872 resultados para Cidade-jardim. Desenho urbano. Ebenezer Howard


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Se é inegável que as questões do meio ambiente atraem uma atenção cada vez maior nos dias de hoje, falta ainda reconhecer a centralidade dos princípios de justiça ambiental para a proteção ecológica, a atividade econômica ou mesmo o futuro da democracia brasileira. Por Justiça Ambiental entenda-se o conjunto de princípios que asseguram que nenhum grupo de pessoas, sejam grupos étnicos, raciais ou de classe, suporte uma parcela desproporcional das conseqüências ambientais negativas de operações econômicas, de políticas e programas federais, estaduais e locais, bem como resultantes da ausência ou omissão de tais políticas. Dito de outra forma, trata-se da espacialização da justiça distributiva, uma vez que diz respeito à distribuição do meio ambiente para os seres humanos. Complementarmente, entende-se por Injustiça Ambiental o mecanismo pelo qual sociedades desiguais destinam a maior carga dos danos ambientais do desenvolvimento a grupos sociais de trabalhadores, populações de baixa renda, grupos raciais discriminados, populações marginalizadas e mais vulneráveis. A qualidade do meio ambiente no qual vivemos influi consideravelmente na própria qualidade de vida. A presença de áreas verdes no universo urbano é um fator essencial no resgate dos aspectos positivos da relação das formas urbanas com a natureza, e a distribuição e a distância entre elas influi diretamente sobre as suas funções econômica, estética, social e ecológica, constituindo-se como indicador relevante para a qualidade de vida. Com isso o trabalho buscou identificar a relação entre a distribuição espacial das áreas verdes em Rio Claro e o perfil socioeconômico das populações adjacentes. A partir do levantamento das áreas verdes urbanas e do índice paulista de vulnerabilidade social para o município de Rio Claro (IPVS), foram calculados os índices de áreas verdes para as regiões de diferente vulnerabilidade socioeconômica

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A partir do desenvolvimento dos espaços públicos de acordo com sua época e respectivas sociedades, estuda-se a proposta de transformar um espaço urbano em lugar na cidade de Dois Córregos. A sociedade atual busca lugares públicos com qualidade, lugares esses que, hoje, precisam oferecer oportunidades de diversas ações e, assim, também possibilitar a mistura de pessoas, ou seja, um lugar de pluralidade. Devido a essa exigência da sociedade do terceiro milênio, tem-se como objetivo projetar conscientemente a fim de explorar a percepção humana na área escolhida pelo presente trabalho, e por fim, requalificar esse espaço urbano em questão

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The construction of the São Paulo International Airport in Guarulhos recorded significant economic growth for the whole region, especially for services and jobs generated. Despite the importance of its presence in Guarulhos, we note the absence of an articulate and committed planning to urban development of the city, mainly in adjacent areas to this airport system planning. Through this stud, we analyzed primarily the major interferences and modifications afforded by its presence in guarulhense spatiality. We found that the government was, to some extent, tolerant to mounting housing in the surrounding area to the airport, from the moment that allowed the diverse urban land use in the place where it was planned to build such equipment. We further note that the airport is developed autonomously to the municipality in which the investments and related works only aim to meet the needs of the enterprise

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Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecnógeno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

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In this study we discuss a range of topics related to urban development from the perspective of connection points between the existence of the individual subjects’ lives. In this connection we identified the signs that express an articulation among subjectivity processes and conditions for interference in the real world, relying on circumscribed remarks about spatial configurations and its uses. This way, the substance of our research is structured upon the concept of fashion brands operating new dynamics of urban lifestyles, a strengthened reliance on the physical body’s appearance and the profusion of a supposed “I”, presented as a spectacle. Taking these assertions as new “trends” on building view-points and contemporary cities, we discuss the implications of these currents on how people gather and organize themselves in the urban landscape, making an effort to comprehend how these vogues reverberate on the (re)production of increasingly segregated cities

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This article discusses, in general matters, the economic and social motivations, the organization and development of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida, made in 2009, by Federal Government of Brazil. The objective of this work was to analyse the Brazilian economic and housing context, and the program relation with the Subprime international crisis, which has been started at United States in 2008, as well as analysing and discussing the logistics and the program accessibility. The MCMV program, part of the PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – has the intention to combat the economic crisis that had been installed and also minimize the deficit housing of the country. From PAC's initial estimate, US$250 Bi, it has been spent US$129 Bi and it has already been approved more than US$125 Bi designated for the second stage of the program, whose the estimate of PAC2 is about one trillion and a half of brazilian reais. One million homes were built between 2009 and 2012, and the goal for 2014 is two million and a half of new residences. If comparing the current program with the oldest programs, progress were observed ,however, problems and inconsistences are clearly seen: in the real concernment, the truly beneficiary, and contradiction between a social and economic program to urban demands, among other situational factors. It’s also evident, the incentivation for a new residential and closed neighbourhoods, thereby adding to the fragmentation of the urban space, beyond of the exclusion socioespacial caused financing of residences in farest allotments. The capitalist production of the space it’s clearly thriving in analysis of thisfinancing package of the urban habitation, where the biggest glebas rise between central neighbourhood and the newest generated suburb, they evidence the negligence of the authorities in well managing the space, not executing the application of urban instruments of planning the social function, and...

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This paper focuses on the implementation of a geological and geotechnical mapping to the planning of the region stream Bertini, territorial expansion area of the municipality of Americana (SP), a medium-sized city in the countryside of Sao Paulo state, with great potential for growth industrial and residential. To this end, based on the methodology established by the Institute for Technological Research, the charters geological and geotechnical aimed at exposing the capabilities and limitations of the soil. The analysis of similar soil characteristics such as geology, geomorphology, slope, geotechnical testing and the current use and land cover was possible to recognize four geotechinical units. The units I and III are related to areas of top and concave and convex parts of the study area, shown to be sites of low occupancy restriction. However the units II and IV, respectively allocated in the floodplain of the Piracicaba River and the banks of the stream Bertini and some of its drainage, showed a more restricted area due to proximity to water bodies and drainages that offer higher slopes.

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The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

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Mirandópolis/SP appeared in 1934 from the railroad “the Brazil Northwest”, that there it served one of the points of its stretch that had as main function to drain the agricultural production northwestern native of São Paulo of that time. The installation of the town happened absent of concerns with initial urbanístico planning, thus modifying its natural landscape and modifying characteristic ambient without compensatory measures aiming at a future expansion of the urban mesh. Fact this that still causes today consequences the quality of life of the people and also the observed thermal comfort later. Ahead of this, the present work had for objective to identify through measurements of temperature and relative humidity of the city of Mirandópolis/SP the differences that in the fabric urban they corroborate for a comfort situation or thermal discomfort to the outdoors in accordance with the Diagram Bioclimático de Olgyay the collection of data was made throughout the month of July of 2011 involving the attainment of information of Temperature and relative humidity of air and questionnaire applied to the passer-bys in the act of the measurements. Also approaching the different thermal dynamic of the zones of housing in relation to the Urban Cannyon that develops the commerce as predominant activity. This research sample that, although a city to be small, the quality of life of its inhabitants is not only guaranteed by the transport or that its thermal comfort reveals inside homogeneous of the urban perimeter, but that it has yes heterogeneidade in the scope of the urban climate in these spaces

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This paper presents a proposal for the creation and revitalization of the IAPI neighborhood in the city of Guaratinguetá, in order to create a relationship of respect between the citizens and students Guaratinguetaenses, improving the quality of life of the entire population of the city. In addition, the presentation of the integration of educational institutions in the city's historical context is important to understand the situation in which the municipality has developed

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Os eventos extremos pluviométricos quando ocorrem em cidades sem um prévio planejamento capaz de suportar tais episódios, trazem certo desconforto para a população e seu habitual modo de vida. Os impactos registrados nos ambientes urbanos estão associados, na maioria das vezes, à inadequação do uso e ocupação do solo urbano. Assim, através deste estudo buscou-se analisar os impactos deflagrados por eventos de precipitação na cidade de Presidente Prudente, baseando-se principalmente no referencial teórico-metodológico Sistema Clima Urbano, em especial, no Subsistema Hidrodinâmico, proposto por Monteiro (1976). Assim, procurou-se analisar os transtornos que ocorreram na dinâmica socioambiental da cidade durante os eventos de precipitação mais expressivos. Para isto foram analisados os dados quantitativos da Estação Meteorológica da FCT/UNESP de Presidente Prudente e também dados qualitativos por meio dos registros dos jornais da cidade. Para as análises quantitativas foram utilizados os dados da estação meteorológica do período de 1969 a 2009, e para as análises qualitativas foi considerado este mesmo período. Através desse estudo, foi possível conhecer e estudar a distribuição espacial dos problemas sociais e ambientais deflagrados pela precipitação no ambiente urbano de Presidente Prudente e também entender a dinâmica desses impactos. Portanto, com este estudo pretende-se contribuir com os órgãos públicos de gestão urbana para que eles possam tomar medidas preventivas para diminuir os impactos em época de chuvas intensas, visando assim, à melhoria da qualidade de vida

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O projeto busca intervir em uma região da cidade de Osasco (Região Metropolitana de Grande São Paulo), que é cortada pelo Rio Tietê, onde o rio acaba por criar uma grande barreira física. Esta barreira, apesar da existência de pontes no local, até hoje não conseguiu ser vencida urbanisticamente, ou seja, a cidade não conseguiu se integrar ao rio. O fato de essa região ser reduto de indústrias, em boa parte abandonadas, somados a poluição do rio, gera um cenário urbano degradado e faz com que a barreira que divide a cidade em duas partes seja maior. O Plano Diretor da cidade já aponta a necessidade de uma revitalização nessa área. A prefeitura da cidade vem desenvolvendo um projeto de revitalização de parte dessa área e ligando os dois lados. Porém essa ligação ainda dá traços de privilegiar mais o automóvel do que o pedestre, até mesmo pela largura considerável do rio nessa região. Nesse ponto, a proposta deste trabalho está em criar um elo de ligação entre as duas margens do rio, de maneira a integrá-lo a cidade e aos cidadãos. Essa integração deve ser segura, pois assaltos são freqüentes nas passarelas dessa região. Também deve apresentar um caráter estético satisfatório e que se encaixe na paisagem. Busca-se também a revitalização da área, com substituição das fábricas e galpões abandonados, por residências, serviços e comércio, assim criando uma nova dinâmica. Então, este trabalho aponta para a criação de um EDIFICIO-PONTE, como tentativa de solucionar o problema dessa ligação (ou falta dela), com segurança, qualidade urbanística, ampliação da dinâmica local, fluxo de pessoas, além de ser um desafio projetual de arquitetura, já que não são tão comuns os edifícios-ponte