicate Crime (Crime delicado, Beto Brant, 2006), where team work comes out as a particularly effective female, and feminist, procedure.

Terminology matters! Why difference is not incompleteness and how early child bilinguals are heritage speakers

This paper integrates research on child simultaneous bilingual (2L1) acquisition more directly into the heritage language (HL) acquisition literature. The 2L1 literature mostly focuses on development in childhood, whereas heritage speakers (HSs) are often tested at an endstate in adulthood. However, insights from child 2L1 acquisition must be considered in HL acquisition theorizing precisely because many HSs are the adult outcomes of child 2L1 acquisition. Data from 2L1 acquisition raises serious questions for the construct of incomplete acquisition, a term broadly used in HL acquisition studies to describe almost any difference HSs display from baseline controls (usually monolinguals). We offer an epistemological discussion related to incomplete acquisition, highlighting the descriptive and theoretical inaccuracy of the term. We focus our discussion on two of several possible causal factors that contribute to variable competence outcomes in adult HSs, input (e.g., Sorace, 2004; Rothman, 2007; Pascual y Cabo & Rothman, 2012) and formal instruction (e.g., Kupisch, 2013; Kupisch et al., 2014) in the HL. We conclude by offering alternative terminology for HS outcomes.

Working at night and work ability among nursing personnel: when precarious employment makes the difference

To test the association between night work and work ability, and verify whether the type of contractual employment has any influence over this association. Permanent workers (N = 642) and workers with precarious jobs (temporary contract or outsourced; N = 552) were interviewed and filled out questionnaires concerning work hours and work ability index. They were classified into: never worked at night, ex-night workers, currently working up to five nights, and currently working at least six nights/2-week span. After adjusting for socio-demography and work variables, current night work was significantly associated with inadequate WAI (vs. day work with no experience in night work) only for precarious workers (OR 2.00, CI 1.01-3.95 and OR 1.85, CI 1.09-3.13 for those working up to five nights and those working at least six nights in 2 weeks, respectively). Unequal opportunities at work and little experience in night work among precarious workers may explain their higher susceptibility to night work.

Fractional quantum Hall effect in second subband of a 2DES

In the present paper we report on the experimental electron sheet density vs. magnetic field diagram for the magnetoresistance R(xx) of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) with two occupied subbands. For magnetic fields above 9T, we found fractional quantum Hall levels centered around the filing factor v = 3/2 in both the two occupied electric subbands. We focused specially on the fractional levels of the second subband, whose experimental values of the magnetic field B of their minima do not obey a periodicity law in 1/|B-B(c)|, where B(c) is the critical field at the filling factor v = 3/2, and we explain this fact entirely in the framework of the composite fermions theory. We use a simple theoretical model to give a possible explanation for the fact. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2011

Integer and fractional microwave induced resistance oscillations in a 2D system with moderate mobility

We report on integer and fractional microwave-induced resistance oscillations in a 2D electron system with high density and moderate mobility, and present results of measurements at high microwave intensity and temperature. Fractional microwave-induced resistance oscillations occur up to fractional denominator 8 and are quenched independently of their fractional order. We discuss our results and compare them with existing theoretical models. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

November 2003: Disaster Planning Makes a Difference

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Avaliação da reprodutibilidade dos parâmetros de adequação da hemodiálise crônica

Justificativa: Doses inadequadas de diálise estão associadas a maior morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com uremia terminal em tratamento hemodialítico. Atualmente os métodos mais utilizados para medir a adequação da hemodiálise baseiam-se no cálculo da depuração fracional de uréia (Kt/V) e da taxa de redução da uréia (URR). Nesse estudo avaliou-se a reprodutibilidade do Kt/V e da URR e analisou-se o número aceitável de medidas mensais destes parâmetros para determinar de forma fidedigna a adequação da hemodiálise. Métodos: Avaliamos 43 pacientes clinicamente estáveis, em cinco sessões de hemodiálise (sessões 1 a 5), durante três semanas. Três diálises consecutivas na primeira semana (sessões 1, 2, 3) e duas sessões de meio de semana, nas duas semanas subseqüentes (sessões 4 e 5). Resultados: Não houve diferença entre a média dos Kt/Vs obtidos em diálises seqüenciais (1, 2 e 3) comparada a média dos Kt/Vs obtidos em diálises no meio da semana (2, 4 e 5). O mesmo aconteceu com a URR e com os coeficientes de variação do Kt/V e da URR. Também não encontramos diferença entre uma medida mensal (Kt/V 2) e três medidas mensais (média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5). O mesmo ocorreu com a URR. A diferença entre o Kt/V 2 e a média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5 foi de – 0,02 unidades e entre a URR 2 em relação a média das URRs 2, 4 e 5 foi de – 0,5%. Além disso, se fizermos apenas uma medida mensal (Kt/V 2) 80% dos pacientes estarão a uma distância de no máximo 0,16 unidades abaixo da média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5 e no máximo 0,12 unidades acima. Em relação a URR 80% dos pacientes estarão a uma distância de no máximo 4,37% abaixo da média das URRs 2, 4 e 5 e no máximo 3,37% acima. O grau de concordância entre o Kt/V 2 e a média dos Kt/Vs 2, 4 e 5 é bom para pontos de corte do Kt/V igual ou superior a 1,3. No caso da URR a concordância é boa para pontos de corte acima de 65%. Conclusão: Concluímos que nesta população de pacientes clinicamente estáveis os parâmetros de adequação da hemodiálise mostraram-se reprodutíveis não havendo necessidade de aumentar o número de medidas mensais da quantidade de diálise ofertada.