TDA-H más que un simple trastorno

El TDA-H es un trastorno que no solo afecta y dificulta al niño su aprendizaje, sino que sus relaciones sociales, su entorno se ven trastornados. Lo que provoca al niño con TDA-H un sentimiento de soledad y de inseguridad que afecta negativa y directamente a su autoestima, lo que acrecienta aun más su problemática. Por ello es importante que familia y escuela se alíen a la hora de luchar contra este trastorno, haciendo partícipe al niño en esta lucha, donde el trió familia-escuela-niñoTDA-H han de trabajar de manera simbiótica, para que el niño pueda superar todas las dificultades que este trastorno arrastra con él. El diagnostico temprano es imprescindible, pero se debe empezar a trabajar a partir de las primeras alarmas que se despierten y que suelen despertarse en la escuela. Esto aliviará e incluso esquivará algunos de los golpes que este niño TDA-H tendrá que ir superando, hasta iniciar su correcto tratamiento.

Pràcticum II de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut

L'autor exposa el treball de camp dut a terme durant més de cent hores de pràctiques en un centre de salut mental, CSAM de Manresa. S'inicia amb una visió general del centre, la seva història i els seus òrgans de funcionament. Es fa una petita exposició dels motius de l'elecció per part de l'alumne, l'orientació teòrica del centre, així com la metodologia utilitzada i la temporalització amb la qual s'ha dut a terme la tasca i, finalment, un seguiment i alguns resultats obtinguts de les sessions que s'han dut a terme en les àrees infanto-juvenil i d'addicció i control d'impulsos en adults. Acaba el treball amb una reflexió per als futurs estudiants de psicologia, en l'àrea clínica: Lluiteu, lluitem tots junts "por un prácticum clínico que no convierta a los estudiantes de psicología en pedigüeños de las prácticas y los coloquen en la zozobra inquieta que les lleve a un peregrinaje absurdo por diversos centros públicos o privados, a la búsqueda de algún paciente al que puedan simplemente observar" (De Josep Mª Farré, Psiquiatre de l'Institut Dexeus, en el llibre de María Dolores Avia (dir), "Cartas a un joven psicólogo", en la seva segonda edició).

Community introduction of practice parameters for autistic spectrum disorders: Advancing early recognition.

OBJECTIVES: Within a strong interdisciplinary framework, improvement in the quality of care for children with autistic spectrum disorders through a 2 year implementation program of Practice Parameters, aimed principally at improving early detection and intervention. METHOD: We developed Practice Parameters (PPs) for Pervasive Developmental Disorders and circulated the PPs to all child and adolescent psychiatrists practicing in the region. RESULTS: PP development and parallel information strategies resulted in a significant decrease of 1.5 years in the mean-age-at-diagnosis. However, further analysis indicated that improvement was only transient. CONCLUSION: Despite the encouraging improvement in mean-age-at-diagnosis 2 years after PP implementation, other indicators showed a failure to maintain the improvements. A systematic screening program would be the most reliable method to reinforce the PPs.

Estudi comparatiu de factors d’incidència en el temps d’estada d’infants i adolescents en diversos centres residencials d’acció educativa (CRAE)

L’estudi es proposa saber si hi ha factors individuals dels infants i adolescents, factors familiars i/o de l’entorn que incideixen en el temps d’estada d’un infant o adolescent en un CRAE. L’estudi també es proposa analitzar els factors institucionals per saber si aquests poden explicar el temps d’estada dels menors en un centre. La mostra, extreta de la base de dades de la Direcció General de la Infància i l’Adolescència, és de 350 individus, amb un internament mitjà de 491 dies, que s’incrementa per cada any d’edat de l’infant en 47 dies. Els resultats mostren que no hi ha un sol factor determinant que incideixi en el temps d’internament, sinó que són una combinació: l’edat del menor, el motiu d’ingrés, les activitats d’alt risc i els conflictes relacionals de risc entre els progenitors, la freqüència de la relació familiar, les característiques personals de l’infant i el tipus i nivell d’integració d’aquest en el centre. La tipologia i les característiques de cada CRAE influeixen en el temps d’estada en un centre (si és exclusivament per a nois disminueix l’estada, mentre que, si és religiós, l’estada s’allarga), però no en les mesures d’èxit pel que fa al desinternament i definides en la recerca, que són homogènies en tots els tipus de centres.

Nine-month-olds' triangular interactive strategies with their parents' couple in low-coordination families: A descriptive study

Observing infants in triadic situations has revealed their triangular competence; namely, their ability to interact with both parents by simultaneously sharing their attention and affects with them. Infants' triangular interaction is linked with the coparenting unit's degree of coordination; in high-coordination (HC) families, parents act as a team in relation to the child, thus drawing clear and flexible boundaries with them; in low-coordination (LC) families, parents either avoid direct interaction with each other and include the child in their unit or join together against the child and exclude him or her, thus drawing inconsistent boundaries with the child. We explored the interactive strategies of LC 9-month-olds (n = 15) with those of their parents, comparing them with HC parents (n = 23) in two conditions: playing with both parents at the same time and witnessing their parents' dialogue. LC infants' affects were less positive; they addressed fewer positive triangular bids to their parents and tended to use a less triangular interactive mode. Thus, LC infants had fewer opportunities than did HC infants to acquire skills necessary for coping with triangular interaction. L'observation de nourrissons dans des situations triadiques a révélé leur compétence triangulaire, c'est-à-dire la capacité à interagir avec les deux parents en partageant simultanément leur attention et leurs affects avec eux. L'interaction triangulaire des nourrissons est liée au degré de coordination de l'unité de coparentage. Dans les familles à coordination élevée (abrégé HC en anglais, CE en français), les parents agissent en relation à l'enfant en tant qu'équipe, et établissent donc des limites claires et flexibles avec les enfants. Dans les familles à coordination faible (abrégé LC en anglais, CF en français), les parents évitent soit l'interaction directe l'un avec l'autre et incluent l'enfant dans leur unité, ou bien ils se liguent contre l'enfant et l'excluent, établissant donc des limites contradictoires avec l'enfant. Nous explorons les stratégies interactives de bébés de 9 mois CF avec celle de leurs parents, en les comparant avec des parents CE (N = 23) dans deux conditions: le jeu avec les deux parents au même moment et l'observation du dialogue des parents. Les affects des bébés CF étaient moins positifs. Les bébés se tournaient moins triangulairement vers leurs parents et avaient tendance à utiliser un mode interactif moins triangulaire. Les bébés CF avaient donc moins de chances que les bébés CE d'acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour faire face avec une interaction triangulaire.

Health facility environment as humanization strategy care in the pediatric unit: systematic review

Objective: To identify and analyze the production of knowledge about the strategies that health care institutions have implemented to humanize care of hospitalized children. Method: This is a systematic review conducted in the Virtual Health Library - Nursing and SciELO, using the seven steps proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. Results: 15 studies were selected, and strategies that involved relationship exchanges were used between the health professional, the hospitalized child and their families, which may be mediated by leisure activities, music and by reading fairy tales. We also include the use of the architecture itself as a way of providing welfare to the child and his/her family, as well as facilitating the development of the work process of health professionals. Conclusion: Investments in research and publications about the topic are necessary, so that, the National Humanization Policy does not disappear and that the identified strategies in this study do not configure as isolated and disjointed actions of health policy.


Meanings attributed by family members in pediatrics regarding their interactions with nursing professionals

Abstract OBJECTIVE Understanding the meanings attributed by family caregivers of children in hospital environments about their interactions with nursing professionals. METHODS This qualitative study used Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical reference and Grounded Theory as the methodological framework. It was carried out in a Pediatrics Center in southern Brazil, in the first half of 2013. Participants were 15 family caregivers of hospitalized children. Data were collected through interviews and submitted to open and axial analysis. RESULTS Interactions with the nursing team enable family to trust or distrust in the provided child care and to positively evaluate the care received. CONCLUSION Interactions between family members and the nursing team contribute to the significance attributed by the family to the nursing care received by the child. Nurses should be aware of the attitudes of the nursing team regarding the child and their family, prioritizing humanized care.

(Re-) Shaping hatred: Anti-Semitic attitudes in Germany, 1890-2006

In this paper, we assess the determinants of long-run persistence of localculture, and examine the success of policy interventions designed to change attitudes.We analyze anti-Semitic attitudes drawing on individual-level survey results fromGermany s social value survey in 1996 and 2006. On average, we find that historicalvoting patterns for anti-Semitic parties between 1890 and 1933 are powerfulpredictors of anti-Jewish attitudes today. There is evidence that transmission takesplace both vertically (parent to child) and horizontally (among peers). Policy modifiedGerman views on Jews in important ways: The cohort that grew up under the Naziregime shows significantly higher levels of anti-Semitism. After 1945, the victoriousAllies implemented denazification programs in their zones of occupation. We usedifferences in these policies between the occupying powers as a source of identifyingvariation. The US and French zones today still show high anti-Semitism, reflecting anambitious botched attempt at denazification. In contrast, the British and Soviet zones,register much lower levels of Jew-hatred.

The renal hemodynamic effects of ibuprofen in the newborn rabbit.

In early childhood, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mainly used to either prevent or treat premature labor of the mother and patent ductus arteriosus of the newborn infant. The most frequently used prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor is indomethacin. Fetuses exposed to indomethacin in utero have been born with renal developmental defects, and in both the unborn child and the term and premature newborn this drug may compromise renal glomerular function. The latter has in the past also been observed when i.v. indomethacin or i.v. acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) were administered to newborn rabbits. The present experiments were designed to evaluate whether ibuprofen has less renal side effects than indomethacin, as claimed. Three groups of anesthetized, ventilated, normoxemic neonatal rabbits were infused with increasing doses of ibuprofen (0.02, 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg body weight) and the following renal parameters were measured: urine volume, urinary sodium excretion, GFR, and renal plasma flow. Renal blood flow, filtration fraction, and the renal vascular resistance were calculated according to standard formulae. Intravenous ibuprofen caused a dose-dependent, significant reduction in urine volume, GFR, and renal blood flow with a fall in filtration fraction in the animals receiving the highest dose of ibuprofen (2 mg/kg body weight). There was a very steep rise in renal vascular resistance. Urinary sodium excretion decreased. These experiments in neonatal rabbits clearly show that acute i.v. doses of ibuprofen also have significant renal hemodynamic and functional side effects, not less than seen previously with indomethacin.