Territorio, crimen, comunidad. Heterogeneidad del homicidio en Medellín

Este libro se enmarca en el programa de investigación alrededor de la economía política de la periferia, que desde hace una década viene adelantando el CAP de la Universidad EAFIT. El resultado de este esfuerzo ha sido la colección de libros a la que pertenece este texto y que da cuenta de la pertinencia de estudios académicos en torno a las realidades periféricas de la ciudad y la región. Así pues, son seis volúmenes los que hacen parte de la colección: Economía Criminal en Antioquia: Narcotráfico, 2011 Informalidad e ilegalidad en la explotación del ORO y la MADERA en Antioquia, 2012 Economía criminal y poder político, 2013 Oro como fortuna. Instituciones, capital social y gobernanza de la minería aurífera colombiana, 2014 Nuevas modalidades de captación de rentas ilegales en Medellín, 2014 Territorio, crimen, comunidad. Heterogeneidad del homicidio en Medellín, 2015 Estos títulos aportan herramientas académicas que permiten abordar crítica y constructivamente los fenómenos que perfilan la realidad de la ciudad y el país. Además de describir y analizar los hechos, estamos convencidos de que la academia tiene la responsabilidad de señalar alternativas a los procesos de toma de decisiones.

Diálogo con Gustavo Gordillo sobre Ambiente y seguridad alimentaria

Diálogo con Gustavo Gordillo sobre Ambiente y seguridad alimentaria

La comunicación política en la administración de Gustavo Petro 2012-2014

El objetivo central de esta tesis es analizar cómo ha sido la comunicación política de la administración de Gustavo Petro entre 2012 y 2014, determinando el nivel de democratización presente en esta. Desde sus inicios, la alcaldía de Gustavo Petro mostro una gran preocupación por el ámbito de comunicación, sin embargo, como se puede ver en el plan de desarrollo, le apunta a una comunicación participativa en donde la ciudadanía haga parte de la construcción, diseño e implementación de los programas de gobierno. Por lo tanto se parte de la hipótesis de que la comunicación política durante esta administración ha sido democrática en tanto que ha permitido hacer partícipe a la ciudadanía de su propio desarrollo, a través del dialogo constante. Lo anterior será visto desde una perspectiva teórica sobre la comunicación política democrática, para lo cual las variables direccionalidad y centralidad serán claves.

Procedimiento sancionatorio de alimentos en el ámbito territorial

El Estado colombiano tiene una capacidad de sanción que ha sido diseñada para ser ejercida por el presidente de la república. En algunas ocasiones gracias a la figura de la delegación se les entregan estas facultades de sanción a los gobernadores, los alcaldes de los distritos y los alcaldes de los municipios, quienes actúan como representantes legales de estas entidades territoriales que hasta la fecha son las únicas que existen en Colombia. El presente trabajo evaluará esa capacidad de sanción en un tema especifico como es el procedimiento sancionatorio de alimentos, procedimiento que es similar en su estructura legal en todas las entidades territoriales, pero que en su aplicación presenta características diferentes, estas diferencias permiten demostrar la hipótesis planteada que los procedimientos sancionatorios en alimentos en las entidades territoriales son débiles, no obstante contar con toda la facultad sancionadora delegada para ejercer esta actividad.

Subjetividades políticas desde la representación : fotografía documental del campesinado en Colombia (1965-1975)

Esta investigación explora arqueológicamente el saber constituido sobre el campesinado en Colombia, en el período de 1965-1975, tomando como material empírico principal un archivo fotográfico documental que relacionaremos con hemerografía y las reconstrucciones socio-históricas de la década. Nuestro propósito es relacionar el archivo, sus condiciones, su porvenir, medios y definiciones con la constitución de subjetividades políticas. Las subjetividades son entendidas aquí en tanto procesos que al referir universos simbólicos socialmente compartidos, dotan al sujeto de un lenguaje cultural que a continuación internaliza, y adquiere así una singularidad que lo caracteriza y finalmente lo representa como “ser colectivo”. Descifraremos, a través de lo visible y lo oculto de las representaciones fotográficas, los enunciados posibles y las aproximaciones desde la sociología. Veremos como los discursos, por demás contradictorios, fungen a manera de proyectos de homogeneización de la cultura campesina efectuándose en la esfera de la heterogeneidad: campesinos marcados por diferencias entre sí, multiplicidad de subjetividades implicadas políticamente en los procesos inscritos dentro de la reforma agraria.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na UBS Adolfo Groth, Passo Fundo/RS

SANTANA, Idania Salas. Melhoria da Atenção à saúde da pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na UBS Adolfo Groth, Passo Fundo/RS. 2015. 83f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A literatura demonstra que a prevalência da hipertensão no Brasil varia entre 22% e 44% para adultos, chegando a mais de 50% para indivíduos com 60 a 69 anos e 75% em indivíduos com mais de 70 anos de acordo com o Ministério da Saúde. A prevalência autorreferida da Diabetes Mellitus (DM) na população acima de 18 anos aumentou de 5,3% para 5,6%, entre 2006 e 2011, o que aumenta ainda mais com a idade da população (BRASIL, 2013). A intervenção realizada através do curso de especialização em saúde da família do UNASUS/UFPel teve como objetivo a melhoria da Atenção à saúde da Pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na UBS Adolfo Groth, Passo Fundo/RS. Isto porque depois da análise situacional constatou-se que esta ação programática requeria melhoria no acesso, mas principalmente na qualificação da ação programática. Esta intervenção foi realizada de março a maio de 2015 e o público-alvo foi composto por usuários pertencentes à área de abrangência da UBS. Foram estipuladas metas e ações alicerçadas nos quatro eixos pedagógicos, a saber: a qualificação da prática clínica, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e monitoramento e avaliação. De número total de 8.256 pessoas estimado segundo o Caderno de Ações Programáticas (CAP), são estimados na UBS 1845 hipertensos (97%) e 527 diabéticos (87%). Porém, não coordenávamos ações segundo o Protocolo do Ministério da Saúde, não tínhamos registro específico, monitoramento e avaliação da ação, aspecto que alcançamos com bom êxito. Por ter uma população adscrita maior que o preconizado por equipe de 4000 pessoas ao máximo, tivemos dificuldade com a cobertura, que ao final atingimos 1052 hipertensos (58,5%) e 320 diabéticos (69,7%). Em relação às metas de qualidade nossa Equipe alcançou 100% na busca ativa dos usuários faltosos à consulta, na proporção de usuários hipertensos e/ou diabéticos com registros adequados na ficha de acompanhamento, na proporção de usuários com orientações sobre a pratica de atividade física regular, sobre o risco do tabagismo e os que receberam orientação sobre higiene bucal. Diante destes resultados, para a equipe foi um aprendizado e reorganização sobre a qualificação desta ação programática, que mantemos após a intervenção e para a comunidade houve maior integração e qualidade nas ofertas da UBS. Palavras-chave: atenção primária à saúde; saúde da família; doença crônica; hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, Assistência domiciliar; Saúde Bucal. .

Testosterone Therapy Differently Regulates The Anti- And Pro-inflammatory Cytokines In The Plasma And Prostate Of Rats Submitted To Chronic Ethanol Consumption (uchb).

Ethanol consumption damages the prostate, and testosterone is known by anti-inflammatory role. The cytokines were investigated in the plasma and ventral prostate of UChB rats submitted or not to testosterone therapy by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Additionally, inflammatory foci and mast cells were identified in the ventral prostate slides stained by hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue, respectively. Inflammatory foci were found in the ethanol-treated animals and absent after testosterone therapy. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were not changed while TNFα and TFG-β1 were increased in the animals submitted testosterone therapy. Regarding to ventral prostate, IL-6 did not alter, while IL-10, TNFα, and TFG-β1 were increased after testosterone therapy. Ethanol increases NFR2 in addition to high number of intact and degranulated mast cell which were reduced after testosterone therapy. So, ethanol and testosterone differentially modulates the cytokines in the plasma and prostate.

[climacteric Syndrome In A Northeastern Brazilian City: A Household Survey].

To assess the prevalence of Climacteric Syndrome (CS) in women from a municipality of Northeastern Brazil which is less developed socioeconomically. A prospective household survey was performed in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil with 1,210 climacteric women aged 45 to 60 years. Interviews were applied using previously tested standard questionnaires from April to July 2008. The severity of climacteric symptoms was analyzed by circulatory and psychological indexes and the latter were associated with menopausal status. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to assess the relation among climacteric symptoms. Most patients were 55 to 60 years old (35.3%), mulatto (37.9%), with 9-11 years of schooling (39.8%), with a partner (56%), Catholic (73.9%) and belonged to the socioeconomic class C (51.1%). The prevalence of CS was 85.9%, and hot flashes (56.4%) and sweating (50.4%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The most frequent psychological symptoms were nervousness (45%) and emotional liability (44.8%). The severity of vasomotor and psychological symptoms was significantly higher during the peri and postmenopausal period (p<0.05). Vaginal dryness (62.7%) was the most prevalent urogenital complaint. The prevalence of CS was high among women from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Profile Of The Use Of Disease Modifying Drugs In The Brazilian Registry Of Spondyloarthritides.

Few studies have evaluated the profile of use of disease modifying drugs (DMD) in Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). A common research protocol was applied prospectively in 1505 patients classified as SpA by criteria of the European Spondyloarthropathies Study Group (ESSG), followed at 29 referral centers in Rheumatology in Brazil. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained and evaluated, by analyzing their correlation with the use of DMDs methotrexate (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SSZ). At least one DMD was used by 73.6% of patients: MTX by 29.2% and SSZ by 21.7%, while 22.7% used both drugs. The use of MTX was significantly associated with peripheral involvement, and SSZ was associated with axial involvement, and the two drugs were more administered, separately or in combination, in the mixed involvement (p < 0.001). The use of a DMD was significantly associated with Caucasian ethnicity (MTX , p = 0.014), inflammatory back pain (SSZ, p = 0.002) , buttock pain (SSZ, p = 0.030), neck pain (MTX, p = 0.042), arthritis of the lower limbs (MTX, p < 0.001), arthritis of the upper limbs (MTX, p < 0.001), enthesitis (p = 0.007), dactylitis (MTX, p < 0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (SSZ, p < 0.001) and nail involvement (MTX, p < 0.001). The use of at least one DMD was reported by more than 70% of patients in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with SpA, with MTX use more associated with peripheral involvement and the use of SSZ more associated with axial involvement.

Can We Predict The Clinical Outcomes Of Genitourinary Trauma Patients And Offer Them An Evidence-based Support? The Case For Telemedicine Network.

32

Metabolic Memory Of ß-cells Controls Insulin Secretion And Is Mediated By Camkii.

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) functions both in regulation of insulin secretion and neurotransmitter release through common downstream mediators. Therefore, we hypothesized that pancreatic ß-cells acquire and store the information contained in calcium pulses as a form of metabolic memory, just as neurons store cognitive information. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel paradigm of pulsed exposure of ß-cells to intervals of high glucose, followed by a 24-h consolidation period to eliminate any acute metabolic effects. Strikingly, ß-cells exposed to this high-glucose pulse paradigm exhibited significantly stronger insulin secretion. This metabolic memory was entirely dependent on CaMKII. Metabolic memory was reflected on the protein level by increased expression of proteins involved in glucose sensing and Ca(2+)-dependent vesicle secretion, and by elevated levels of the key ß-cell transcription factor MAFA. In summary, like neurons, human and mouse ß-cells are able to acquire and retrieve information.

Hypothalamic Inflammation And The Central Nervous System Control Of Energy Homeostasis.

The control of energy homeostasis relies on robust neuronal circuits that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Although the physiology of these circuits is well understood, the molecular and cellular response of this program to chronic diseases is still largely unclear. Hypothalamic inflammation has emerged as a major driver of energy homeostasis dysfunction in both obesity and anorexia. Importantly, this inflammation disrupts the action of metabolic signals promoting anabolism or supporting catabolism. In this review, we address the evidence that favors hypothalamic inflammation as a factor that resets energy homeostasis in pathological states.

Icatibant, An Inhibitor Of Bradykinin Receptor 2, For Hereditary Angioedema Attacks: Prospective Experimental Single-cohort Study.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency manifests as recurrent episodes of edema involving the skin, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. It can be lethal due to asphyxia. The aim here was to evaluate the response to therapy for these attacks using icatibant, an inhibitor of the bradykinin receptor, which was recently introduced into Brazil. Prospective experimental single-cohort study on the efficacy and safety of icatibant for HAE patients. Patients with a confirmed HAE diagnosis were enrolled according to symptoms and regardless of the time since onset of the attack. Icatibant was administered in accordance with the protocol that has been approved in Brazil. Symptom severity was assessed continuously and adverse events were monitored. 24 attacks in 20 HAE patients were treated (female/male 19:1; 19-55 years; median 29 years of age). The symptoms were: subcutaneous edema (22/24); abdominal pain (15/24) and upper airway obstruction (10/24). The time taken until onset of relief was: 5-10 minutes (5/24; 20.8%); 10-20 (5/24; 20.8%); 20-30 (8/24; 33.4%); 30-60 (5/24; 20.8%); and 2 hours (1/24; 4.3%). The time taken for complete resolution of symptoms ranged from 4.3 to 33.4 hours. Adverse effects were only reported at injection sites. Mild to moderate erythema and/or feelings of burning were reported by 15/24 patients, itching by 3 and no adverse effects in 6. HAE type I patients who received icatibant responded promptly; most achieved improved symptom severity within 30 minutes. Local adverse events occurred in 75% of the patients.

Metals And (metallo)proteins Identification In Vitreous Humor Focusing On Post-mortem Biochemistry.

This work describes the evaluation of metals and (metallo)proteins in vitreous humor samples and their correlations with some biological aspects in different post-mortem intervals (1-7 days), taking into account both decomposing and non-decomposing bodies. After qualitative evaluation of the samples involving 26 elements, representative metal ions (Fe, Mg and Mo) are determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after using mini-vial decomposition system for sample preparation. A significant trend for Fe is found with post-mortem time for decomposing bodies because of a significant increase of iron concentration when comparing samples from bodies presenting 3 and 7 days post-mortem interval. An important clue to elucidate the role of metals is the coupling of liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for identification of metals linked to proteins, as well as mass spectrometry for the identification of those proteins involved in the post-mortem interval.