961 resultados para Biotecnologia agricola


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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This thesis addresses the development of technoscience in times of transnational globalization and highlights the vulnerability of the discourse of social progress, which may be replaced by evidence of social risk before the artificiality of nature and humanity. That demands an ethical and legal responses to events that impose the necessity of an ethical control in biotechnology research involving human beings contributing to the rise of Bioethics and Biolaw as fields of knowledge. This theme is studied from a multidisciplinary perspective seeking a dynamic dimension in the interpretation of research data reconnecting Social Sciences to Legal Sciences (Biolaw) and to Philosophy (Bioethics), in order to obtain answers to the problems posed. The objective delimited is to examine the interfaces between Biolaw and Bioethics, in order to observe the confluence of these areas of knowledge. Biolaw is considered as a new legal branch derived from the paradigmatic transition of Law and wonders how it will stand before questions resulting of social transformations caused by biotechnological development that endangers humans and society. It is concluded that the relationship between Bioethics and Biolaw is recursive and inseparable and it contributed to the "unthink" of traditional legal model of linear view/reductionist allowing that the "certainties" will be replaced by "possibilities", which comes to enable Biolaw to confront the issues caused by the development of biotechnology that violates physically and morally the human person. It is perceived, therefore, that Biolaw is driven and aided by bioethical reflections and it positions itself before the dilemmas caused by biotechnology in creating, interpreting and applying coercive rules which aims to protect the human being, his offspring and society

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It is been a great deal of interest the studying of the operational performance of tractors and its machinery especially in work conditions. The present study had as objective to evaluate the operational performance of an Aerossolo prototype tracked with a Valtra BM100 4x2 TDA, with the engine power of 73.6 kW (100 cv). The prototype equipment is a drag type, hydraulically commanded, with telescopic heading for longitudinal adjustment, two lateral sections with 28 knifes in each one of them, concrete ballasts, wheels of transport and aggregate breaker coil. The work was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, in a randomized blocks design, factorial 3 x 3, with four repetitions. The nine studied treatments were a combination for three ballast conditions (0; 960 and 1,307 kg) and three angles of the sections (0 degrees; 7 degrees and 14 degrees). The results indicate an increase in operational consumption (liters per hectare) of 32.4% in relation to the concrete ballast addition, and a 26.8% in relation to the angle variation between sections. The working depth, traction force and power demands were higher with the increases in the concrete ballast and the angle variation between sections.

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Brazilian fish farms presented an accelerated development during the early 90's, mainly because of the increase in fee-fishing operations. To meet the demand of this market, fish production and supply became excessive and, as a consequence, the number of fee-fishing operations, farmers and the final selling price, decreased. This study analyzes the technical aspects, production cost, profitability and economic viability of the production of piaucu (L. macrocephalus) in ponds, based on information from a rural property. Feeding and fingerling costs amount to approximately 47.1 % of the total production cost, representing together with the final selling price the most important factor affecting profitability. The payback period was 8.3 years, the liquid present value US$ 291.07, the internal return margin 9%, and the income-outcome ratio was 1.01, which represents an unattractive investment as a projection based on current conditions. The improvement in productive efficiency enhances the economic valuation index, and that the relative magnitude of cost and income are the most important points for the economic viability of the studied farm.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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O presente estudo trata da avaliação da degradação ambiental da bacia do Rio Uberaba, situada no triângulo mineiro, com área de 241.904,30 ha, abrangendo os municípios de Uberaba, Veríssimo, Conceição das Alagoas e pequena porção de Planura. Neste estudo, foi produzido o mapa de degradação ambiental contendo quatro níveis: baixo, moderado, acentuado e severo. Os parâmetros utilizados nesta avaliação foram: vegetação, topografia, solo/geologia, potencial natural de erosão, mecanização, área agrícola, densidade populacional, pecuarização e área de conflito, aos quais foram atribuídos pesos. Para o nível de degradação “baixo”, foram definidos valores ≤ 13 pontos. Para o nível “moderado”, valores situados no intervalo de 14 a 16. Entre 17 e 19 pontos para o nível “acentuado”, e o nível “severo” com valores ≥ 20 pontos. Este estudo consolida as consequências do uso inadequado das terras, não respeitando a sua aptidão natural. As áreas com nível moderado de degradação representam 47%, áreas de nível acentuado (48%), e severo (4%) representam 52%, o que revela indício muito forte no avanço da destruição dos recursos naturais. As áreas classificadas com nível baixo representam apenas 1%, bastante inexpressiva, destacando o descaso na preservação dos recursos naturais.

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The experiment was carried out in green house with the objective of evaluating the effect of the bauxite mining residue in the rates of macronutrients in sugarcane and soil. Containers of 10 L were used. They received the following rates of bauxite residue: 0; 28; 56; 84; 112 and 140 t ha(-1). The used culture was the sugarcane (SP92 4221). The incorporation of the bauxite residue in the soil provided an increase in the levels of the soil macronutrients, and only for sulphur levels above 83 t ha(-1), it was possible to provide reductions of this nutrient. For rates of determined macronutrients in the leaf, levels above 70, 5; 125; 101; 56 t ha (-1) diminished the rates of nitrogen, phosphorum, potassium and sulphur, respectively. However, for calcium and magnesium the use of the residue provided the reduction of leaf rates. The level of the bauxite residue which had the largest production of dry mass was 64 t ha(-1).

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The study aimed to evaluate the radial profile and the uniformity of water distribution of sprinkler manufactured by the company NaanDanJain, model 427 1/2 '' M and nozzle with 2.8 mm of internal diameter, operating at pressures of 150, 200, 300 and 400 kPa and five positions of the deflector (0, 20, 50, 80 and 100%). For the determination of the parameters evaluated, the grid method was used and with the help of computer application CATCH 3D, overlapping layers of water depths was calculated with ten spacing. The results show that the deflector adjustment influences the radius of wetness and the distribution profile while the uniformity of water application showed as an important mechanism, since it permits different behavior for the sprinkler, ensuring wide track of utilization of the equipment.

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On the activities of dairy farm, the constructions for the animals are basic and of utmost importance in the production process, their designs should be based on technical and economic solutions, which offer extremely efficient and functional conditions. The objectives of this work was to research and study the characteristics of dairy farms located in some towns near Ribeirao Preto and the south of Minas Gerais State and recommend solutions based on the literatures for the execution of dairy projects around Ribeirao Preto region. The study was conducted based on theoretical and in loco observations, considering the following parties of dairy farm: free stall, calves housing, milking room and its annexes (footbath, foot clean and waiting corral). The results obtained of this study appeared that most of the dairy farms were designed without technical and effective economical solutions.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A quantidade e qualidade das folhas de amoreira (Morus alba L.) exercem influência marcante sobre o desenvolvimento do bicho-da-seda e são, por sua vez, influenciadas por fatores como a idade das folhas, época do ano e características genéticas dos cultivares. Avaliou-se a produção e a qualidade nutricional de folhas de cinco cultivares de amoreira em diferentes épocas do ano e de colheita, objetivando verificar sua adaptação na região de Jaboticabal (SP). As folhas dos cultivares 'Miura', 'Korin', 'Calabresa', 'FM86' e 'FM Shima-Miura' foram colhidas na primavera, verão e outono após 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias da poda (DAP) e avaliadas quanto à produção de folhas níveis de proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). As melhores produções foram verificadas em 'FM Shima-Miura', principalmente aos 75 DAP na primavera e no verão e aos 90 DAP no outono. No verão, as colheitas efetuadas aos 60, 75 e 90 DAP resultaram em produções mais elevadas. As épocas de colheita que resultaram em maiores níveis de PB foram aos 45 e 60 DAP e em menores níveis de FDN aos 60 DAP, respectivamente. Foi possível conciliar altos níveis de PB, baixos níveis de FDN e relativamente alta produção de massa foliar somente na colheita efetuada aos 75 DAP.

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Considerada importante praga do algodoeiro, a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci biótipo B pode através de sua alimentação, diminuir o vigor das plantas, trasmitir vírus e prejudicar a qualidade da fibra. Visando avaliar a resistência de genótipos de algodoeiro, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), à mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, realizaram-se testes de atratividade e não-preferência para oviposição, com e sem chance de escolha, em telado, a temperatura ambiente. Verificou-se baixa atratividade das plantas dos genótipos Fabrika, CNPA Ita 90, Makina, Coodetec 407 e IAC 01-639 CPA 02-24 a adultos dessa mosca-branca, o que pode representar um componente de resistência destes materiais genéticos ao inseto. Os genótipos BRS Aroeira, Coodetec 406, Fabrika e Coodetec 401 apresentaram resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição, nos testes com e sem chance de escolha. Os números de tricomas e de glândulas de gossipol por cm² não foram adequados para se avaliar a não-preferência para oviposição de adultos da mosca-branca em genótipos de algodoeiro.

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Verificou-se o comportamento de cultivares de girassol em relação ao ataque de Chlosyne lacinia saundersii em condições de campo, avaliando-se o número de lagartas por planta, numero de lagartas por metro linear de plantas, porcentagem de plantas atacadas e porcentagem de desfolha. Concluiu-se que: a) os métodos mais adequados para a avaliação da infestação desse inseto foram a porcentagem de plantas atacadas e o número de lagartas por metro linear de plantas; b) as cultivares de girassol menos infestadas pela praga foram 'Cargill-33', 'Contissol', 'Issanka-P, 'PIGB', 'Uruguai' e 'Contissol-621', enquanto 'Contissol-711% 'Contissol-112' e 'Rumano-P4' foram as mais infestadas e, c) a ocorrência de C. lacinia saundersii foi maior na segunda época de cultivo (fevereiro a junho) do que na primeira (outubro a fevereiro).