Deformation behaviour of Rheocast A356 Al alloy at microlevel considering approximated RVEs

A micromechanical approach is considered here to predict the deformation behaviour of Rheocast A356 (Al-Si-Mg) alloy. Two representative volume elements (RVEs) are modelled in the finite element (FE) framework. Two dimensional approximated microstructures are generated assuming elliptic grains, based on the grain size, shape factor and area fraction of the primary Al phase of the said alloy at different processing condition. Plastic instability is shown using stress and strain distribution between the Al rich primary and Si rich eutectic phases under different boundary conditions. Boundary conditions are applied on the approximated RVEs in such a manner, so that they represent the real life situation depending on their position on a cylindrical tensile test sample. FE analysis is carried out using commercial finite element code ABAQUS without specifying any damage or failure criteria. Micro-level in-homogeneity leads to incompatible deformation between the constituent phases of the rheocast alloy and steers plastic strain localisation. Plastic stain localised regions within the RVEs are predicted as the favourable sites for void nucleation. Subsequent growth of nucleated voids leads to final failure of the materials under investigation.

Studies on RF Magnetron Sputtered HfO2 Thin Films for Microelectronic Applications

We investigated the effect of oxygen flow rate during the reactive magnetron sputtering on the compositional, structural, optical and electrical properties of HfO2 films. We also studied the influence of annealing temperature on the structural and electrical properties of optimized HfO2 films of 25 to 30 nm thick. X-ray photoelectron study reveals that the films deposited at 15 SCCM of oxygen flow rate are stoichiometric and have an optical band gap of 5.86 eV. X-ray diffraction indicates that films without oxygen flow are amorphous, and beyond an oxygen flow rate of 5 SCCM exhibit polycrystalline monoclinic structure. At an annealing temperature of 600 degrees C, tetragonal phase was observed besides the monoclinic phase. The dielectric constant of 11 and low leakage currents of 1 x 10(-7) A/cm(2) were achieved for the stoichiometric films. As-deposited films show significant frequency dispersion due to the presence of defect states at the HfO2/Si interface, and it reduces after annealing.

Comments on ``Influence of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD mixed convection flow'' by K. Das JMST 28 (5) (2014) 1881 similar to 1885] and ``Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet'' by K. Das JMST 28 (12) 5089 similar to 5094]

In this letter, we submit our comment on the following recently published papers by Kalidas Das: (1) ``Influence of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD mixed convection flow,'' Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (5) (2014) 1881-1885; and (2) ``Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet,'' Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (12) (2014) 5089-5094. The authors attempt to present the similarity solutions in both papers. We comment that the similarity transformations considered in Refs. 1, 2] are incorrect. Thus, the results presented by Kalidas Das lead to invalid conclusions.

Design and Validation of On-chip Planar Mixer Based on Advection and Viscoelastic Effects

Mixing at low Reynolds number is usually due to diffusion and requires longer channel lengths for complete mixing. In order to reduce the mixing lengths, advective flow can be induced by varying the channel geometry. Additionally, in non-newtonian fluids, appropriate modifications to channel geometry can be used to aid the mixing process by capitalizing on their viscoelastic nature. Here we have exploited the advection and viscoelastic effects to implement a planar passive micro-mixer. Microfluidic devices incorporating different blend of mixing geometries were conceived. The optimum design was chosen based on the results of the numerical simulations performed in COMSOL. The chosen design had sudden expansion and contraction along with teeth patterns along the channel walls to improve mixing. Mixing of two different dyes was performed to validate the mixing efficiency. Particle dispersion experiments were also carried out. The results indicated effective mixing. In addition, the same design was also found to be compatible with electrical power free pumping mechanism like suction. The proposed design was then used to carry out on-chip chemical cell lysis with human whole blood samples to establish its use with non-newtonian fluids. Complete lysis of the erythrocytes was observed leaving behind the white blood cells at the outlet.

PICES Press, Vol. 10, No. 2, July 2002

International symposium on North Pacific transitional areas [pp. 1-4] [pdf, 0.8 Mb] PICES Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) Workshop [pp. 5-7] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] Joint meeting on Causes of marine mortality of salmon [pp. 8-9] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] The state of the western North Pacific in the second half of 2001 [pp. 10-11] [pdf, 0.5 Mb] State of the eastern North Pacific in spring 2002 [pp. 12-13] [pdf. 0.4 Mb] The status of the Bering Sea in the second half of 2001 [pp. 14-15] [pdf. 0.3 Mb] PICES Workshop on “Perturbation analysis” on subarctic Pacific gyre ecosystem models [pp. 16-17] [pdf. 0.4 Mb] Status and future plans for SOLAS-Japan [pp. 18-20] [pdf. 0.5 Mb] China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center: A bridge across the Yellow Sea to connect Chinese and Korean oceanographic institutes and scientists [pp. 21-22] [pdf. 0.3 Mb] Persistent changes in the California Current ecosystem [pp. 23-24] [pdf. 0.2 Mb] The Hokusei Maru: 53 years of research in the Pacific [pp. 25-28] [pdf. 0.5 Mb] First meeting of the CLIVAR Pacific Panel [pp. 29-30] [pdf. 0.3 Mb] Call for contributions to the North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report [p. 31] [pdf. 0.2 Mb] PICES announcements [p. 32] [pdf. 0.2 Mb]

PICES Press, Vol. 9, No. 2, July 2001

Cover [pdf, 0.2 Mb] Climate, biodiversity and ecosystems of the North Pacific [pp. 1-2] [pdf, 0.2 Mb] The state of the western North Pacific in the second half of 2000 [pp. 3-5] [pdf, 0.8 Mb] The status of the Bering Sea: June – December 2000 [pp. 6-7] [pdf, 1.5 Mb] The state of the eastern North Pacific since autumn 2000 [p. 8] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] Korean Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Program [pp. 9-12] [pdf, 0.5 Mb] Past and ongoing Mexican ecosystem research in the northeast Pacific Ocean [pp. 13-15] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] Vera Alexander [pp. 16-19] [pdf, 1.0 Mb] North Pacific CO2 data for the new millennium [pp. 20-21] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] PICES Higher Trophic Level Modelling Workshop [pp. 22-23] [pdf, 0.4 Mb] Argo Science Team 3rd Meeting (AST-3) [pp. 24-25] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] 2001 coast ocean / salmon ecosystem event [p. 26-27] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] Shifts in zooplankton abundance and species composition off central Oregon and southwestern British Columbia [pp. 28-29] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] The CLIVAR - Pacific Workshop [p. 30] [pdf, 0.2 Mb] PICES dialogue with Mexican scientists [p. 31] [pdf, 0.2 Mb] Announcements [p. 32] [pdf, 0.2 Mb]

PICES Press, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2000

The state of PICES science - 1999 The status of the Bering Sea: January - July, 1999 The state of the western North Pacific in the second half of 1998 The state of the eastern North Pacific since February 1999 MEQ/WG 8 Practical Workshop Michael M. Mullin - A biography Highlights of Eighth Annual Meeting Mechanism causing the variability of the Japanese sardine population: Achievements of the Bio-Cosmos Project in Japan Climate change, global warming, and the PICES mandate – The need for improved monitoring The new age of China-GLOBEC study GLOBEC activities in Korean waters Aspects of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

PICES-GLOBEC International Program on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity: Report of the 1999 MONITOR and REX Workshops, and the 2000 MODEL Workshop on Lower Trophic Level Modelling

Table of Contents [pdf, 0.11 Mb] Executive Summary [pdf, 0.07 Mb] MODEL Task Team Workshop Report Final Report of the International Workshop to Develop a Prototype Lower Trophic Level Ecosystem Model for Comparison of Different Marine Ecosystems in the North Pacific [pdf, 11.64 Mb] Report of the 1999 MONITOR Task Team Workshop [pdf, 0.32 Mb] Report of the 1999 REX Task Team Workshop Herring and Euphausiid population dynamics Douglas E. Hay and Bruce McCarter Spatial, temporal and life-stage variation in herring diets in British Columbia [pdf, 0.10 Mb] Augustus J. Paul and J. M. Paul Over winter changes in herring from Prince William Sound, Alaska [pdf, 0.08 Mb] N. G. Chupisheva Qualitative texture characteristic of herring (Clupea pallasi pallasi) pre-larvae developed from the natural and artificial spawning-grounds in Severnaya Bay (Peter the Great Bay) [pdf, 0.07 Mb] Gordon A. McFarlane, Richard J. Beamish and Jake SchweigertPacific herring: Common factors have opposite impacts in adjacent ecosystems [pdf, 0.15 Mb] Tokimasa Kobayashi, Keizou Yabuki, Masayoshi Sasaki and Jun-Ichi Kodama Long-term fluctuation of the catch of Pacific herring in Northern Japan [pdf, 0.39 Mb] Jacqueline M. O’Connell Holocene fish remains from Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada [pdf, 0.40 Mb] Elsa R. Ivshina and Irina Y. Bragina On relationship between crustacean zooplankton (Euphausiidae and Copepods) and Sakhalin-Hokkaido herring (Tatar Strait, Sea of Japan) [pdf, 0.14 Mb] Stein Kaartvbeedt Fish predation on krill and krill antipredator behaviour [pdf, 0.08 Mb] Nikolai I. Naumenko Euphausiids and western Bering Sea herring feeding [pdf, 0.07 Mb] David M. Checkley, Jr. Interactions Between Fish and Euphausiids and Potential Relations to Climate and Recruitment [pdf, 0.08 Mb] Vladimir I. Radchenko and Elena P. Dulepova Shall we expect the Korf-Karaginsky herring migrations into the offshore western Bering Sea? [pdf, 0.75 Mb] Young Shil Kang Euphausiids in the Korean waters and its relationship with major fish resources [pdf, 0.29 Mb] William T. Peterson, Leah Feinberg and Julie Keister Ecological Zonation of euphausiids off central Oregon [pdf, 0.11 Mb] Scott M. Rumsey Environmentally forced variability in larval development and stage-structure: Implications for the recruitment of Euphausia pacifica (Hansen) in the Southern California Bight [pdf, 3.26 Mb] Scott M. Rumsey Inverse modelling of developmental parameters in Euphausia pacifica: The relative importance of spawning history and environmental forcing to larval stage-frequency distributions [pdf, 98.79 Mb] Michio J. Kishi, Hitoshi Motono & Kohji Asahi An ecosystem model with zooplankton vertical migration focused on Oyashio region [pdf, 33.32 Mb] PICES-GLOBEC Implementation Panel on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity Program Executive Committee and Task Team List [pdf, 0.05 Mb] (Document pdf contains 142 pages)

Proximate and fatty acid composition of 40 southeastern U.S. finfish species

This report describes the proximate compositions (protein, moisture, fat, and ash) and major fatty acid profiles for raw and cooked samples of 40 southeastern finfish species. All samples (fillets) were cooked by a standard procedure in laminated plastic bags to an internal temperature of 70'C (lS8'F). Both summarized compositional data, with means and ranges for each species, and individual sample data including harvest dates and average lengths and weights are presented. When compared with raw samples, cooked samples exhibited an increase in protein content with an accompanying decrease in moisture content. Fat content either remained approximately the same or increased due to moisture loss during cooking. Our results are discussed in reference to compositional data previously published by others on some of the same species. Although additional data are needed to adequately describe the seasonal and geographic variations in the chemical compositions of many of these fish species, the results presented here should be useful to nutritionists, seafood marketers, and consumers.(PDF file contains 28 pages.)

Veränderungen sensorischer und instrumenteller Parameter während der Gefrierlagerung von Ostseedorsch (Gadus morhua) bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen

Changes in sensory and instrumental quality parameter sand in thawing drip, cooking drip and total drip loss of frozen stored Baltic cod fillets (Gadus morhua) at different storage temperatures were investigated. Cod fillets stored at –20 °C and –30 °C exhibited the lowest drip losses and obtained the highest sensory scores. Drip losses were found to be highest in cod fillets stored at –10°C and in double frozen fillets stored at –20 °C. These two experiments also gave the lowest sensory scores. The texture parameters increased during storage parallel with storage time. The waterbinding capacity was lowest at –10 °C and almost constant at –30 °C. There is a good correlation between the sensory scores for “tough” and the instrumental texture measurement for hardness and chewiness.

Qualitätsveränderung von rohen Fischfilets bei Kühlschrank-Lagerung

Raw fillets of saithe, red fish and salmon were stored over a period of 2 days at 6 to 9 °C before preparing by frying, deep-frying or cooking in a microwave oven. The raw and prepared fillets were tested for bacterial loads, TVBN (total volatile basic nitrogene) and for the sensorial status. It was shown that saithe and red fish started more rapidly to spoil under these conditions than salmon. The fillets showed growing bacterial populations and produced high amounts of TVBN. Sensory changes, especially in flavour and odour, took place but the scores kept in an acceptable range. The investigations indicated that it is possible to store raw fillets for 1 or even 2 days in refrigerator but due to the loss of quality it is recommended to use only really fresh fillets stored in very clean containers. It was further shown that it is very important to heat fillets sufficiently during cooking or frying in order to destroy all microorganisms and to obtain safe and stable meals.

Qualitätsvergleich zwischen maschinen- und handgeschälten Nordseegarnelen

After the evaluation of 48 samples consisting of hand and machine-peeled sand shrimps it can be stated that there was no significant difference in quality between both. The quality of the sand shrimps was evaluated by sensorially performed paired comparison as well as by estimating the microbial load and the volatile amines (MMA, DMA, TMA). Additionally, the colour characteristics were measured instrumentally. To characterise the influence of the technological regime measurements of pH and of the salt content were performed. The quality of sand shrimp is further influenced by technological steps as freezing, cooking procedure and preservatives used. From the hygienic point of view the machine-peeling was without any objections. The microbial load was small and below the limit set by EC. Measurement of volatile amines was not suited to make visible difference created be the various peeling methods.

Vitamine in Fischen

Vitamins are organic substances which are present in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs and which are essential for normal physiological functions. The short review gives an overview on the vitamin content in fish and discusses the influence of industrial production and household cooking. The vitamin contents in fish depend on the species and vary considerably. Fish is a rich source of vitamin D and B12. Some species contain also considerable amounts of niacin, vitamin B6 and vitamin E.