999 resultados para Desnutrição - Fatores de risco
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Some characteristics and behaviors, that are of young, as a tendency to rebel and take risks, deviating from the rules of society, makes it vulnerable to many detrimental aspects, such as may indiscriminate use of alcohol and drugs, practicing unsafe sex and having multiple partners, which cause, among another complications, sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydial infection, is one of the most recurrent STD of the world. Several risk factors are already defined for Chlamydial infection, among them, age under 25 years old and sexual behavior of the risk. The objective was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia infection cervicitis in adolescent females of the Botucatu, São Paulo, and risk factors associated with this infection. It is cross-sectional study, of the populational basis, performed together the nineteen basic health units of the Botucatu, São Paulo. The data were obtained through clinical interviews and gynecological examination on samples collected for laboratory analysis. The research of C. trachomatis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This report presents preliminary data, which represent 19% of the sample checked. Were interviewed 37 adolescents with a mean age of 17 years (between 15th and 19th years old), average of years studied of the 8,19, 40% of the families lived on less than a minimum wage by person and 24,3% dosen’t has ownership of the house where they live. Mean age of first sexual intercourse of 14 years (between 12th and 16th years old), 24,3% regularly used condoms, 5,4% had a premature birth and 8,1% reported abortion. 75,7% had any complaints in the gynecological exam, pain in lower abdomen, the most prevalent. The prevalence of vulvovaginitis or vaginal flora altered was 54,1%. The prevalence of infection by C. trachomatis was 58%. Presence content was associated infection chlamydial and age... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Introdução: As Doenças Crônicas Não TransmissÃveis (DANTS) são um grupo de enfermidades cujo processo de instalação no organismo geralmente se inicia com alterações, a prevenção dessas afecções tem sido um grande desafio para a saúde pública. As principais DANTS são: câncer, doenças do coração (angina e infarto do miocárdio), doenças do pulmão (como enfisema, bronquite e asma), doenças da circulação como acidente vascular cerebral e hipertensão arterial, doenças metabólicas como diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, a obesidade, relacionadas com condições de vida (como o estresse, depressão e ansiedade). Existem inúmeros Fatores de Risco (FR) relacionados a estes tipos de doenças, cuja remoção, ou atenuação, pode contribuir para o declÃnio da mortalidade.Objetivo: Associar comportamentos e conhecimentos de FR para doenças e agravos não transmissÃveis de mulheres praticantes de AF através do projeto Saúde Ativa Rio Claro, este visa desenvolver e difundir práticas de intervenção cientificamente orientadas que incorporem a AF como parte integrante de um hábito de vida saudável para todas as pessoas. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 100 mulheres, com idade média de 57,7((± 13,1), foram aplicados dois questionários, sendo o primeiro sobre conhecimento de FR para DANTS e o segundo avaliou comportamentos relacionados ao estilo de vida: nÃvel de AF, consumo de álcool, dieta, taxa de colesterol, nÃvel de estresse, tabagismo.Resultados e Discussão: Não houve associação entre conhecimento e comportamento, o conhecimento isoladamente não foi suficiente para promover modificações no comportamento das pessoas. A analise estatÃstica utilizada foi o Qui Quadrado (x²) de 1 grau de liberdade e com nÃvel de significância de p= 0,05. Conclusão: Um grupo de pessoas pode conhecer os benefÃcios de um comportamento e não ter tempo ou recursos suficientes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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A fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia parece envolver uma complexa interação entre vulnerabilidades genéticas e fatores de risco ambientais. O uso de Cannabis tem sido apontado como um destes fatores, que contribui para o surgimento de sintomas psicóticos em indivÃduos predispostos e piora o curso da doença pré-estabelecida. O sistema endocanabinóide está envolvido neste processo, podendo apresentar possÃveis implicações na manifestação de sintomas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral verificar se variantes dos genes CNR1 (codificador do receptor endocanabinóide tipo 1) e AKT1 (codificador de proteÃna serina-treonina quinase), individualmente ou interativamente, e o uso de Cannabis podem ser fatores de risco para a esquizofrenia e para a refratariedade ao tratamento com antipsicóticos. Foram estudados 202 pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia e 277 indivÃduos saudáveis. Os polimorfismos rs1049353 (G/A) e rs806380 (A/G) do gene CNR1 e os rs2494732 (C/T) e rs1130233 (A/G) do gene AKT1 foram genotipados por meio da técnica de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) em tempo real com sistema de detecção Taqman®. Tais polimorfismos foram correlacionados ao diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e a outras variáveis, tal como o uso de Cannabis, resposta ao tratamento e subtipos da doença. Também foi realizada análise de estratificação populacional a partir de marcadores genéticos escolhidos para a população brasileira a fim de correção estatÃstica de fatores confundidores relacionados a diferenças étnicas. Foi visto uma influência positiva da idade de acometimento em pacientes refratários quando comparados com os pacientes respondedores (p = 0,006), confirmando os dados da literatura que sugerem uma idade de acometimento mais precoce da doença em portadores de esquizofrenia refratária. A interação dos genótipos AA do polimorfismo rs806380...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES)
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In order to reduce the sedentarism and to improve population's health condition, many physical activity incentive programs have been stimulated. As a result, many people have adhered to street racing, but their health condition is almost always ignored. The aim of this study was to evaluate street racers' health condition, identifying the presence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as problems associated to street racing. The study case was composed by 111 racers from the town of Bauru (94 men and 17 women) aged in average 39±13 years old, who were evaluated in 4 street race competitions. The subjects answered to an anamnesis with questions about their socioeconomic status, medicine use, cardiovascular risk, physical exercise practices, and issues related to racing and injury. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), abdominal circumference (AC), and flexibility. It could be observed that the majority of racers were Caucasian, married and belonged to social classes over C. The prevalent age was between 18 and 35 years old (42%). Among the participants, 38.7% have already undergone some kind of surgery and 13% declared having some health problem. The questionnaire pointed out that 36% had low and moderate cardiovascular risk. It could be noticed from the AC that 10% of men and 18% of women had high cardiac risk. Among the tested, 43.2% (24.3% altered and 18.9% borderline) showed high BP on the day of the test, but only 2.7% had self-declared hypertensive. In relation to injury, 36% had already had lesions of some kind, 27.5% of which had occurred in the last 8 months. 66.6% had derived from training or racing competitions and the knee was the mostly affected body part. Only 43% had professional orientation by a physical education teacher during their training and the main reasons for them to begin racing practice were...
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Introduction: physical exercise has been recommended as a non-pharmacological, therapeutic strategy in the treatment of important cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: to analyze the impact of an exercise program, tailored to the reality of the Family Health Units (FHU), on body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and Framingham score in obese postmenopausal. Methods: 70 women between 50 and 79 years, sedentary, obese and without menstruating for at least twelve months, were randomly assigned to a trained group (TG) (n = 35) and an untrained (GnT) (n = 35). The GT took 20 weeks of a physical exercise program with three weekly sessions, consisting of monitoring activities and heating (10 minutes), 25 minutes of exercise flexibility and strength, 50 minute walk with intensity between 50-65% of VO2max and 5-minute cool-down. The GnT was instructed to maintain their normal activities. Results: TG showed significant reductions in body mass index (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), waist circumference (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), percentage of fat (54,2+2,9 vs. 53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglycerides (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL cholesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) and Framingham score (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). In the untrained group were observed significant increases in the percentage of fat (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), fasting glucose (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) and Framingham score (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), but also decreases levels of HDL cholesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017). Conclusion: the exercise program, adapted to the conditions of FHU, was effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women served by the SUS program.
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Identificar fatores de risco para complicações respiratórias após adenotonsilectomia em crianças ≤ 12 anos com apneia obstrutiva do sono encaminhadas à UTI pediátrica (UTIP). Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal que analisou 53 crianças após adenotonsilectomia que preencheram os critérios pré-estabelecidos para encaminhamento à UTIP em um hospital escola de nÃvel terciário. Foram utilizados o teste t de Student, o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste do qui-quadrado para identificar os fatores de risco. Das 805 crianças submetidas à adenotonsilectomia entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2012 no hospital escola, 53 foram encaminhadas à UTIP. Vinte e uma crianças (2,6% do total de submetidas à adenotonsilectomia e 39,6% das que foram encaminhadas à UTIP) apresentaram complicações respiratórias, sendo 12 do gênero masculino e a idade média de 5,3 ± 2,6 anos. Maior Ãndice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH; p = 0,0269), maior Ãndice de dessaturação de oxigênio (IDO; p = 0,0082), baixo nadir da SpO2 (p = 0,0055), maior tempo de intubação orotraqueal (p = 0,0011) e rinopatia (p = 0,0426) foram preditores independentes de complicações respiratórias. Foram observadas complicações respiratórias menores (SpO2 entre 90-80%) e maiores (SpO2 ≤ 80%, laringoespasmos, broncoespasmos, edema agudo de pulmão, pneumonia e apneia). Em crianças de até 12 anos e com apneia obstrutiva do sono, aquelas que têm maior IAH, maior IDO, menor nadir da SpO2 e/ou rinopatia são mais predispostas a desenvolver complicações respiratórias após adenotonsilectomia do que aquelas sem essas caracterÃsticas.
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This study aimed to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution as well as the factors and areas of risk associated with bovine cysticercosis in the State of Sao Paulo. 34.443 cattle, males and females with ages from 18 to 60 months were inspected. The animals were from 97 cities in the state of Sao Paulo and identified and slaughtered in the period October 2010 to August 2011, in a refrigerator located in Ipua - SP, under the supervision of SIF 1387. The state of Sao Paulo was divided into regional centers, and the data of the municipalities belonging to its core, were grouped according to the Department of Agriculture and Food Supply of Sao Paulo, totaling 13 cores studied. Based on these results, we can conclude that of the 97 cities analyzed, cattle were found positive for the disease in 86. The average prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Sao Paulo was 4.80 %, while the core inflation Franca and Barretos were the ones with the highest number of cases illness during the analysis period. Moreover, the largest number of cases in these core coincided with the lowest human development index covering education, with the largest acreage of coffee (core Franca) and also as the largest area of cane sugar grown (core Barretos) in these locations, which in turn may indicate that the presence of labor, temporary labor in rural areas, combined with socioeconomic/cultural factors might contribute to the spread and establishment of bovine cysticercosis in these areas.
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Neoplasias of the head and neck correspond to the fifth most common cancer in the world, with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to show, through a literature review, a little about the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and therapy of the most common malignant tumors of each anatomical region of the head and neck. The research of the articles was made in MEDLINE data base, with a total of 52 articles used. In this review, we analyze the main aspects related to the tumors of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and salivary glands. Almost all cancers of the head and neck affecting the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract are derived from squamous cells. Therefore, the risk factors between the various types of tumors are similar, with alcohol and tobacco being the main ones. To be composed of several distinct structures, the head and neck tumors deserve a diagnostic and therapeutic approach individualized for each anatomical region. Controllingthe risk factors and doing the right approach, it is expected that the incidence of cancers of the head and neck decreases, thereby reducing mortality from malignant neoplasms worldwide
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)