Bandas de câmbio, expectativas de desvalorização, volatilidade crescimento econômico: uma análise comparativa entre o Brasil e outros países emergentes

O trabalho se propõe a, de acordo com os testes de credibilidade existentes, avaliar se a crise do México em 94 e a crise asiática, tendo como proxy os casos da Tailândia e Hong Kong poderiam ter sido previstas com os modelos existentes de credibilidade. Além disso, são feitas modificações nos testes de modo a tomá-los mais eficientes. Desta forma, pode-se comparar as conclusões a respeito baseadas apenas em modelos de previsão e conclusões construídas a partir da observação de outras variáveis econômicas. Os países analisados neste trabalho são Brasil, México (antes de 94), Venezuela, Rússia, Tailândia e Hong Kong.

Barreiras não-tarifárias às exportações de carne bovina do Rio Grande do Sul sob a ótica do Sistema Integrado Agronegocial (SIAN)

O comércio internacional da carne bovina apresenta-se protegido por medidas restritivas como as barreiras tarifárias e não-tarifárias. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar as barreiras comerciais que afetam as exportações de carne bovina, sob a ótica dos frigoríficos do Rio Grande do Sul. Especificamente foi caracterizado o processo de exportação, identificados os mercados importadores e barreiras não-tarifárias que influenciam as exportações dos frigoríficos. Para subsidiar a análise, foram utilizados os conceitos de competitividade, barreiras comerciais, cadeia agroindustrial e o Modelo Integrado Agronegocial (SIAN). Para identificar e caracterizar as barreiras comerciais, os agentes, a cadeia agroindustrial exportadora de carne bovina, os mecanismos de atuação dos agentes exportadores e fatores de competitividade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória. Para identificar e classificar as barreiras comerciais foi utilizado um questionário com escala não comparativa de classificação por itens, graduada de sete pontos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os principais compradores da carne bovina gaúcha são Alemanha, Arábia Saudita, Argentina, Canadá, Chile, Coréia do Sul, Espanha, EUA, Hong Kong, Itália, Países Baixos, Porto Rico, Portugal, Reino Unido e Uruguai. Quanto às barreiras não-tarifárias, especificamente as barreiras técnicas são as que mais afetam as exportações, na percepção dos frigoríficos, sendo as principais: requisitos de inspeção, registro do estabelecimento exportador-SIF, inspeção prévia, sanitárias, requisitos de etiquetas, registro do produto, regulamentações técnicas e padronização, requisitos ambientais (ISO 14000), normas e impostos indiretos e trâmites aduaneiros excessivos. As barreiras tarifárias são importantes, porém mereceu menos atenção no contexto deste estudo. O processo de exportação de carne bovina envolve três operações básicas, que são as comerciais, financeiras e burocráticas, além de envolver Órgãos Gestores (Secretaria da Receita Federal, Banco Central, Secretaria de Comércio Exterior), Órgãos Anuentes (Ministério da Agricultura – SIF e outros) e Agentes Especializados (Despachante Aduaneiro, Transportadoras Marítimas e Rodoviárias, Bancos, Corretores de Câmbio, Trading Agent, Embalagens e Seguradoras, entre outros).

Mushroom-derived preparations in the prevention of H2O2-induced oxidative damage to cellular DNA

Aqueous extracts of the sporophores of eight mushroom species were assessed for their ability to prevent H2O2-induced oxidative damage to cellular DNA using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. The highest genoprotective effects were obtained with cold (20°C) and hot (100°C) water extracts of Agaricus bisporus and Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies, respectively. No protective effects were observed with Mushroom Derived Preparations (MDPs) from Flammulina velutipes, Auricularia auricula, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus sajor-caju, and Volvariella volvacea. These findings indicate that some edible mushrooms represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds with potential for protecting cellular DNA from oxidative damage. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Tracking the fin trade: Genetic stock identification in western Atlantic scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini

Location or stock-specific landing data are necessary to improve management of shark stocks, especially those imperiled by overexploitation as a result of the international shark fin trade. In the current absence of catch monitoring directly at extraction sites, genetic stock identification of fins collected from major market supply chain endpoints offers an overlooked but potentially useful approach for tracing the fins back to their geographical, or stock of, origin. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we used mitochondrial control region (mtCR) sequences to trace the broad geographical origin of 62 Hong Kong market-derived Sphyrna lewini fins. Of these fins 21% were derived from the western Atlantic, where this species is listed as 'Endangered' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We also show that S. lewini mtCR sequences are geographically segregated in the western Atlantic (overall ΦST = 0.74, n = 177 sharks), indicating that breeding females either remain close to, or home back to, their natal region for parturition. Mixed stock analysis simulations showed that it is possible to estimate the relative contributions of these mitochondrial stocks to fin mixtures in globally sourced trade hubs. These findings underscore the feasibility of using genetic stock identification to source market-derived shark fins to obtain essential and otherwise unavailable data on exploitation levels, and thus to productively inform stock assessment and management of S. lewini and potentially also of other fished shark species. © Inter-Research 2009.

Desarrollo histórico y aceptación política del concepto de cobranza por el uso de la vialidad urbana congestionada

Incluye Bibliografía

e-Government architectures, technical and political situation in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Reflexiones sobre la industrialización exportadora del Sudeste Asiático

Incluye Bibliografía

Some reflections on South-East Asian export industrialization

Includes bibliography

The who start study suicidal behaviors across different areas of the world

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) study entitled Suicide Trends in At-Risk Territories (START) is an international multisite initiative that aims to stimulate suicide research and prevention across different areas of the globe. A central component of the study is the development of registration systems for fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviors. Aims: This paper provides an overview of the data collected on suicidal behaviors from the participating locations in the START study. Method: Descriptive statistics on the data are presented in terms of age, sex, and method. Results: Agreater proportion of suicide deaths occurred among males. In all areas except the Philippines more females than males engaged in nonfatal suicidal behaviors. Compared to Australia, Italy, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Hong Kong SAR, in the Pacific Islands suicide most often occurs in younger age groups. Results indicate notable variations between countries in choice of method. A greater proportion of suicides occurred by hanging in Pacific Islands, while inhalation of carbon monoxide, use of firearms, ingestion of chemicals and poisons, and drug overdose were the most frequent methods of choice in other areas. Conclusion: The information drawn from this study demonstrates the enormous variation in suicidal behavior across the areas involved in the START Study. Further research is needed to assess the reliability of the established data-recording systems for suicidal behaviors. The baseline data established in START may allow the development of suicide prevention initiatives sensitive to variation in the profile of suicide across different locations. © 2013 Hogrefe Publishing.

ECLAC Notes. Special Issue

Special Issue: Preserving the Multilateral Trading System: An Evaluation of Doha The Underlying Reasons Uncertain Status of Initiatives for Developing Countries Hong Kong Ministerial Accord on Export Subsidies Main Differences in Agriculture The Perfect is Enemy of the Good Obstacles to Negotiating Access to Agricultural Product Markets Multilateralism, the Main Casualty The Benefits of the WTO Importance of Renewing Negotiations for Latin America

Notas de la CEPAL. Número Especial

Número Especial Preservar el sistema multilateral de comercio: una evaluación de Doha Las razones de fondo Incierto status de iniciativas a favor de países en desarrollo Acuerdo de Hong Kong sobre subsidios a las exportaciones Las principales diferencias en agricultura Lo perfecto es enemigo de lo bueno Dificultades en negociaciones de acceso a mercados de productos agrícolas Multilateralismo, la principal víctima Los beneficios de la OMC Importancia para la región de reanudar negociaciones

As implicações do programa 'São Paulo faz escola' no trabalho docente de professores iniciantes: um estudo de caso

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Mudança curricular e a construção do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo na educação física

To understand how teachers deal with curriculum change proposals, and how their professional knowledge are involved in this process, is critical in order to understand the impact of these changes in pedagogical practice. From L. S. Shulman’s typology of teacher knowledge, we aimed to describe and interpret how a Physical Education teacher deals with the pedagogical content knowledge when developing a theme from Curriculum Proposal of Physical Education from the State of São Paulo (PPC-EF). A case study was conducted with the use of semi-structured interviews and classroom observation. The teacher made adjustments at the approach and activities suggested by the PPC-PE, mobilizing several teacher knowledge, and her autonomy was not removed. On the other hand, difficulties in relating “theory” and “practice” indicate the need for construction of pedagogical content knowledge to better direct the learning of students to the critical appropriation of movement culture.