The shifting terrain of feminist theory and activism : university-based women's centres and third wave feminism

This thesis, based on the results of an organizational ethnography of a university-based feminist organization in Southern Ontario (the Centre), traces how third wave feminism is being constituted in the goals, initiatives, mandate, organizational structure, and overall culture of university-based feminist organizations. I argue that, from its inception, the meanings and goals of the Centre have been contested through internal critique, reflection, and discussion inspired by significant shifts in feminist theory that challenge the fundamental principles of second wave feminism. I identify a major shift in the development and direction of the Centre that occurs in two distinct phases. The first phase of the shift occurs with the emergence of an antioppression framework, which broadens the Centre's mandate beyond gender and sexism to consider multiple axes of identity and oppression that affect women's lives. The second phase of this shift is characterized by a focus on (trans) inclusion and accessibility and has involved changing the Centre's name so that it is no longer identified as a women's centre in order to reflect more accurately its focus on mUltiple axes of identity and oppression. Along with identifying two phases of a major shift in the direction of the Centre, I trace two discourses about its development. The dominant discourse of the Centre's development is one of progress and evolution. The dominant discourse characterizes the Centre as a dynamic feminist organization that consistently strives to be more inclusive and diverse. The reverse discourse undermines the dominant discourse by emphasizing that, despite the Centre's official attempts to be inclusive and to build diversity, little has actually changed, leaving women of colour marginalized in the Centre's dominant culture of whiteness. This research reveals that, while many of their strategies have unintended (negative) consequences, members of the Centre are working to build an inclusive politics of resistance that avoids the mistakes of earlier feminist movements and organizations. These members, along with other activists, actively constitute third wave feminism in a process that is challenging, contradictory, and often painful. A critical analysis of this process and the strategies it involves provides an opportunity for activists to reflect on their experiences and develop new strategies in an effort to further struggles for social justice and equity.

Emptying the bell jar: an exploration of adolescent responses to a women's literature unit /

This study examines adolescent student responses to a women's literature unit taught within a grade 12 Writer's Craft course. Current research (Gilligan, 1989, Pipher, 1994 & Slack, 1999) suggests that there is a great under-representation of female authors in the high school literature curriculum. The use of women's literature may draw attention to important literary figures who are historically overlooked within the curriculum. It gives voice to a marginalized group and presents students with alternative subjects and heroes. It encourages students to develop a critical perspective and reevaluate assumptions about institutions, ideologies, language and culture. It also allows me, as a teacher, to reflect on my own teaching practices and explore alternate feminist pedagogical principles and teaching styles encouraging multiplicity of voices, deconstruction of power relations, and alternative assessment tools within the classroom. As an educator, it is important for me to teach curriculum that is relevant and meaningful to students and help them become critical, self-reflective thinkers. It is also important for me to assist students in their exploration of self and encourage them to expand their awareness of historical, social and global issues. Sylvia Plath's (1963) The belljar is used as the primary text taught within this unit. In this novel, the bell jar is a central image that signifies entrapment and isolation. "To the person in the bell jar, blank and stopped as a dead body, the world itself is the bad dream"(p.l 54). As a metaphor, the bell jar resonates with young readers in a variety of ways.

Women’s Literary Club of St. Catharines Fonds

The Women's Literary Club of St. Catharines was founded in 1892 by a local author, Emma Harvey (Mrs. J.G.) Currie (1829-1913) and held its last official meeting on February 19, 1994. The Club developed, flourished and eventually waned. After more than one hundred successful years, the last members deposited the Club's archives at Brock University for the benefit of researchers, scholars and the larger community. The ‘object of the Club’ was established as “the promotion of literary pursuits.” The Club was a non-profit social organization composed of predominantly white, upper middle class women from the St. Catharines and surrounding areas. Club meetings were traditionally held fortnightly from March to December each year. The last meeting of the year was a celebration of their Club anniversary. The early meetings of the Club include papers presented and music performed by Club members. The literary pursuits that would dominate the agendas for the entire life of the Club reflected an interest in selected authors, national and local history, classical history, musical performances and current cultural and newsworthy events. For example in 1893 a typical meeting agendas would contain papers on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Hawaii, Brook Farm, Miss Louisa May Alcott and “Education of Women 100 years Ago.” Within the first year of the Club’s existence, detailed minute books became the norm and an annual agenda or program developed. The WLC collection contains a near complete set of meeting minutes from 1892 until 1995 and a comprehensive collection of yearly programs from 1983-1967 which members took great care to publish each year. Mrs. Currie brought together a group of women with a shared interest in literature and history, who wanted to pursue that interest in a formal and structured manner. She was well educated and influenced at an early age by her tutor and mentor William Kirby, local historian, writer and newspaper editor from Niagara-on-the-Lake. While Currie’s private education influenced her love of literature and history, the Club movement of the 1890’s offered a more public forum for her to share knowledge and learning with other women. Mrs. Currie was the wife of St. Catharines lawyer, James G. Currie, who also served as a Member of Parliament for the county of Lincoln. Mrs. W.H. McClive, who was also married to a St. Catharines lawyer, worked closely with Currie and they began research into the possibility of a literary Club in St. Catharines. Currie corresponded with a variety of literary Clubs across North America before she and Mrs.McClive tagged onto the momentum of the Club movement and published “A Clarion call for Women of St. Catharines To Form a Literary Club” in the local paper The St. Catharines Evening Journal. in 1892 and asked like Clubs to publish the news of their new Club. The early years of the WLC set the foundation of how the Club meetings and events would unfold for the next 80 plus years. Photos and minutes from the first ten years reveal an excitement and interest in organized Club outings. One particular event, an annual pilgrimage to the homestead of Laura Secord, became a yearly celebration for the Club. Club President, Mrs. Currie’s own personal work on Laura Secord amplified the Club’s interest in the ‘heroine of 1812’ and she allocated the profits from her publication on Secord in order to create a commemorative plaque/monument in the name of Laura Secord. The Club celebrated this event with a regular pilgrimage to this site. The connection felt by Club members and this memorial would continue until the Club’s last meetings. The majority of members in the early years were of the upper middle classes in the growing city of St. Catharines. Many of the charter members were the wives of merchants, business men, lawyers, doctors, even a hatter. Furthermore, the position of president was most often held by a woman with a comprehensive list of interests. This is particularly the case in Isabel Brighty McComb (1876-1941). Brighty who became a member in 1903, became Club president in 1932 and stayed in her post until her death in 1941. Similar to Mrs. Currie, Brighty was a local historian and published 2 booklets on local history. Her obituary indicates her position in the community as an author and involved community member committed to lifetime memberships in the Imperial Order of Daughters of Empire, I.O.D.E., the National Organization of Women, N.O.W. and the United Empire Loyalist Society, as well as the WLC. She was a locally known ‘teacher of elocution’ and a devoted researcher of Upper Canadian history. In a Club scrapbook dedicated to her, the biographical sketch illustrates the professionalism surrounding Brighty. There is very little personal history mentioned and the focus is on her literary works, her published essay, booklets and poetry. This professional focus, evident in both her obituary and the scrapbook, illustrate the diversity of these women, especially in their roles outside of the home. The WLC collection contains a vast array of essay, lectures clippings and scrapbooks from past meetings. Organized predominantly by topic or author, the folders and scrapbooks offer a substantial amount of research opportunity in the literary history of Canada. The dates, scope of topics and authors covered offer historians an exciting opportunity to examine the consumption of particular literary trends, artists and topics within the context of a midsized industrial city in English Canada. This is especially important because the agenda adhered to by the Club was bent on promoting, discussing and reviewing predominantly Canadian material. By connecting when and what these women were studying, scholars many gain a better understanding of the broader consumption and appreciation of literary and social trends of Canadian women outside of publishing and institutional records. Furthermore, because the agendas were set by and for these women, outside of the constructs of an institutionalized canon or agenda, they offer a fresh and on the ground examination of literary consumption over an extensive length of time.

Metal music as critical dystopia : humans, technology and the future in 1990s science fiction metal

Metal Music as Critical Dystopia: Humans, Technology and the Future in 1990s Science Fiction Metal seeks to demonstrate that the dystopian elements in metal music are not merely or necessarily a sonic celebration of disaster. Rather, metal music's fascination with dystopian imagery is often critical in intent, borrowing themes and imagery from other literary and cinematic traditions in an effort to express a form of social commentary. The artists and musical works examined in this thesis maintain strong ties with the science fiction genre, in particular, and tum to science fiction conventions in order to examine the long-term implications of humanity's complex relationship with advanced technology. Situating metal's engagements with science fiction in relation to a broader practice of blending science fiction and popular music and to the technophobic tradition in writing and film, this thesis analyzes the works of two science fiction metal bands, VOlvod and Fear Factory, and provides close readings of four futuristic albums from the mid to late 1990s that address humanity's relationship with advanced technology in musical and visual imagery as well as lyrics. These recorded texts, described here as cyber metal for their preoccupation with technology in subject matter and in sound, represent prime examples of the critical dystopia in metal music. While these albums identify contemporary problems as the root bf devastation yet to come, their musical narratives leave room for the possibility of hope , allowing for the chance that dystopia is not our inevitable future.

Fonthill Literary Journal, Fonthill Grammar School Lyceum, n.d.

The Fonthill Grammar School was established in 1856. The school closed in 1876 when it failed to receive community support for a new building. The editors of the journal were two individuals with the last names Ray, and Wiggins, unfortunately their first names are not included in any of the submissions to the journal.

Remarks and criticism on the Hon. John Quincy Adams's letter to the Hon. Harrison Gray Otis

Printed by Joshua Cushing

St. Catharines Collegiate Institute - Literary Meeting and Presentation of Prizes

A pamphlet detailing the programme events for the Literary Meeting and Presentation of Prizes for Thursday December 22, 1921. The pamphlet includes examination results, scholarship recipients, prizes for public speaking and the annual field day results.

Thesaurus of english words and phrases classified and arranged so asto facilitate the expression of ideas and assiet in literary composition

UANL

The casket of literary gems : containing tales and sketches, choice selections, anecdotes, wit and humor

UANL

A Classification of Feminist Theories

In this paper I criticize Alison Jaggar’s descriptions of feminist political theories. I propose an alternative classification of feminist theories that I think more accurately reflects the multiplication of feminist theories and philosophies. There are two main categories, “street theory” and academic theories, each with two sub-divisions, political spectrum and “differences” under street theory, and directly and indirectly political analyses under academic theories. My view explains why there are no radical feminists outside of North America and why there are so few socialist feminists inside North America. I argue, controversially, that radical feminism is a radical version of liberalism. I argue that “difference” feminist theories – theory by and about feminists of colour, queer feminists, feminists with disabilities and so on – belong in a separate sub-category of street theory, because they’ve had profound effects on feminist activism not tracked by traditional left-to-right classifications. Finally, I argue that, while academic feminist theories such as feminist existentialism or feminist sociological theory are generally unconnected to movement activism, they provide important feminist insights that may become importanby showing the advantages of my classification over Jaggar’s views.

2S 7,1-17 en contexte historique, évaluation de la mise en forme et de la transmission du texte dans le débat portant sur la tradition deutéronomiste

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mettre en lumière la mise en forme, la réception et la transmission de 2S 7,1-17 à l’intérieur du débat qui a présentement cours autour de la rédaction deutéronomiste, ainsi que de vérifier le lien possible de ce texte avec l’évolution de la pensée théologique juive issue de l’édition deutéronomiste. Notre recherche commence par établir un texte hébreu de travail fiable grâce à la critique textuelle. L’analyse syntaxique nous permet ensuite de proposer une traduction qui soit la plus fidèle possible au texte hébreu retenu afin de mieux comprendre le sens du texte dans sa langue originale. Nous abordons, dans le troisième chapitre, la question des différentes sources littéraires ayant pu servir à la composition du texte de 2S 7,1-17. L’exploration plus détaillée de quelques pistes qui sont apparues à la suite de la critique des sources et de la réception du texte de 2S 7,1-17 par le(s) Chroniste(s), nous permet de constater qu’à l’intérieur des traditions textuelles hébraïques, la prophétie de Nathan a évolué de façon significative dans le parcours des différentes traditions de relecture. À partir des quatres étapes de recherches, nous dégageons les éléments qui pourraient être mis en lien avec les théories existantes dans le cadre de l’histoire deutéronomiste et mettons en lumière les forces et les faiblesses des solutions proposées. Les résultats de la recherche nous permettent de penser que l’intégration de la prophétie de Nathan dans la trame historique s’expliquerait par la nécessité d’éclairer une suite d’événements selon diverses perspectives théologiques. Ce n’est qu’à partir des conditions exiliques que nous aurions le texte de 2S 7,1-17 le plus tardif offrant une réflexion sur la première histoire d’Israël. Dans ce sens, la prophétie de Nathan prendrait toute sa valeur et son extension bien au-delà de la seule histoire personnelle de David ou de Salomon.

Créer : le phénomène de la création en donnant la réplique à Antonin Artaud

Le phénomène de la création dans le cadre d’un discours sur la création – la production littéraire et artistique – ne va pas de soi. La tâche de le circonscrire comme un objet est antinomique : l’expérience du discours est en soi une création. Alors que le langage écrit semble au plus souvent «supprimer» l’auteur, le processus de création implique un «Je» créateur qui pense, qui se transforme, qui vit et dont la pensée s’imbrique à son objet qui, quant à lui, est «supprimé»; car il n’est pas extérieur à la pensée mais en relation avec elle. Ce travail, qui démontre le rapport complexe entre l’objet, la critique, le sujet et le commentaire, se penche donc sur l’«avant», le «pendant» et l’«après» de la création, dans un acte de mémoire, qui découle d’une performance littéraire sur la création. Des forces motrices informes et inconscientes, à la mise en forme jusqu’à la transmission, qui lui redonne un caractère d’informe, la création est en mouvement, comme le savoir est toujours prisonnier d’un «work in progress». Tributaire d’Antonin Artaud, le texte s’inscrit à partir de l’artiste en guise d’archétype existentiel, et s’y réfère constamment pour témoigner de la création sans la détacher de la vie et de ses expériences. Pour accéder au mystère du processus de création, lié à la pensée subjective, inobjectivable et irréductible au discours linéaire, ce travail met l’accent sur les associations de la pensée qui procède, exprimées par un «Je» exemplaire omniprésent, tatoué par l’expérience, mais à la position ambiguë à titre d’auteur. Processus de vie, de pensée et de création sont non seulement entremêlés, mais traversés par le champ du tout autre, historique, mondial et social, en perpétuelle évolution. Le rôle du créateur n’est pas de ne créer qu’à partir des connaissances extérieures à lui, mais à partir de lui-même – de son moi multiple et de sa pensée imprégnée de lectures et de ce qui le traverse et l’habite dans un temps donné – pour aboutir à la mise en forme d’un texte cohérent, d’une gravure particulière de l’esprit en marche vers le savoir, qui se situe toujours dans le devenir.

Réécriture et dialogue avec la tradition dans l’œuvre de Irmtraud Morgner : de Schahrazade à Mnèmosunè

Thèse de doctorat effectuée en cotutelle au Département de littérature comparée, Faculté des arts et des sciences de l'Université de Montréal et à l'Institut für Deutsche und Niederländische Philologie, Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften de la Freie Universität Berlin

Imaginaires de la filiation : la mélancolisation du lien dans la littérature contemporaine des femmes

Cette thèse s’intéresse à un changement de paradigme dans l’imaginaire de la filiation tel qu’il est donné dans la littérature des femmes et les écrits du féminisme. L’hypothèse de travail est la suivante : à l’imaginaire d’une filiation déployée uniquement dans la latéralité des liens sororaux, se substitue au tournant des années 1990 un imaginaire mélancolique de la filiation, corollaire de la posture d’héritière désormais occupées par les auteures et penseures contemporaines. Parallèlement au développement d’une troisième vague du féminisme contemporain, la France et le Québec des années 1990 ont en effet vu naître ce qui est qualifié depuis peu de « nouvelle génération d’écrivaines ». « Premières », à l’échelle de l’histoire de la littérature des femmes, « à bénéficier d’un riche héritage littéraire féminin » (Rye et Worton, 2002 : 5), les auteures appartenant à ces « nouvelles voix » s’avèrent en effet doublement héritières, à la fois d’une tradition littéraire au féminin et de la pensée féministe contemporaine. Alors que la génération des années 1970 et du début des années 1980, se réclamant en un sens des discours d’émancipation des Lumières (liberté, égalité, fraternité), refusait l’héritage des générations antérieures, imaginant une communauté construite dans la sororité et fondée sur le meurtre des figures parentales, la génération actuelle n’est plus, quant à elle, dans la rupture. Située dans l’appropriation du passé et de l’histoire, elle réinvestit l’axe vertical de la généalogie. Or, c’est dans un récit familial mortifère ou encore lacunaire, morcelé, troué par le secret, ruiné par le passage du temps, toujours en partie perdu, qu’avancent les auteures, tout en questionnant le généalogique. Celui-ci ne s’entend pas ici en tant que vecteur d’ordre ou principe d’ordonnancement hiérarchique, mais se pose plutôt comme un mouvement de dislocation critique, « dérouteur des légitimités lorsqu’il retrace l’histoire des refoulements, des exclusions et des taxinomies » (Noudelmann, 2004 : 14) sur lesquels s’est construite l’histoire familiale. En d’autres termes, l’interrogation filiale à l’œuvre chez cette génération héritière participe d’une recherche de l’altérité, voire de l’étrangement, également présente dans les écrits théoriques et critiques du féminisme de la troisième vague. Cette thèse, en s’étayant sur l’analyse des récits de femmes et des écrits féministes publiés depuis les années 1970 – moment qui coïncide avec l’émergence de ce qu’il est désormais convenu d’appeler le féminisme de la deuxième vague –, a ainsi pour objectif de cerner les modifications que connaît l’imaginaire de la filiation à travers ce changement de paradigme. À l’aune de cette analyse menée dans la première partie, « De la sororité aux liens f(am)iliaux. Imaginaires de la filiation et représentations du corps », il s’agit, dans les deux parties suivantes intitulées « Des fantômes et des anges. La filiation en régime spectrale » et « Filles et mères, filles (a)mères. La filiation en régime de deuil » et consacrées plus précisément à l’étude des récits sélectionnés, de dégager les modalités filiales explorées par les auteures depuis le tournant des années 1990.