998 resultados para Administração e desenvolvimento econômico
Resumo:
O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que aplica os conceitos da fenomenologia enquanto método para a compreensão do seu objeto de estudo _ a ação empreendedora _ e para a formulação de um modelo de mediação que pressupõe a existência de um plano de vida antecedente ao Plano de Negócios. Os altos índices de empreendedorismo no Brasil, que não se caracteriza majoritariamente pela oportunidade, mas pela necessidade de as pessoas se inserirem no mercado de trabalho, somado ao fato de que movimenta substancialmente a economia do País, reforça a importância do tema que é aqui explorado em seu nascedouro. E conclui que o desenvolvimento econômico, embora importante para a sociedade, não é a causa deste fenômeno, mas uma de suas conseqüências. Portanto, um modelo que contribua para uma continuada mediação entre as ações potencialmente empreendedoras das pessoas e seus planos de vida, buscando a organização e a tomada de consciência destas ações, certamente permitirá a evolução desta plataforma estratégica para o alcance de níveis econômicos mais promissores e reflexos sociais mais significativos.
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Entre 2003 e 2008, o Brasil apresentou um positivo desempenho econômico em meio a um cenário externo favorável, entretanto a partir da crise de 2008, o governo brasileiro passou a adotar medidas anticíclicas a fim de minimizar os efeitos externos da crise. Essas medidas objetivaram o incentivo da demanda agregada, o que realmente sofreu um efeito positivo de curto prazo, entretanto essas políticas, além de apresentar uma natureza limitada, podem levar a cenários futuros indesejados para o desenvolvimento econômico, como o aumento da inadimplência e taxa elevadas de inflação. Somado a isso, as medidas de incentivos de inovação e de desenvolvimento tecnológico foram interrompidas pela crise ou não implementadas de forma efetiva. Diante disto, a monografia se propõe a analisar os efeitos dessas políticas de incentivo à demanda adotada no período a partir de uma análise da indústria automotiva brasileira, uma das indústrias mais poderosas e receptoras de incentivos governamentais, já que apresenta um caráter dinâmico e movimenta um grande número de indústrias de base. Logo, para que a indústria automotiva cresça e se desenvolva de forma sustentável, bem como os outros setores, o incentivo não deve ser de cunho setorial, por tanto, temporário, deve ser de natureza permanente e abrangente. Além disso, um incentivo da demanda terá resultados positivos com os incentivos tecnológicos, inovadores e de qualificação do capital humano para uma crescente exportação, levando a saldos positivos da balança comercial e, consequentemente, maiores investimentos a partir de uma indústria mais competitiva.
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O presente estudo inspirou-se especialmente na metodologia utilizada na pesquisa de Miron & Waldock (2010) e no estudo da RAND Corporation (2014). Considerando as dificuldades metodológicas e a indisponibilidade de dados, foram feitas inferências gerais a respeito da grandeza e da magnitude do impacto da legalização das drogas no Brasil.
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The inclusion of local suppliers in production chains has considerable impact on its performance, but most notably in its main actors. The results of this process may be of different kinds and can be analyzed from economic or institutional approaches. This study aimed to verify the existence of different performances of Petrobras due to the inclusion of local suppliers in the oil and gas production chain in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, from the viewpoints of transaction costs and the Institutional Theory. In order to this, were made the characterization of the PROMINP, the description of its actions and results, the mapping of its institutional context of reference, and identification of results obtained by Petrobras in terms of transaction costs and legitimacy. The theoretical framework is based on authors dealing with industrial concentration, as like Marshall, Krugman, Porter and Schmitz, from the sociological perspective of neoinstitucional theory, as like DiMaggio and Powell and Scott and Meyer, and transaction costs, as like Williamson. This is a qualitative research, with data collection done by consulting secondary fonts and semi-structured interviews with nineteen actors of three groups, namely: actors involved in actions of the program, representatives of enterprises and representative of Petrobras. To analyze the content was used the Suchman s model (1995) for categories associated with strategies of legitimation and fourteen variables associated with the three variables assets specificity, bounded rationality and opportunism (Williamson, 1995, 1989) in the case of transaction costs. The results indicate that PROMINP has achieved its objectives by encouraging the increased participation of local companies in the oil and gas production chain, reflecting in the economic development of the state. The Redepetro/RN, fostered and built upon the interaction of the participants, is presented as a solution of continuity to the participation of enterprises in the chain, after the closure of the actions of the program. PROMINP demands responses to coercive, legislative and regulatory pressures of the organizational field, whose institutional context of reference is wide. From the point of view of legitimacy, through strategies to gain cognitive legitimacy and maintaining pragmatic legitimacy, Petrobras can manipulate the environment, ensuring the compliance of the constituents to their technical and institutional demands. Enterprises, in turn, respond to the demands through compliance with technical demands, mainly through the certification of processes, and cultural changes. There aren t clear gains related to the transaction costs, however, gains in legitimacy can be seen as a cumulative capital that can serve as a competitive differential that generates economic gains. In terms of theoretical findings, it was found that, due to its explanatory power for actions that are difficult to explain only in economic terms, Institutional Theory may be used as theoretical support concurrent with other theories. TCE model has limitations in explaining the program actions. In the case, it s emphasized that Petrobras doesn t seek only economic efficiency, but has in its mission the commitment to social development.
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From the end of the 80s, the Brazilian higher education experience strong growth, coming from the private sector, which would intensify further in the late 90th Higher education has become a lucrative business. With a drop in the number of students entering and strong competition, the number of idle places in private institutions of higher education reached 49.5% in 2004. That same year, by Measure, was the University for All Program (PROUNI) program, to include high school students from public higher education, offering scholarships to those students in private HEIs. In exchange, the IES gain tax exemption. The objective of this research is to investigate the game of interest occurred in the formulation of this program and identify the model and the political game and has led to the creation of PROUNI, analyzing the process occurred since the wording of a bill, the issue of Measure Law and that the legitimacy PROUNI, with the most important changes made initial model. Since the first draft of the Law to the final Act, the PROUNI was disfigured in its main points, as the percentage of stock for paying students, the process of selection of stock and bond of the IES program. Throughout the process of creating the program, it is quite clear the performance of the institutions representing the private higher education. As reference for the analysis was based on Rational Choice Theory of Political Science. The basic argument of the methods based on rational choice is the maximization of the benefit will be the main motivation of individuals, but they can give that your goals can be achieved more effectively through institutional action and thereby discover that their conduct is shaped by institutions. Thus, individuals rationally choose to get to a certain extent constrained to join in certain institutions, whether voluntarily or not. The PROUNI was submitted by government and public policy covered by the mystical aura of the discourse of social justice and economic development, as in higher education includes a stratum of people who would not have access to the university, due to restrictions in the supply network public higher education. However, the greatest benefit from the program are the private HEIs, which through a difficult time in a scenario marked by high competition and idleness of nearly half of the vacancies offered. The PROUNI became a program that prioritizes access and not the residence of the student to higher education. More serious than a supporting program for students Fellows is a program supporting the institutions of private education
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Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved
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Given the uncertainties of the environment in today's world, strategic planning is again discussed as an important tool to position the organization in future likely. To address this a more dynamic and less linear, trying to adapt the multiple realities, the method of scenarios can be one of the strategies to anticipate future designs. In the public sphere, an efficient implementation of human resources and financial managers require a new approach to the formulation of strategies. Tourism, in turn, presents itself as an important segment of the national economy shaped up as a major source of funds for the formation of the Gross Domestic Product - GDP - of states and municipalities. This study aims to know the guidelines and perspectives of municipal planning of tourism in the city of Natal/RN from the case by the representatives of the sector. The survey was developed based on a qualitative, exploratory, based on the case in the Secretaria Municipal de Turismo e Desenvolvimento Econômico - SETURDE. The results express that the body goes through a time of changes in its organizational structure and in defining its role with the local tourism. The national plan for tourism and the choice of Christmas as the host city for the World Cup in 2014 have stimulated interest in developing a formal strategic planning in the organization. However, when it comes to more complex tools, such as the method of future scenarios, the technical know its definition and importance for future actions. The results presented support the conclusion that the actions are designed intuitively and without complying with the scientific methods developed for this purpose, as the method of strategic scenarios. However, the evidence beginning to emerge from the plans and documents issued by the federal government, as well as the Secretary's own initiative, direct the actions of the body to coordinate and act as a fulcrum for local action to the increase in tourism
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The growing importance of tourism in overall economic activity worldwide has favored the intensification of competition among cities that seek to create environments attractive to tourists and potential investors. It has been common practice to import characteristics of the business environment in the public management of cities. The city marketing is a key tool used by public leaders to promote a linkage between the tourism image and urban image and involves, in addition to promoting the image of the city, the planning of interventions in urban space, trying to formulate a positive image of the city able to facilitate the deployment of capital. This research seeks to understand the nature of city marketing as part of contemporary urban management and analyzes how is its application in decisions concerning the promotion of tourism in Natal/RN. The approach of this research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, in which respondents were the main leaders of two of the official tourism site, the Empresa Potiguar de Promoção Turística and the Secretaria Municipal de Turismo e Desenvolvimento Econômico. It was found that there is a strong articulation of public power with private enterprise in the design and conduct of the actions of urban marketing, that from the survey data show that the behavior of target markets provide guidelines for taking strategic decisions relating to tourism. Sun and sea are some key elements explored to form the image of Natal and to authorize the sale of the city as a tropical paradise. However, there is an increase in the diversification of tourism products, seeking to increase flow to the segments of ecotourism, adventure, business and culture. It s also growing the use of local culture as a tourism product, however, the cultural representation focuses on superficial values and does not bring to light the social and historical richness that the city has. Public authorities use the city marketing strategies as a means able to maximize the attractiveness of Natal urban space to investors, business groups and tourists. It can be observed that urban managers seek solutions that can continuously increase the tours, which often manifests in interventions that focus the tourist areas of the city, in oposition of those who do not contribute to a positive reading of the city, which ultimately generate the worsening of spacial and social inequalities
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O turismo tem sido e prevê-se que continuará a ser um dos fenómenos que mais contribui para a economia de uma nação. Também, o desporto ao longo dos anos tem tido um papel importante na sociedade que se manifesta em diferentes perspetivas, ao nível cultural, económico e social. Nesta linha e como catalisador de sinergias entre o turismo e o desporto surge o turismo desportivo, como sendo um único fenómeno social, económico e cultural que decorre da interação das atividades, pessoas e locais. O turismo desportivo, nos últimos anos, tem tido o seu reconhecimento como uma fonte que gera riqueza dando suporte ao desenvolvimento económico dos locais, regiões e até mesmo dos países onde se realizam os eventos desportivos. De salientar que o Turismo Desportivo tem sido visto como uma oportunidade que permite combater a sazonalidade e os impactos negativos do turismo em massa. Neste sentido, com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se analisar a importância das provas da meia maratona e maratona, realizadas na cidade do Porto em 2015, para o desenvolvimento turístico, na perspetiva dos visitantes desportistas, uma vez que os eventos desportivos têm sido considerados uma forma de assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável de uma região/local. Tendo por base a informação recolhida e os resultados obtidos, quanto ao perfil dos inquiridos que participaram, em ambas as provas, pode dizer-se que são do sexo masculino, o grupo etário com idades compreendidas entre os 41 e 51 anos tem a maior percentagem de participantes, a maioria são casados e portugueses e maioritariamente residem no Grande Porto. Apurou-se ainda a estimativa do gasto médio por inscritos atendendo às provas e nacionalidade. No que diz respeito aos portugueses, estes fazem mais despesas no decurso da prova da Meia Maratona gastando cerca de 530 mil euros e os estrangeiros na prova da Maratona despendendo um valor estimado de 634 mil euros. Globalmente, atendendo às provas principais e associadas, são os portugueses que apresentam um gasto estimado mais elevado cerca de 1.755.570,65€, e os estrangeiros 1.436.159,14€. No global o valor estimado despendido, para o total das provas, para os participantes desportistas, ascende a 3.191.730€. Os valores apresentados não incluem as despesas com a inscrição dos participantes nas provas. Os valores indiciaram, também, para a existência de impactos económicos positivos decorrentes da organização e realização das provas e demonstraram que estas podem constituir uma ferramenta para impulsionar a economia local e regional. Também se concluiu que as provas da Meia Maratona e Maratona foram consideradas importantes para o desenvolvimento turístico da Região do Grande Porto, os inquiridos encontram-se globalmente satisfeitos com as provas e pretendem regressar em próximas edições, existe uma relação forte, positiva e direta entre a satisfação global e a intenção de participar em edições futuras das provas.
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The present study compose an analysis on the process of internal communication at a public organization, built on the survey data originary of administrative conduct, observation on the cultural model of the organization and how the interdepartmental and interpersonal relations shows up. The research, exploratory descriptive kind, had theoretical basis on two knowledge areas Administrative Science and Social Communication and was developed at Instituto do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Meio Ambiente IDEMA, in Rio Grande do Norte. During data collection, were conducted spontaneous and semi structured interviews with directors and coordinators, besides the application of directed questionnaire to functionaries in two unites of the institution. Through the analysis and interpretation of the data, we came to the conclusion that the process of internal communication at a public organization fall in with same challenges of private organizations, but with peculiarities that attracts the scientific look specially, in concern of the attitude assumed by the administrators in the conduction of communication functions inside the organization, the profile of social actor and the communication channels used. Although the organizational communication represents more and more a strategic function, as an administration tool, the point that research gets to shows that in public organizations the communication refrains from administrative purpose and with the major objective of giving publicity to the institutional acts and actions
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento, Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, 2016.
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Neste artigo, pretende-se desenvolver uma versão desagregada da abordagem pós-Keynesiana para o crescimento econômico, mostrando que de fato esse modelo pode ser tratado como um caso particular do modelo Pasinettiano de mudança estrutural e crescimento econômico. Utilizando-se o conceito de integração vertical, torna-se possível conduzir a análise iniciada por Kaldor (1956) e Robinson (1956, 1962), e seguido por Dutt (1984), Rowthorn (1982) e, posteriormente, Bhaduri e Marglin (1990) em um modelo multi-sectorial em que há aumentos da demanda e produtividade em ritmos diferentes em cada setor. Ao adotar essa abordagem, é possível mostrar que a dinâmica de mudança estrutural está condicionada não apenas aos padrões de demanda de evolução das preferências e da difusão do progresso tecnológico, mas também com as características distributivas da economia, que podem dar origem a diferentes regimes setoriais de crescimento econômico. Além disso, é possível determinar a taxa natural de lucro que faz com que a taxa de mark-up seja constante ao longo do tempo. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
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Neste artigo os modelos de crescimento e alocação de investimento a la Feldman-Mahalanobis são estendidos para considerar a análise de decisões de alocação de investimento no contexto do modelo de crescimento pós-Keynesiano. Ao adotar essa abordagem é possível introduzir características distributivas no modelo de Feldman-Mahalanobis que nos permitem determinar a taxa de alocação de investimentos de acordo com as decisões de equilíbrio entre investimento e poupança. Finalmente, uma condição adicional é adicionada ao modelo de crescimento pós-keynesiano, a fim de caracterizar plenamente o caminho de equilíbrio em uma versão estendida deste, onde bens de capital também são necessários para produzir bens de capital. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
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A União Europeia é composta por regiões com diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento económico. O instrumento financeiro FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional surgiu com o objetivo de corrigir alguns dos desequilíbrios regionais, nomeadamente através da atribuição de fundos ao tecido empresarial, destinados a investimentos produtivos e geradores de emprego, fomentando a coesão entre vários Estados Membros. Ao longo dos tempos as empresas adquiriram uma importância crescente no âmbito da Política Regional Europeia, uma vez que a competitividade das regiões depende diretamente dos níveis de competitividade do seu tecido empresarial. Dada a importância desta temática, a presente investigação tem como objeto de estudo uma análise ao tecido empresarial a posteriori da atribuição dos fundos comunitários. Concretamente, o presente trabalho constitui um estudo empírico ao impacto dos sistemas de incentivo atribuídos às empresas no contexto do território Português. Tem como foco principal o estudo da influência do Quadro de Referencia Estratégico Nacional (QREN) no desempenho económico e financeiro das micro, pequenas e médias empresas (PME) do setor da indústria transformadora no período 2007-2013. A análise económica e financeira constitui um instrumento quantitativo de avaliação de desempenho empresarial, o qual, quando comparado com um padrão perfil, mede a competitividade. O estudo de caso consiste na análise de indicadores económicos e financeiros de uma amostra de 56 PME, que beneficiaram de apoios do QREN no âmbito do Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade, sediadas no concelho de Barcelos, assim como a aplicação de um questionário dirigido aos seus diretores financeiros de forma a avaliar a sua perceção sobre a importância dos projetos implementados, os seus impactos e perspetivas para projetos futuros. Da análise aos resultados quantitativos podemos concluir que, de uma forma geral, os indicadores económicos como volume de negócios, exportações, valor acrescentado bruto e produtividade tiveram crescimentos substanciais e resultados estatisticamente significativos. Quanto à perceção por parte das empresas, de acordo com o questionário aplicado, encontram-se satisfeitas com os apoios comunitários na concretização dos seus projetos, assim como salientam a existência de melhorias nos indicadores económicos, principalmente nos indicadores de crescimento, medidos em volume de negócios e exportações. Concluiu-se ainda que, na inexistência do apoio dos fundos estruturais, as empresas implementariam o mesmo investimento produtivo, no entanto a um ritmo mais lento, traduzindo uma dinâmica e flexibilidade por parte das empresas.
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This paper analyses the concept of public interest in sport and the criteria that must be taken into consideration in terms of Government support to clubs and sports associations. The data was collected through semi structured interviews that were applied to nine sports directors with board responsibilities: seven of them from sport clubs and sport associations, and two of them from public administration. The directors pointed out that sport is considered to be of public interest when: it is developed in the concept of “sport for all”, provides health benefi ts and serves as a means of education and social development. Regarding advantages used with public utility status, tax benefi ts and partnerships with the sports system organizations were the most mentioned aspects. Given a better use of fi nancial resources provided by public administration to clubs and associations, sport directors believe that the Government should have a strategy focused on setting priorities and ranking fi nancing criteria for sport. If the government had that strategy, the development of sports results would be much better. The participants also suggest that the Government should conduct an assessment of the social role of sport clubs and associations, according to the public and social interest of sport. In conclusion, sport and physical activity should be considered as public interest activities, provided that: are able to ensure positive effects on health plans and wellness, provide a qualitative and sustainable sport development, improve economic and social development of a population.