Momentum dependence of the phi-meson nuclear transparency

The production of φ mesons in proton collisions with C, Cu, Ag, and Au targets has been studied via the φ → K + K − decay at an incident beam energy of 2.83 GeV using the ANKE detector system at COSY. For the first time, the momentum dependence of the nuclear transparency ratio, the in-medium φ width, and the differential cross section for φ -meson production at forward angles have been determined for these targets over the momentum range of 0.6-1.6 GeV /c. There are indications of a significant momentum dependence in the value of the extracted φ width, which corresponds to an effective φN absorption cross section in the range of 14-21 mb.

Online drawings for dementia diagnose: in-air and pressure information analysis

In this paper we present experimental results comparing on-line drawings for control population (left and right hand) as well as Alzheimer disease patients. The drawings have been acquired by means of a digitizing tablet, which acquires time information angles and pressures. Experimental measures based on pressure and in-air movements appear to be significantly different for both groups, even when control population performs the tasks with the non-dominant hand.

Liikeidean kehittäminen case; videoneuvotteluna toteutettava opetus

Tutkielman aihealue kuuluu liikeidean kehittämisen kenttään. Tutkielmassa on teoreettinen ja empiirinen osa. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen alussa käsitellään tietoyhteiskuntaa eri näkökulmista käsin. Lisäksi on käsitelty videoneuvotteluna toteutettua opetusta ja videoneuvottelutekniikkaa sekä pohdittu etäopetuskäsitteen suhdetta videoneuvotteluvälitteiseen opetukseen. Koska tutkielmassa on innovatiivinen ote, on lähdeaineiston avulla käsitelty myös innovaatioita. Liikeidean kehittämisen tueksi on selvennetty toiminta-ajatuksen ja liikeidean käsitteitä. Empiirinen osa rakentuu kyselytutkimuksen tulosten esittelyn sekä liikeidean kehittämisen ympärille. Empiirisen osan päätavoite on kehittää liikeideaa yritykselle, joka välittäisi erityisasiantuntijatason opetusta videoneuvottelujärjestelmien kautta. Liikeidean kehittämisen tueksi ja sen testaamiseksi on suoritettu sähköpostin avulla kyselytutkimus valitussa asiakaskohderyhmässä. Kyselytutkimuksen perusteella videoneuvottelujärjestelmien kautta välitettävälle erityisasiantuntemukselle on kysyntää. Videoneuvotteluna toteutettavaan opetukseen on mahdollista rakentaa moniulotteisesti asiakkaiden arvostamaa lisäarvoa. Liikeidean toteutuksen onnistumisen kannalta kriittisen tärkeitä tekijöitä ovat oikean asiakaskohderyhmän valitseminen, koulutussuunnittelu sekä markkinoinnin onnistuminen Erittäin kriittinen tekijä on erityisasiantuntijoiden "sisäänosto".

Opettajan monikulttuurinen työ

Teacher's multicultural work The purpose of the present study is to explore teachers’ conceptions of their work as teachers of multicultural students. Teachers’ experiences of multicultural work and conceptions derived from them are part of the teacher’s multicultural competence which is seen as a key component of the teacher’s multicultural teachership. The teacher’s multicultural competence consists of the teacher’s cultural knowledge, pedagogical skills and experiences and attitudes related to multiculturalism. The teacher’s multicultural competence constitutes the basis on which the teacher implements multicultural education. The foundation for the teacher’s work is laid by laws and decrees, curricula, regulations issued by authorities in charge of the education of immigrant students, resources available and other demands and expectations set by the ambient society. The study was conducted in the city of Turku, Finland. The sample consisted of class teachers who taught both immigrant and majority students. Main objects of study in the theoretical part are the multicultural and pluralistic school and the multicultural teachership. The basic assumption is that the multicultural and pluralistic school forms the frame of activity in which the teacher implements multicultural teaching. The research strategy is based on methodological triangulation. The quantitative part of the study was carried out using a questionnaire typical of survey methods. The questionnaire was returned by 71 teachers. The qualitative part was conducted using theme-based interviews typical of phenomenological philosophical research. Of the total of teachers who returned the questionnaire, twelve (12) teachers were selected for interviews. According to the results, the participating teachers enjoyed their work regardless of the ample extra work caused by the students with immigrant backgrounds. The teachers experienced their work as teachers of multicultural student groups as strenuous, yet challenging. Students with immigrant backgrounds had caused many changes in the teacher’s work. The teachers regarded their multicultural skills as inadequate in relation to the demands of the work. They had not received education related to teaching students with immigrant backgrounds, but they were ready for in-service education. The teachers’ previous attitudes concerning immigrant students had been enforced. Teaching experiences strengthened the earlier, both positive and negative, attitudes. The central problems related to multiculturalism in the teacher’s work were caused by the deficient Finnish skills of the students with immigrant background. This was apparent in both teaching and learning as well as in contacts with parents. The teachers reported on relatively few inclusions of multicultural angles in their teaching. However, they believed that they could aid students with different cultural backgrounds in their integration process. At the same time they felt that their own chances to enhance the students’ cultural identities were slim. On the basis of the interviews conducted in connection with the teacher’s multicultural competence, the teachers were divided into three groups: assimilative, indeterminate and integrating multicultural teachers. The present study provides a strong indication that teachers tend to interpret multiculturalism in narrow terms. School activities, such as Finnish as a second language, first language and religious instruction, which were targeted exclusively at immigrant students were in most cases considered adequate. A holistic, cross-disciplinary, all-inclusive multicultural education that would permeate all school activities remains largely unimplemented.

The political ecology of weeds : a scalar approach to landscape transformations

How do plants that move and spread across landscapes become branded as weeds and thereby objects of contention and control? We outline a political ecology approach that builds on a Lefebvrian understanding of the production of space, identifying three scalar moments that make plants into 'weeds' in different spatial contexts and landscapes. The three moments are: the operational scale, which relates to empirical phenomena in nature and society; the observational scale, which defines formal concepts of these phenomena and their implicit or explicit 'biopower' across institutional and spatial categories; and the interpretive scale, which is communicated through stories and actions expressing human feelings or concerns regarding the phenomena and processes of socio-spatial change. Together, these three scalar moments interact to produce a political ecology of landscape transformation, where biophysical and socio-cultural processes of daily life encounter formal categories and modes of control as well as emotive and normative expectations in shaping landscapes. Using three exemplar 'weeds' - acacia, lantana and ambrosia - our political ecology approach to landscape transformations shows that weeds do not act alone and that invasives are not inherently bad organisms. Humans and weeds go together; plants take advantage of spaces and opportunities that we create. Human desires for preserving certain social values in landscapes in contradiction to actual transformations is often at the heart of definitions of and conflicts over weeds or invasives.

Capability matrix – Identifying and evaluating the key capabilities of purchasing and supply management

Organizations gain resources, skills and technologies to find out the ultimate mix of capabilities to be a winner in the competitive market. These are all important factors that need to be taken into account in organizations operating in today's business environment. So far, there are no significant studies on the organizational capabilities in the field of PSM. The literature review shows that the PSM capabilities need to be studied more comprehensively. This study attempts to reveal and fill this gap by providing the PSM capability matrix that identifies the key PSM capabilities approached from two angles: there are three primary PSM capabilities and nine subcapabilities and, moreover, the individual and organizational PSM capabilities are identified and evaluated. The former refers to the PSM capability matrix of this study which is based on the strategic and operative PSM capabilities that complement the economic ones, while the latter relates to the evaluation of the PSM capabilities, such as the buyer profiles of individual PSM capabilities and the PSMcapability map of the organizational ones. This is a constructive case study. The aim is to define what the purchasing and supply management capabilities are and how they can be evaluated. This study presents a PSM capability matrix to identify and evaluate the capabilities to define capability gaps by comparing the ideal level of PSM capabilities to the realized ones. The research questions are investigated with two case organizations. This study argues that PSM capabilities can be classified into three primary categories with nine sub-categories and, thus, a PSM capability matrix with four evaluation categories can be formed. The buyer profiles are moreover identified to reveal the PSM capability gap. The resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities view (DCV) are used to define the individual and organizational capabilities. The PSM literature is also used to define the capabilities. The key findings of this study are i) the PSM capability matrix to identify the PSM capabilities, ii) the evaluation of the capabilities to define PSM capability gaps and iii) the presentation of the buyer profiles to identify the individual PSM capabilities and to define the organizational PSM capabilities. Dynamic capabilities are also related to the PSM capability gap. If a gap is identified, the organization can renew their PSM capabilities and, thus, create mutual learning and increase their organizational capabilities. And only then, there is potential for dynamic capabilities. Based on this, the purchasing strategy, purchasing policy and procedures should be identified and implemented dynamically.

Biomechanical Changes During a 50-minute Run in Different Footwear and on Various Slopes.

The effects of footwear and inclination on running biomechanics over short intervals are well documented. Although recognized that exercise duration can impact running biomechanics, it remains unclear how biomechanics change over time when running in minimalist shoes and on slopes. Our aims were to describe these biomechanical changes during a 50-minute run and compare them to those observed in standard shoes. Thirteen trained recreational male runners ran 50 minutes at 65% of their maximal aerobic velocity on a treadmill, once in minimalist shoes and once in standard shoes, 1 week apart in a random order. The 50-minute trial was divided into 5-minute segments of running at 0%, +5%, and -5% of treadmill incline sequentially. Data were collected using photocells, high-speed video cameras, and plantar-pressure insoles. At 0% incline, runners exhibited reduced leg stiffness and plantar flexion angles at foot strike and lower plantar pressure at the forefoot and toes in minimalist shoes from minute 34 of the protocol onward. However, only reduced plantar pressure at the toes was observed in standard shoes. Overall, similar biomechanical changes with increased exercise time were observed on the uphill and downhill inclines. The results might be due to the unfamiliarity of subjects to running in minimalist shoes.

Sociolingüística versus política y planificación lingüísticas: distinciones entre los campos y nociones integradoras

En el marc de la visió del fenomen lingüístic com a complex més que no pas com a «objecte», l"aproximació sociolingüística se centra en la llengua i els seus contextos eco-socio-cognitius. Així, la perspectiva sociolingüística es constitueix ineluctablement de forma inter- i transdisciplinària, i se situa clarament en una cruïlla de camins i perspectives que ha d"interrelacionar. No obstant, avui dia la sociolingüística és encara una àrea fragmentada i amb moltes línies d"estudi poc integrades i comunicades, i per tant el seu repte actual i de cara al futur immediat és construir un marc teòric integrador propi en el qual puguin convergir els diferents angles i plans d"estudi. En aquesta recerca d"elements generals unificadors sobresurt una noció que podria actuar si més no d"element cohesionador, i és la que es refereix al fenomen de la sociosignificació extragramàtica relacionat amb la diversitat de «com diem les coses» els humans. Així en societats amb presència de llengües distintes, dir alguna cosa fent-ne servir una o altra pot ser considerat com a significatiu per als interlocutors, tal com pot succeir en el cas de la concurrència de distintes varietats geodialectals o sociodialectals, que poden ser valorades de diferent manera pels parlants. Així mateix, més en el pla interpersonal, la selecció de formes lingüístiques i paralingüístiques adequades és crucial si, per exemple, volem indicar enuig o bé alegria i actitud festiva. Aquesta perspectiva se situa més a prop del «gir cognitivista» en les ciències socioculturals, ja que postula la centralitat del cervell-ment en el control de la conducta humana i, per tant, del comportament lingüístic.

Impact of body tilt on the central aortic pressure pulse.

The present work was undertaken to investigate, in young healthy volunteers, the relationships between the forward propagation times of arterial pressure waves and the timing of reflected waves observable on the aortic pulse, in the course of rapid changes in body position. 20 young healthy subjects, 10 men, and 10 women, were examined on a tilt table at two different tilt angles, -10° (Head-down) and + 45° (Head-up). In each position, carotid-femoral (Tcf) and carotid-tibial forward propagation times (Tct) were measured with the Complior device. In each position also, the central aortic pressure pulse was recorded with radial tonometry, using the SphygmoCor device and a generalized transfer function, so as to evaluate the timing of reflected waves reaching the aorta in systole (onset of systolic reflected wave, sT1r) and diastole (mean transit time of diastolic reflected wave, dMTT). The position shift from Head-up to Head-down caused a massive increase in both Tct (women from 130 ± 10 to 185 ± 18 msec P < 0.001, men from 136 ± 9 to 204 ± 18 msec P < 0.001) and dMTT (women from 364 ± 35 to 499 ± 33 msec P < 0.001, men from 406 ± 22 to 553 ± 21 msec P < 0.001). Mixed model regression showed that the changes in Tct and dMTT observed between Head-up and Head-down were tightly coupled (regression coefficient 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.9-2.3, P < 0.001). These results strongly suggest that the diastolic waves observed on central aortic pulses reconstructed from radial tonometric correspond at least in part to reflections generated in the lower limbs.

People favour imperfect catching by assuming a stable world

The visual angle that is projected by an object (e.g. a ball) on the retina depends on the object's size and distance. Without further information, however, the visual angle is ambiguous with respect to size and distance, because equal visual angles can be obtained from a big ball at a longer distance and a smaller one at a correspondingly shorter distance. Failure to recover the true 3D structure of the object (e.g. a ball's physical size) causing the ambiguous retinal image can lead to a timing error when catching the ball. Two opposing views are currently prevailing on how people resolve this ambiguity when estimating time to contact. One explanation challenges any inference about what causes the retinal image (i.e. the necessity to recover this 3D structure), and instead favors a direct analysis of optic flow. In contrast, the second view suggests that action timing could be rather based on obtaining an estimate of the 3D structure of the scene. With the latter, systematic errors will be predicted if our inference of the 3D structure fails to reveal the underlying cause of the retinal image. Here we show that hand closure in catching virtual balls is triggered by visual angle, using an assumption of a constant ball size. As a consequence of this assumption, hand closure starts when the ball is at similar distance across trials. From that distance on, the remaining arrival time, therefore, depends on ball's speed. In order to time the catch successfully, closing time was coupled with ball's speed during the motor phase. This strategy led to an increased precision in catching but at the cost of committing systematic errors.

De ratones y hombres. Maus, de Art Spiegelman

This article analyses the cómic book Maus, by Art Spiegelman (1986-1991), from two angles: as a work of art dealing with the Holocaust, and as a cómic that subverts the fictional tradition of the genre, opening itself up to history and the narration of reality. Maus, the first cómic book to treat the topic of the Holocaust in depth, was written by a second-generation witness. It is a story of both physical survival and enduring trauma in the family. At the same time, an analysis of the stratevival and enduring trauma in the family. At the same time, an analysis of the strateof the traditional cómic reveals how Spiegelman has used the genre to recount, instead of fiction and for the first time, a historically authentic biographical tale

Necessitats dels familiars de pacients amb càncer

El càncer produeix un impacte a la família en totes les seves esferes, la família ha de modificar les seves rutines familiars i adoptar nous rols. En el moment del diagnòstic del càncer, a cada família hi ha una persona que assumeix el rol de cuidador principal. Aquest cuidador és el que s’ocupa del malalt a casa i fa d’enllaç entre la família i l’equip sanitari. En front del càncer, la família i el cuidador tenen un conjunt de dubtes, d’inquietuds, de preocupacions que s’acaben traduint en necessitats. L’equip sanitari i Infermeria especialment ha d’atendre aquestes necessitats i ajudar a satisfer-les. Objectiu: L’objectiu principal d’aquest treball es descriure quines són les necessitats que presenten la família i el cuidador dels pacients oncològics. Metodologia: Es va dur a terme una revisió de la literatura entre setembre del 2013 i maig del 2014. Es va utilitzar la base de dades Pubmed, a més de pàgines web i llibres. Es van obtenir un total de 75 fonts, 56 en angles, 18 en espanyol i 1 en català. Resultats: La bibliografia agrupa les necessitats de les famílies i els cuidadors en 7 grans categories: físiques, psicològiques i emocionals, socials, de informació i formació, econòmiques, de transport i espirituals. Pel que fa a necessitats més especifiques, algunes de les més freqüents són tenir informació sobre el pronòstic del malalt, assegurar-se de que l’equip sanitari està donant la millor atenció possible al malalt. Sembla haver-hi una relació entre el grau de no satisfacció de les necessitats i el grau d’ansietat i depressió en la família i el cuidador. Els autors consultats no coincideixen en afirmar si la majoria del les necessitats es veuen satisfetes o no. Conclusions: La família i el cuidador d’un pacient amb càncer també han de rebre atenció per part dels professionals. En moltes ocasions la família treu importància a les seves necessitats per tal de que l’equip sanitari es centri només en el malalt. Infermeria té un paper fonamental en detectar les necessitats dels familiars i cuidadors i en ajudar a satisfer-les, de manera que la família estigui en les millors condicions possibles per cuidar del malalt. Paraules clau: Càncer, família, cuidador, necessitats familiars, rol d’Infermeria

Evaluación del estado del arte en relación con la temática, las plataformas y la experiencia del usuario: El documental interactivo en la estrategia de la multidifusión digital

This article argues that interactive documentaries play a key role in digital multicasting strategies the author offers analysis of the latest trends in this area from three angles: the documentery subject, the support/ platform, and the user experience.

El patrimoni educatiu, un element d'una pedagogia cultural i ciutadana

El present article desenvolupa els eixos de pensament que s’estan elaborant des de diferents angles sobre el patrimoni educatiu. Una revisió sobre la importància de les aportacions de les investigacions a l’entorn del patrimoni educatiu permet assenyalar els punts d’inflexió dels museus pedagògics en l’actualitat. Entre aquests destaca la influència que els museus pedagògics, a través de les seves activitats de recerca, difusió i formació, exerceixen en la conformació d’una pedagogia cultural i ciutadana. Amb la irrupció d’una pedagogia d’encuny culturalista, els museus pedagògics recuperen els fonaments i formes de creació de discurs de la pedagogia cultural sorgida a l’inici del segle XX, tot introduint les aproximacions etnogràfiques en les arrels dels estudis i investigacions. D’altra banda, també ressalta el fet que els museus pedagògics resignifiquen la seva acció a partir de les pedagogies ètiques que atorguen un paper principal als projectes de ciutadania. Així, doncs, ambdós aspectes, cultura i ciutadania, es perfilen com els trets diferencials dels museus pedagògics actuals. A més, aquesta caracterització requereix encara d’una reflexió sobre el sentit i amplitud dels canvis introduïts en els projectes museístics.

Rotational assessment of distal femur and its relevance in total knee arthroplasty: analysis by magnetic resonance imaging

AbstractObjective:To define the distal femur rotation pattern in a Brazilian population, correlating such pattern with the one suggested by the arthroplasty instruments, and analyzing the variability of each anatomic parameter.Materials and Methods:A series of 101 magnetic resonance imaging studies were evaluated in the period between April and June 2012. The epidemiological data collection was performed with the aid of the institution's computed imaging system, and the sample included 52 male and 49 female patients. The measurements were made in the axial plane, with subsequent correlation and triangulation with the other plans. The posterior condylar line was used as a reference for angle measurements. Subsequently, the anatomical and surgical transepicondylar axes and the anteroposterior trochlear line were specified. The angles between the reference line and the studied lines were calculated with the aid of the institution's software.Results:The mean angle between the anatomical transepicondylar axis and the posterior condylar line was found to be 6.89°, ranging from 0.25° to 12°. For the surgical transepicondylar axis, the mean value was 2.89°, ranging from –2.23° (internal rotation) to 7.86°, and for the axis perpendicular to the anteroposterior trochlear line, the mean value was 4.77°, ranging from –2.09° to 12.2°.Conclusion:The anatomical transepicondylar angle showed mean values corresponding to the measurement observed in the Caucasian population. The utilized instruments are appropriate, but no anatomical parameter proved to be steady enough to be used in isolation.