Bioaerossóis bacterianos em um hospital

Microbial contamination of an enclosed area may come from outside or be generated within the area itself. In the study described here, bioaerosol levels in hospital air were quantified and related to those found in the air outside, taking into account some of the environmental variables that affect air quality, such as the number of occupants of a room and the type of ventilation. Airborne bacteria were collected for five minute by blowing air at 500 L min -1 in high speed jets on to the surface on plates culture in a single-stage bioaerosol impactor. The mean viable count of bacteria in the air outside in the hospital, São Paulo State, was 77 ± 4 CFU m -3, while in the air inside the hospital it was 302 ± 260 CFU m-3. The operating theatre was the only space sampled with a controlled environment and, after orthopedic surgery, it had the highest bioaerosol count recorded (867 ± 482 CFU m-3). In the enclosed environments, nine bacterial species were identified. Despite the difficulty in establishing precise numbers of bacteria in the bioaerosols in hospital environments, the values obtained demonstrate a need to instigate suitable programs to keep the microbial density low in these environments, and eliminate microorganisms presenting a significant risk to their occupants. It is also recommended that such programs include the monitoring of hospital air, with the aim of defining standards for acceptable numbers of bacteria in the bioaerosol.

Variação temporal da resistividade elétrica em contaminação por gasolina

The definition of models and base parameters for application of investigation tools in environment with high complexity are a basic premise to any sciences. The geophysics is a science with solid theoretical base and applications in diversified areas of the sciences geological, astronomical, meteorological, among many others. Its application in environmental studies is relatively recent and needs further research. To understand the behavior of resident contaminants in a dynamic and complex environment as the geological, it requests studies in scale laboratorial, under control of factors seasonality variable. This work simulates a leak of gasoline in soil, under conditions and in laboratory scale, with the objective of monitoring the temporary behavior of the hydrocarbon under the optics of variation of the parameter physical electric resistivity. The results indicate increase of the resistivity in recent periods the contamination, followed for stability in the values and finally fall and return tendency to the natural conditions.

El medio ambiente y la maquila en México: un problema ineludible

Incluye Bibliografía

La liberalización comercial y los acuerdos de libre comercio: perspectivas ambientales para Centroamérica

Incluye Bibliografía

Análisis económico de los costos externos ambientales de la generación de energía eléctrica

Incluye Bibliografía

Desarrollo sostenible, reglas comerciales y estrategias de inserción de América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Análisis económico de externalidades ambientales. Guía para decisores

Incluye Bibliografía

"Tablero de comando" para la promoción de los biocombustibles en Colombia

Incluye Bibliografía

Los instrumentos económicos en la gestión del agua: el caso de Costa Rica

Incluye Bibliografía

El mercado de carbono en América Latina y el Caribe: balance y perspectivas

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas e instrumentos para mejorar la gestión ambiental de las PYMES y promover la oferta de bienes y servicios ambientales: el caso mexicano

Incluye Bibliografía

Evolución de las emisiones industriales potenciales en América Latina, 1970-2000

Incluye Bibliografía

Consideraciones ambientales en torno a los biocombustibles líquidos

Incluye Bibliografía

Contaminación industrial en los países latinoamericanos pre y post reformas económicas

Incluye Bibliografía

Uso de instrumentos económicos para la gestión ambiental en Costa Rica

Incluye Bibliografía