Resposta ás Reflexões do conselheiro João Pedro Ribeiro sobre a Brevissima Resposta do p.m.fr. Fortunato de S. Boaventura dada

Mode of access: Internet.

Reflexões offerecidas ás cortes da nação acerca da pertenção da Junta dos eleitos do concelho do Porto, e Commissão do monumento dedicado á memoria de s.m.i.o senhor D. Pedro, duque de Bragança. Por hum Cidadão portuense, membro da Junta dos eleitos do mesmo concelho.

Mode of access: Internet.

Reflexões sobre a conducta do conde da Taipa, e o documento publicado na chronica constitucional de 10 do corrente mez de Dezembro pela repartição de policia judiciaria.

Without title-page. Caption title.

Reflexões sobre o Correio braziliense.

Mode of access: Internet.

Conditions and consequences of human variability,

"Published on the Louis Stern memorial fund."--p. [iii]

The muscular tension reflex and two of its modifying conditions

"References": p. [22]

Contribution à l'étude physiologique des reflexes chez l'homme : Les reflexes d'automatisme médullaire. Le phénomène des raccourcisseurs.

Thèse--Univ. de Paris.

Muscular contraction and the reflex control of movement,

"A chronological list of important contributions to the physiology of muscle": p. 53-55.

Glutamate transporter localization does not correspond to the temporary functional recovery and late degeneration after acute ocular ischemia in rats

Purpose: To determine whether the localization of retinal glutamate transporters is affected by retinal ischaemia and whether their ability to transport glutamate decreases with the progression of ischemic retinal and optic nerve degeneration. Methods: Retinal ischemia was induced in rats by acutely increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP, 110 mmHg/60 min). Reperfusion was permitted for periods up to 60 days post-ischemia. Functional evaluation was performed by monitoring the pupil light reflexes (PLRs) and electroretinograms (flash, flicker ERG and oscillatory potentials). Glutamate transporter localization and D-aspartate (glutamate analogue) uptake were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Intense immunoreactivity for the retinal glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT1, EAAC1 and EAAT5) was observed at all time points after the insult, despite severe retinal degeneration. D-aspartate was also normally accumulated in the ischemic retinas. Ten days post-operatively the PLR ratio (ratio = indirect/direct PLR = 34 +/- 7(.)5%) was significantly less than the pre-operative value (pre-op = 76(.)7 +/- 2 (.)6%, p < 0(.)05). However, 25 and 35 days post-operatively PLR ratios did not differ significantly from pre-operative values (44(.)4 +/- 6(.)9 and 53(.)8 +/- 9(.)6%, p > 0(.)05). Forty-five and 60 days post-operatively the PLR ratio declined again and was significantly lower than the pre-operative value (33(.)8 + 8(.)7 and 26(.)2 + 8(.)9%, p < 0(.)05). Statistical analysis revealed that all tested ERG components had significantly higher values at 32, but not at 42 and 58 days post-operatively when compared to the first time point recorded post-operatively (10 days). Conclusions: While retinal glutamate transport is compromised during an acute ischemic insult, consequent retinal recovery and degeneration are not due to a change in the excitatory amino acid transporter localization or D-aspartate (glutamate analogue) uptake. Rat retina and optic nerve are capable of spontaneous, but temporary, functional recovery after an acute ischemic insult. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of stimulus modality and task difficulty on attentional modulation of blink startle

The effects of the sensory modality of the lead Stimulus and of task difficulty on attentional modulation of the electrical and acoustic blink reflex were examined. Participants performed a discrimination and counting task with either two acoustic, two visual, or two tactile lead stimuli. In Experiment 1, facilitation of the electrically elicited blink was greater during task-relevant than during task-irrelevant lead stimuli. Increasing task difficulty enhanced magnitude facilitation for acoustic lead stimuli. In Experiment 2, acoustic blink facilitation was greater during task-relevant lead stimuli, but was unaffected by task difficulty. Experiment 3 showed that a further increase in task difficulty did not affect acoustic blink facilitation during visual lead stimuli. The observation that blink reflexes are facilitated by attention in the present task domain is consistent across a range of stimulus modality and task difficulty conditions.

The effects of affective picture stimuli on blink modulation in adults and children

Two experiments examined blink modulation during viewing of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant picture stimuli in non-selected adults (N = 21) and children (N = 60) and children with anxiety disorders (N = 12). Blink reflexes were elicited by a white noise probe of 105 dB at lead stimulus intervals of 60, 240, 3500, and 5000 ms and during intertrial intervals. Blink modulation during unpleasant pictures was significantly different from blink modulation during neutral pictures at the 60 ms lead interval in children whereas adults showed no significant differences. Picture content had no differential effect on the extent of blink modulation for adults or children at the 240 ms lead interval. At the long lead intervals, blink modulation during unpleasant and pleasant pictures was significantly larger than during neutral pictures in adults. Picture valence did not differentially affect the extent of blink modulation at long lead intervals in children. Comparing the extent of blink modulation in anxious and non-selected children, blinks were significantly modulated during unpleasant pictures at the 60 ms lead interval for both groups. However, the extent of blink modulation was larger overall at this very short lead interval in anxious children. Children did not differ at other lead intervals. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coal ash conversion into effective adsorbents for removal of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater

Fly ash was modified by hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solutions under various conditions for zeolite synthesis. The XRD patterns are presented. The results indicated that the samples obtained after treatment are much different. The XRD profiles revealed a number of new reflexes, suggesting a phase transformation probably occurred. Both heat treatment and chemical treatment increased the surface area and pore volume. It was found that zeolite P would be formed at the conditions of higher NaOH concentration and temperature. The treated fly ash was tested for adsorption of heavy metal ions and dyes in aqueous solution. It was shown that fly ash and the modified forms could effectively absorb heavy metals and methylene blue but not effectively adsorb rhodamine B. Modifying fly ash with NaOH solution would significantly enhance the adsorption capacity depending on the treatment temperature, time, and base concentration. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue would increases with pH of the dye solution and the sorption capacity of FA-NaOH could reach 5 x 10(-5) mol/g. The adsorption isotherm could be described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. Removal of copper and nickel ions could also be achieved on those treated fly ash. The removal efficiency for copper and nickel ions could be from 30% to 90% depending on the initial concentrations. The increase in adsorption temperature will enhance the adsorption efficiency for both heavy metals. The pseudo second-order kinetics would be better for fitting the dynamic adsorption of Cu and Ni ions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Attention vs. emotion: Affective learning and the startle reflex

The eye-blink startle reflex can be modulated by attentional and emotional processes. The reflex is facilitated during stimuli that engage attention. A linear pattern of emotional modulation has also been consistently demonstrated: the reflex is facilitated during unpleasant stimuli and attenuated during pleasant stimuli. However, during anticipation of pleasant or unpleasant stimuli it is unclear whether emotion or attention drives startle reflex modulation. This study used a differential learning procedure to investigate whether startle modulation during anticipation of a salient stimulus reflected emotional or attentional processes. In acquisition, a CS+ was paired with a pleasant or unpleasant US and a CS- was presented alone. In extinction, blink startle magnitude was measured during CS+ and CS-. Post-acquisition valence ratings and affective priming showed that CS+ had acquired the same affective value as the pleasant or unpleasant US with which it was paired. No differences in modulation of blink startle reflexes during pleasant CS+ and unpleasant CS+ were found throughout extinction. Blink startle facilitation occurred during CS+ but not CS- across the first third of extinction. Thus, attentional rather than emotional processes appeared to facilitate blink startle during anticipation of salient stimuli.

Por uma cristologia pluralista da libertação: reflexões teológicas a partir de Jacques Dupuis e Jon Sobrino

O objetivo central desta pesquisa é desvendar possibilidades no estabelecimento de prováveis eixos básicos de uma cristologia pluralista da libertação, a partir das reflexões teológicas de Jon Sobrino (1938-) e Jacques Dupuis (1923-2004). Para tanto, se reconhecem cotidianamente os entrecruzamentos de sinais dos tempos, como as diferenças religiosas e as violações de direitos e injustiças sociais. A partir desta problemática, toma-se como hipótese a necessidade de se demonstrar a articulação em andamento entre perspectivas das teologias da libertação com perspectivas das teologias cristãs do pluralismo religioso, sinalizando um novo modo de fazer teologia. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido dialoga com os estudos culturais, especialmente com os conceitos de Homi Bhabha, o referencial teórico desta pesquisa, que possibilitou, criticamente, o entrelaçamento das perspectivas de Jacques Dupuis e Jon Sobrino. Para a construção desta cristologia, seguiu-se um tripé metodológico: revisão, reconstrução e reinvenção. O trabalho buscou revisar os discursos teológicos apresentados por Jon Sobrino e Jacques Dupuis; reconstruir as reflexões teológicas elaboradas por estes autores; e reinventar uma cristologia que se mostre como um terceiro espaço, um entrelugar discursivo, uma cristologia pluralista da libertação, que não é nem o um (a cristologia da libertação) nem o outro (a teologia cristã do pluralismo religioso), mas algo a mais, uma fala híbrida elaborada a partir de determinadas zonas de contato entre os autores. A pesquisa apresenta como eixos: (i) uma cristologia integral: vivenciada nos espaços cotidianos, com uma reflexão a partir das vítimas e do espírito das testemunhas; (ii) uma cristologia trinitária: refletida a partir d@ outr@ e centrada no mistério inesgotável, na humanização do divino e na força do Espírito; e (iii) uma cristologia reinoteocêntrica: vocacionada ao reino de Deus, numa tensão entre a parcialidade com as vítimas e a universalidade da ação de Deus, numa elaboração nas vias da mística e em um discurso cristológico estruturado na (des)missão. Tais eixos possuem implicações políticas, uma vez que esta cristologia se constrói como uma dupla função: é objeto de estudo e é espaço para a atuação política, reconhecendo que novos discursos e linguagens relacionam-se com novas atuações e mobilizações sociais.