Casas modernas cariocas [1930-1965]

Esta dissertação visa traçar um panorama representativo das casas modernas cariocas dentro do quadro da arquitetura moderna brasileira de 1930 a 1965. Para tanto, utiliza-se da reunião catalográfica de 145 exemplares de autoria de arquitetos nascidos ou radicados no Rio de Janeiro, localizadas no estado do Rio ou eventualmente fora dele. Os objetos de estudo são apresentados cronologicamente em sete períodos, correspondentes à incubação (1930-35), à eclosão (1936-39), à emergência (1940- 45), à consolidação (1946-50), à hegemonia (1951-55), à mutação (1956-60) e ao conseqüente ocaso (1961-65) da arquitetura moderna brasileira. A constituição do panorama é feita sistematicamente sobre dados extraídos da documentação publicada nacional e internacionalmente, através de tabulações e fichamentos. A identificação dos exemplares permite, primeiramente, ampliar e formatar um conjunto disperso; num segundo momento, a leitura dos dados facilita a análise e gera comentários que buscam somar um enfoque qualitativo à coletânea. As verificações corroboram a validade atemporal da arquitetura moderna brasileira e apontam para a necessidade de abertura de colunas intermediárias de classificação, que contemplem os ‘caminhos do meio’ entre o figurativo e o abstrato, o particular e o universal, o vernáculo e o erudito, o tradicional e o moderno.

As casas de Oscar Niemeyer - 1935-1955

A presente dissertação trata das casas projetadas pelo arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer, no período que compreende o início da sua carreira, em 1935, até a revisão autocrítica de 1955 – entre a Emergência e o final da Hegemonia da Arquitetura Moderna Brasileira. As 24 casas do período são apresentadas em ordem cronológica estudadas e analisadas individualmente, em paralelo ao conjunto de sua obra e considerando o contexto arquitetônico local e internacional. Contexto este especificamente representado pelos seus mestres confessos: Lucio Costa e Le Corbusier. As análises específicas de cada casa abordam: a sua motivação, o contexto histórico-cultural, os seus clientes, o lugar onde estão (ou estariam) e os seus aspectos compositivos, formais, funcionais e técnico-construtivos. O conjunto e contexto aparecem como suporte para a comparação, verificação de precedência, de influência, de renovação ou realimentação. Os resultados foram classificados, listados e quantificados afim de permitir futuros estudos sobre o tema. O trabalho procura também contribuir como meio de compilação, preservação e registro iconográfico desta parcela da obra de Niemeyer.

Casas modernas na orla marítima de João Pessoa 1960 a 1974

This paper studies modern houses built in the neighborhoods of Cabo Branco, Tambaú and Manaíra by the seafront in Joao Pessoa, built between 1960 and 1974. We start from the already widespread notion that Brazilian Modern Architecture was inspired by foreign ways, mainly European but also American here recast, adapted, often innovating repertoire and ideas received (Y. BRUAND, 2005; H. SEGAWA, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; M. M. ACAYABA e S. FICHER, 1982; M. B. C. ARANHA, 2008; F. C. L. LARA, 2001; R. V. ZEIN, 2005; L. E. AMORIM, 1999, C. V. STINCO, 2010). With this look, after a field study, we collected 61 specimens in the collection of the Central Archive of João Pessoa City Hall, in order to identify which reformulations, adaptations or innovations would exist in modern houses built along the coast in João Pessoa. As we try to analyze the houses by what the bibliography had suggested (G. C. ARGAN, 1992; L. CORBUSIER, 2002; C.E.D. e M. ADRIÀ, 2007; K. FRAMPTON, 1997; H. H. HITCHCOCK, 1976; L. BENEVOLO, 2004; R. DE FUSCO, 1992, N . PEVSNER, 2002; M. RAGON, 1986; B. RISEBERO, 1982; E. ROBBINS, 1997; W. J. R. CURTIS, 1982; V. SCULLY, 2003; B. ZEVI, 1984; D. DUNST, 1999; A. COLQUHOUN, 2002; R. WESTON, 2005; A. IÑAKI, 2006; J. PETER, 1994) the starting idea seemed to us not sufficiently developed. So we decided, first, to undertake a literature review comparing speech and image of modern houses most often cited by international and national literature, following a script freely inspired the Vitruvian triad: the functional and spatial (sectorization, guidance, spatiality, movement); constructive aspects (structural elements, modulation, deck, sealing), and aesthetic aspects (composition, apertures, ornaments) (Cap.1), then cast a look under this same route in 61 specimens obtained initially, trying to verify any specificities they would have (Cap.2). Failing to deepen the analysis of all these examples, we chose 10 projects which were redesigned and described in more detail to which we supplement with the aspects of place - location / lot location, access, axiality. (E. C. MAHFUZ, 2002; J. C. MIGUEL, 2000; E. C. CHEREGATI, 2007; M. COTRIM, 2007). (Cap. 3). The documentation and description resulting allowed us to approach some related questions about the canonical transcripts hybridizing, adoptions and any vernacular innovations of modern houses along the coast, We conclude that the appellants and anachronistic elements isolates found in each of the studied bind to the Brazilian Modern Architecture

Política cultural no RN: uma avaliação das casas de cultura popular (2003/2010)

The issue of public policy for the culture area has experienced a significant increase of interest of academic researchers. The research "Cultural Policy in infants: an evaluation of the home culture (2003/2010)" aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cultural policy in Rio Grande do Norte in the period 2003/2010. When was the program created and deployed the houses of popular culture. Specifically, he sought: a) mapping the major elements of cultural policy in the RN during the chronological period mentioned b) hold up in more detail in the description of the implementation process of the houses of popular culture, c) investigate cultural actions implemented by the houses of popular culture and its effectiveness. The methodological process consisted of a review of the literature on culture, cultural policy, public policy and public policy evaluation for the construction of the theoretical-analytical, documentary research in public and private institutions related cultural production; interview with managers and cultural producers in visits field research conducted in seven major houses of popular culture, taken as a sample of the total d 29 outlets installed during the chronological period mentioned. The survey found that the program houses RN popular culture in general was effective in meeting its objectives, among which the decentralization of cultural inclusion in the artist market cultural production, the promotion of folk traditions in the region , respect and support for new artists, respect and support for popular memory

Estudo térmico e de materiais de um compósito à base de gesso e EPS para construção de casas populares

A housing unit was built to study the thermal performance, and of material using a composite made of gypsum and EPS ground. We used two techniques of construction, using blocks, and filling on the spot. Two compositions of the composite were studied. The blocks were fixed using conventional mortar. In the technical of filling on the spot were used PET bottles up inside the walls to provide mechanical and thermal resistance. Compression tests were realized according to the ABNT standard of sealing bricks. It is going to be shown an analysis of the thermal comfort through the use of thermocouples placed on the walls of the building, internally and externally. The manufacturing viability of houses, using recyclable materials, through the use of composite materials proposed will be demonstrated. The constructive aspects showing the advantages and disadvantages of the technique used also will be broached. The block used presents structural functions and thermal insulating, is low cost and represents an alternative to the use of EPS and PET bottles which are materials that end up occupying much space in the landfills, giving than an ecologically correct use. The results of thermal analysis shows the thermal comfort provided by the composite by the obtainment of a difference between the internal and external surfaces of the walls more exposed to the sun around 7º C. The average temperature of the air inside the building, around 28.0 º C was below the zone of thermal comfort recommended for countries with hot weather

Viabilidade de utilização de um compósito a partir de resíduos para a construção de casas populares

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico