América Latina y el Caribe: el envejecimiento de la población, 1950-2050 = Latin America and the Caribbean: population ageing, 1950-2050

Publicación bilingüe (Español e inglés)

La política industrial en la Argentina durante la década de 2000

Este trabajo analiza la política industrial en la Argentina durante la primera década del siglo XXI. Para ello, en primer lugar, realiza una revisión crítica de los aportes de la teoría económica a la interpretación de la política industrial, contrastando el enfoque estándar, asociado a la idea de un Estado “facilitador” que aplica políticas horizontales (o de competitividad) y resuelve fallas de mercado, con el enfoque cepalino, asociado a la llamada “síntesis estructuralista-evolucionista-schumpeteriana”, que informa una acción estatal más selectiva (o vertical), y apunta a la diversificación productiva como mecanismo para la generación de nuevas capacidades tecnológicas. En el marco de este segundo enfoque se define a la política industrial como un conjunto de acciones selectivas orientadas a ciertas actividades que, por su potencial de encadenamientos y rendimientos crecientes dinámicos, son pasibles de inducir el cambio estructural y aumentar la productividad de la economía.

Manifestações neurológicas em ribeirinhos de áreas expostas ao mercúrio na Amazônia brasileira

No presente estudo, foram avaliados comparativamente os níveis atuais de exposição ao mercúrio e as manifestações neurológicas em ribeirinhos residentes em comunidades situadas no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 78 ribeirinhos de Barreiras (bacia do rio Tapajós), 30 de São Luiz do Tapajós (bacia do rio Tapajós) e 49 do Furo do Maracujá (bacia do rio Tocantins). As concentrações de mercúrio total foram quantificadas, em cabelo, pela espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, e a avaliação neurológica foi realizada por meio de testes de rotina. As concentrações de mercúrio nas comunidades do Tapajós foram maiores que as do Tocantins (p < 0,01). A avaliação das alterações neurológicas não mostrou diferença significativa entre as comunidades das áreas expostas e controle para os resultados observados pelo exame neurológico convencional, exceto para desvio da marcha (p < 0,05). Concluiu-se que, apesar dos níveis de exposição ao mercúrio, houve uma baixa frequência de alterações somatossensoriais encontradas por meio de exames neurológicos convencionais.

Ganho de força e função em idosos por treino isométrico com e sem resposta visual

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS): uma alternativa à utilização do formato MARC 21 para dados de autoridade

Introduction: Authority records interchange requires establishing and using metadata standards, such as MARC 21 Format for Authority Data, format used by several cataloging agencies, and Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS), that has received little attention and it is a little widespread standard among agencies. Purpose: Presenting an introductory study about Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS). Methodology: Descriptive and exploratory bibliographic research. Results: The paper address the MADS creation context, its goals and its structure and key issues related to conversion of records from MARC 21 to MADS. Conclusions: The study concludes that, despite its limitations, MADS might be used to create simple authority records in Web environment and beyond libraries context.

A NR-32 para os profissionais da estratégia saúde da família

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Instrumentación para el registro del color en odontología

Color is an important variable in cosmetic dentistry, and it has traditionally been measured by a visual method, comparing teeth with standard color guides. In recent decades, electronic instruments have been developed to eliminate the subjective factor of visual measurement. This objective method has mainly been performed with colorimeters, spectrophotometers and the analysis of images obtained with digital cameras. These instruments have proven to be reliable with a high degree of precision and accuracy. Its use is recommended as an adjunctive tool to assess color in direct and indirect restorations, in aesthetic treatments like bleaching, and to facilitate communication with the dental laboratory. The spectrophotometer is the device that has reported better “in- vitro “ and “in -vivo” performance, being the “Vita Easyshade “ the one with more reliable results.

Avaliação do perfil de risco de cárie dentária em gestantes de Araraquara, Brasil

The knowledge of risk of carried during pregnant is essential for an appropriate treatment using educational and preventives actions to mother for a good care of their oral health and that of children. The main objective of present retrospective study was to identify the risk of caries of pregnants (aged 15-44, mean= 25 years) came to clinic of Preventive Odontology of Araraquara-UNSEP from 1999 to 2007, using 166 medical records obtained by the third pregraduate year students, following the pre-established guidelines. The information collected includes: classification of caries risk diagnosis, pregnancy trimester, carbohydrates ingestion (between or during foods), dental plaques (O'Leary's plaque control registry) and the number of teeth with caries. The statistical analysis used the Chi2 and ANOVA tests. Most of patients showed a 25 % or more of teeth surfaces with dental plaques (92.1 %) and carbohydrates consumption among foods (89.2 %). The mean (SD) of carried and restores teeth was of 7.9 (5.1) and 4.0 (3.4), respectively and the posterior teeth were the more involved by caries/restorations. As regards the diagnosis of caries risk, classification of high risk was observed in the 38.5 % of pregnants, moderate in the 47.6 %) and low in the 13.9 %. There was a statistically significant association (p= 0.001) between the carbohydrates consumption and the diagnosis of caries risk. The plaque's rate was similar in the different trimesters of pregnancy (f= 0.223; p= 0.803). The caries risk of most pregnant women was high or moderate and it was associated with the consumption of carbohydrates.

A flow cytometry method for testing the susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. to amphotericin B

Human fungal infections have increased at an alarming rate in recent years, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Cryptococcosis is the second most prevalent systemic fungal infection worldwide, and the most prevalent systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals, representing more than 70% of cases. The incidence of cryptococcosis is high in people with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with recent estimates indicating that there are one million cases of cryptococcal meningitis globally per year in AIDS patients. The aim of this research was to develop a rapid flow cytometric antifungal susceptibility test and to compare the results with the standard methods. A reference strain and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii were tested for susceptibility to amphotericin B by flow cytometry using propidium iodide as indicator of viability. Flow cytometry (FC) results were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined by microdilution. The antifungal activity of amphotericin B ranged from MICs of 0.06 to 2μg/ml for the 11 isolates studied. The same results were found by FC. The FC method allows same-day results, assisting in the selection of appropriate antifungal therapies. These results demonstrate an excellent correlation between FC and the classic methods of testing for susceptibility to antifungal agents. This rapid diagnosis method makes it possible to quickly administer effective therapeutic interventions, often saving lives.

Malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: effectiveness of different diagnostic methods

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação Histológica e histomorfométrica do reparo ósseo em tíbias osteotomizadas de ratos (rattus novergicus albinus), submetidos a tratamento com ultrassom, frente à presença e ausência de carga

The response of bone metabolism is directly related to hormonal factors and mechanical stimuli that the bone is exposed. The ultrasonic energy on bone healing have been shown to be crucial for the stimulation and improvement in quality of newly formed tissue. The aim of this study was to analyze the action of low intensity ultrasound on bone healing of tibial osteotomy in rats subjected to tail suspension, through histological analysis and histomorphometry. Eighteen Rattus norvegicus albinos, Wistar, adults were divided into three groups, arranged as follows: G1 (n = 6), who remained free for a period of 15 days, G2 (n = 5), suspended by the tail for a period of 15 days and G3 (n = 7), suspended by the tail for a period of 36 days. In all three groups, both tibias were subjected to mono-cortical bone injury 4X2 mm in the medial region of the diaphysis, and the left limb was used as control and the right limb undergoing treatment with ultrasound (U.S.). The right tibia was treated with pulsed ultrasound at a frequency of 1.5 MHz, duty cycle 1:4, 30mW/cm2, for 12 sessions of 20 minutes each. Samples of tibia were subjected to histological analysis, blindly, with light microscopy and histomorphometric analysis by specific software Image-Pro 6.1. The average percentage of new bone formation were subjected to analysis of variance in subdivided parcels and multiple comparison test "Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK), with a significance level of 5%. The average values and standard deviations of the percentage of newly formed bone for the groups showed the least amount of bone repair G1t (13.62% ± 4.88%) - G1c (8.68% ± 4.16%) compared G2t groups (27.17% ± 11.36%) - G2c (10.10% ± 7.90%) and G3t (23.19% ± 5.61%) - G3c (15.74% ± 7 08%). However, the mean values and standard deviations of the percentage of newly formed bone repair in the tibia treated G2t and G3t were significantly higher when compared to the repair of tibia in the control group (G2c and G3c). Consequently, we conclude that ultrasound has helped to accelerate bone repair in both the presence and absence of cargo.

O Brasil entre a história narrativa e a história analítica (1840-1870): civilização, progresso e desenvolvimento

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Televisão digital terrestre na agenda do MERCOSUL

El escenario de la digitalización de los medios de comunicación, especialmente la televisión terrestre, y una política para el desarrollo de contenidos audiovisuales entraron en la agenda del MERCOSUR. Cambiar de el estándar de TV fue solamente el argumento embrionario para un conjunto de acciones destinadas a dar densidad a las iniciativas conjuntas de Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay en la jóven integración polí- tica y económica del Cono Sur. Así, nos propone- mos la reflexión en torno a las políticas públicas que provocan la implementación de la televisión digital en los países miembros del MERCOSUR intentando delinear los intereses políticos, la reestructuración del mercado regional y el establecimiento de modelos, patrones y sistemas de cooperación entre los países miembros. El análisis nos permite inferir que los gobiernos con matices de de centroizquierda de MERCOSUR optaron por la integración de las políticas públi- cas para fortalecer de la hegemonía del bloque en la innovación tecnológica, el desarrollo de contenido compartido y el fortalecimiento del capitalismo inmaterial.

Associação entre sistema de incentivos gerenciais e práticas de contabilidade gerencial

O princípio da controlabilidade prevê que os gestores deveriam ser avaliados com base em fatores controláveis. Consequentemente, os incentivos gerenciais estariam relacionados a práticas de contabilidade gerencial capazes de evitar que os gestores sejam responsabilizados por resultados financeiros além do controle gerencial, tais como análise por centro de responsabilidade, custo padrão, preço de transferência, orçamento e avaliação de desempenho. Este artigo desenvolve um estudo de campo para investigar se há relação entre a presença de incentivos gerenciais e as práticas de contabilidade gerencial associadas ao princípio da controlabilidade. Entrevistas in loco foram realizadas para a coleta de dados em nível organizacional e testes estatísticos não paramétricos foram utilizados para a análise dos dados. Entre as práticas de contabilidade gerencial examinadas, os resultados sugerem que apenas orçamento anual, análise por centro de responsabilidade e avaliação de desempenho estão associados à presença de sistemas de incentivos nas empresas entrevistadas.

The use of body circumferences for the prediction of intra-abdominal fat in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction: Computerizd tomography (CT) is the gold standard for the evaluation of intra- (IAF) and total (TAF) abdominal fat; however, the high cost of the procedure and exposure to radiation limit its routine use. Objective: To develop equations that utilize anthropometric measures for the estimate of IAF and TAF in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The weight, height, BMI, and abdominal (AC), waist (WC), chest (CC), and neck (NC) circumferences of thirty obese women with PCOS were measured, and their IAF and TAF were analyzed by CT. Results: The anthropometric variables AC, CC, and NC were chosen for the TAF linear regression model because they were better correlated with the fat deposited in this region. The model proposed for TAF (predicted) was: 4.63725 + 0.01483 x AC - 0.00117 x NC - 0.00177 x CC (R-2 = 0.78); and the model proposed for IAF was: IAF (predicted) = 1.88541 + 0.01878 x WC + 0.05687 x NC - 0.01529 x CC (R-2 = 0.51). AC was the only independent predictor of TAF (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The equations proposed showed good correlation with the real value measured by CT, and can be used in clinical practice. (Nutr Hosp. 2012;27:1662-1666) DOI:10.3305/nh.2012.27.5.5933