986 resultados para Aguas minerales ferruginosas


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Dado que el problema central de los recursos hídricos en el Ecuador y en el mundo es un problema relacionado fundamentalmente con la gestión del agua, en esta tesis se reflexiona sobre dos enfoques de gestión, desde lo público - estatal y desde lo comunitario, y se analiza cómo estos enfoques se concretan en la Constitución y en la Ley de Aguas del Ecuador. En el Ecuador, durante la época de aplicación de las políticas de ajuste estructural (década de los 80) se desarrollaron políticas de ajuste hídrico orientadas a establecer un modelo de gestión del agua basado en el mercado, que no resolvieron el problema de la gestión de los recursos hídricos y por el contrario profundizaron las condiciones de inequidad en el acceso y distribución del agua. Posteriormente, en los últimos años se ha impuesto un modelo de gobernabilidad donde lo que impera es el fortalecimiento del poder estatal para gestionar los recursos hídricos. Desde las organizaciones sociales vinculadas a la gestión del agua se fueron gestando procesos de movilización social y surgieron propuestas para recuperar el sentido del agua como un bien común, que no puede ser considerado como una mercancía sujeta a las reglas del mercado y que debe ser gestionado colectivamente. En la formulación de la nueva Constitución y de la Ley de Recursos Hídricos se evidencia una permanente tensión entre una visión de gobernabilidad que implica imponer el rol del Estado en la gestión del agua, frente a una visión de gobernanza que supone una cooperación con la sociedad civil. El presente trabajo está basado en el análisis e interpretación de las disposiciones jurídicas de la Constitución del 2008 y de la Ley de Recursos Hídricos aprobada en el 2014. Sin embargo, no es un análisis puramente jurídico - legal, de eso ya se han encargado otros estudios, sino más bien en este caso se trata de una reflexión desde una perspectiva sociológica y política a partir fundamentalmente del análisis de fuentes secundarias. En el desarrollo de la tesis y en las conclusiones se plantea la posibilidad y las ventajas de llevar a la práctica un modelo de cogestión de los recursos hídricos, que combine roles y responsabilidades tanto públicas como comunitarias.

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Several major iron deposits occur in the Quadrilatero Ferrifero (QF), southeastern region of Brazil, where metamorphosed and heterogeneously deformed banded iron formation (BIF) of the Caue Formation, regionally called itabirite, was transformed into high- (Fe >64%) and lowgrade (30%Aguas Claras Mine contained mainly high-grade ores hosted within dolomitic itabirite. Two distinct types of high-grade ore occurred at the mine: soft and hard. The soft ore was the most abundant and represented more than 85% of the total ore mined until it was mined out in 2002. Soft and hard ores consist essentially of hematite, occurring as martite, anhedral to granular/tabular hematite and, locally, specularite. Gangue minerals are rare, consisting of dolomite, sericite, chlorite, and apatite in the hard and soft ores, and Mn-oxides and ferrihydrite in the soft ore where they are concentrated within porous bands. Chemical analyses show that hard and soft ores consist almost entirely of Fe(2)O(3), with a higher amount of detrimental impurities, especially MnO, in the soft ore. Both hard and soft ores are depleted in trace elements. The high-grade ores at the Aguas Claras Mine have at least a dual origin, involving hypogene and supergene processes. The occurrence of the hard, massive high-grade ore within ""fresh"" dolomitic itabirite is evidence of its hypogene origin. Despite the contention about the origin of the dolomitic itabirite (if this rock is a carbonate-rich facies of the Caue Formation or a hematite-carbonate precursor of the soft high-grade ore), mineralogical and geochemical features of the soft high-grade ore indicate that it was formed by leaching of dolomite from the dolomitic itabirite by meteoric water. The comparison of the Aguas Claras, Capao Xavier and Tamandua orebodies shows that the original composition of the itabiritic protore plays a major role in the genesis of high- and low-grade soft ores in the QF. Under the same weathering and structural conditions, the dolomitic itabirite is the more favorable to form high-grade deposits than siliceous itabirite. Field relations at the Aguas Claras and Capao Xavier deposits suggest that it is not possible to form huge soft high-grade supergene deposits from siliceous itabirite, unless another control, such as impermeable barriers, had played an important role. The occurrence in the Tamandua Mine of a large, soft, high-grade orebody formed from siliceous itabirite and closely associated with hypogene hard ore suggests that large, soft, high-grade orebodies of the Quadrilatero Ferrifero, which occur within siliceous itabirite, have a hypogene contribution in their formation.

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Springwater samples were collected at Aguas da Prata, an important spa in São Paulo State, Brazil. The U-238 and U-234 isotopes were evaluated for Platina, Paiol, Villela, Prata-Radioativa, Prata-Nova, Boi, Vitoria, and Prata-Antiga springs. An inverse logarithmic correlation was found between U-234/U-238 activity ratio and Rn-222 content of the studied waters, which was related to different solution mechanisms of Rn-222 and U-234 nuclides at the rock-water interface. A linear correlation also exists between the U-234/U-238 activity ratios of the studied waters and total dissolved solids, ionic strength, CO2 partial pressure, and index of base exchange, which indicates that the enhancement of U-234 in solution increases with the degree of weathering in the aquifers, A higher U-234/U-238 activity ratio was found to be directly related to a higher value of dissolution rate.

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