Peptide hybrids containing α- and β-amino acids: Structure of a decapeptide β-hairpin with two facing β-phenylalanine residues

A β-hairpin conformation has been characterized in crystals of the decapeptide t-butoxycarbonyl-Leu-Val-βPhe-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-βPhe-Val-Val-methyl ester [βPhe; (S)-β3 homophenylalanine] by x-ray diffraction. The polypeptide chain reversal is nucleated by the centrally positioned DPro-Gly segment, which adopts a type-I′ β-turn conformation. Four intramolecular cross-strand hydrogen bonds stabilize the peptide fold. The βPhe(3) and βPhe(8) residues occupy facing positions on the hairpin, with the side chains projecting on opposite faces of the β-sheet. At the site of insertion of β-residues, the polarity of the peptide units along each strand reverses, as compared with the α-peptide segments. In this analog, a small segment of a polar sheet is observed, where adjacent CO and NH groups line up in opposite directions in each strand. In the crystal, an extended β-sheet is formed by hydrogen bonding between strands of antiparallel pairs of β-hairpins. The crystallographic parameters for C65H102N10O13⋅ 3H2O are: space group P212121; a = 19.059(8) Å, b = 19.470(2) Å, c = 21.077(2) Å; Z = 4; agreement factor R1 = 9.12% for 3,984 data observed >4σ(F) and a resolution of 0.90 Å.

Programmed cell death: a way of life for plants.

Cell death in higher plants has been widely observed in predictable patterns throughout development and in response to pathogenic infection. Genetic, biochemical, and morphological evidence suggests that these cell deaths occur as active processes and can be defined formally as examples of programmed cell death (PCD). Intriguingly, plants have at least two types of PCD, an observation that is also true of PCD in animals [Schwartz, L. M., Smith, W.W., Jones, M. E. E. & Osborne, B. A. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 980-984]. Thus, in plants, PCD resembles either a common form of PCD seen in animals called apoptosis or it resembles a morphologically distinct form of cell death. The ubiquitous occurrence and necessity of PCD for plant development and defense suggest that the underlying mechanisms of regulation and execution of these processes merit further examination.

The Hybrid Spirit Animating Chinese Pentecostals in Malaysia

This dissertation interrogates the assertion in postcolonial scholarship, especially from the work of Homi Bhabha that the construction and performance of hybrid identities act as a form of resistance for marginalized communities against structures of oppression. While this study supports this assertion, it also critiques how hybridity fails to address issues of unequal power relations. This has led to an uncritical use of hybridity that reproduces the very idea of static identity which its proponents claim to transcend. Through qualitative study of Chinese members of a Pentecostal church in Malaysia, this study argues that church members engage in "unequal belonging" where they privilege certain elements of their identities over others. In concert with Pierre Bourdieu's conceptions of habitus, field, and capital, unequal belonging highlights how hybridity fails to capture the intersecting and competing loyalties, strategies, and complexities of identity formation on a contextual level. Unequal belonging challenges postcolonial scholars to locate the subtle workings of power and privilege that manifest even among marginalized communities. The study first situates the Chinese through an analysis of the historical legacy of British colonialism that has structured the country's current socio-political configuration along bounded categories of identification. The habitus constrains church members to accept certain Chinese ethnic markers as "givens." Although they face continuous marginalization, interviewee data demonstrates that church members negotiate their Chineseness and construct a "Modern Chinese" ethnic identity as a strategic move away from Chinese stereotypes. Moreover, conversion to Christianity affords church members access to cultural capital. Yet, it is limited and unequal capital. In particular, the "Chinese Chinese," who church members have demarcated as backward and traditional, are unable to gain access to this capital because they lack fluency in English and knowledge in modern, westernized worldviews. Unequal belonging nuances monolithic conceptions of hybridity. It demonstrates how church members' privilege of Christianity over Chineseness exposes the complex processes of power and privilege that makes westernized-English-speaking Chinese Christians culturally "higher" than non-English-speaking, non-Christian, Chinese. This study provides significant contribution to the complex aspect of hybridity where it is both a site of resistance and oppression.

Pilot study of hyperopic LASIK using the solid-state laser technology

Background To evaluate and report the visual, refractive, and aberrometric outcomes of LASIK for the correction of low to moderate hyperopia in a pilot group using a commercially available solid-state laser. Methods Prospective pilot study including 11 consecutive eyes with low to moderate hyperopia of six patients undergoing LASIK surgery using the Pulzar Z1 solid-state laser (CustomVis Laser Pty Ltd., currently CV Laser). Visual, refractive, and aberrometric changes were evaluated. Potential complications were evaluated as well. Mean follow-up time was 6.6 months (range, 3 to 11 months). Results A significant improvement in LogMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was observed postoperatively (p = 0.01). No significant change was detected in LogMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (p = 0.21). Postoperative LogMAR UDVA was 0.1 (about 20/25) or better in ten eyes (90.9 %). Mean overall efficacy and safety indices were 1.03 and 1.12. Postoperatively, no losses of lines of CDVA were observed. Postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±1.00 D in ten eyes (90.9 %). With regard to aberrations, no statistically significant changes were found in higher order and primary coma RMS postoperatively (p ≥ 0.21), and only minimal but statistically significant negativization of primary spherical aberration (p = 0.02) was observed. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion LASIK surgery using the solid-state laser technology seems to be a useful procedure for the correction of low to moderate hyperopia, with minimal induction of higher order aberrations.

Ciències socials i la seua didàctica

Aquest quadern ha sorgit amb l'objectiu de facilitar el material didàctic necessari per al seguiment de l'assignatura de Ciències socials i la seua didàctica, ubicada en el segon curs de Magisteri, especialitat Educació Primària. Els alumnes d'aquesta titulació tenen un pla d'estudi molt dens, i una simple observació posa de manifest la falta de temps per atendre la seua formació. Al mateix temps els avanços tant en la didàctica com en les ciències de referència, difosos en revistes especialitzades, llibres de congressos, o temàtics, ens aconsellen realitzar una selecció i presentar una síntesi, que servesca de punt de partida per tot l'alumnat que tinga una mínima inquietud. Per aquesta raó dins dels primers capítols i activitats d'aula es presenten les principals fonts d'informació com bibliografia, hemeroteca o direccions d'Internet. La Universitat d'Alacant, conscient que molts alumnes volen estudiar en valencià, ofereix al professors, a través del Secretariat de Promoció del Valencià, l'oportunitat d'elaborar materials docents en aquesta llengua. Per tant l'objectiu d'aquest quadern també és atendre la demanda social existent i proporcionar el material didàctic bàsic pel seguiment de l'assignatura de Ciències socials i la seua didàctica. Els continguts seleccionats per al quadern estan definits pel descriptor que marca la normativa i els principis de la ciència, que el docent a presentat als seus alumnes i que han sigut avaluats a classe al llarg de cinc cursos.

Elaboración de material para la realización de experiencias de clase inversa (flipped classroom)

Las experiencias docentes que fomentan la participación activa de los estudiantes son bien aceptadas por los alumnos y se consideran un estímulo añadido que les ayuda en el proceso de aprendizaje. La clase inversa o “Flipped classroom” es un recurso docente adaptado a los objetivos de la materia de estudio y al alumnado para el cual va dirigido, que permite una interacción más personalizada entre el docente y el estudiante y estimula el trabajo autónomo de los alumnos. Con esta red docente nos planteamos la elaboración de material audiovisual propio que permita al alumno estudiar de forma preliminar y autónoma cada concepto catalogado, con el objetivo de poder utilizar la metodología de clase inversa en diversas asignaturas de farmacología. Nuestro objetivo fue elaborar un material adaptado a las necesidades específicas de nuestras titulaciones y mejorar así los resultados alcanzados en una clase tradicional. Completamos la elaboración de vídeos correspondientes a cuatro temas seleccionados de la materia y realizamos una experiencia piloto en un seminario de farmacología con buena aceptación tanto por el profesorado como por los estudiantes. El material obtenido en esta red se utilizará el próximo curso académico.

O papel de mediação das necessidades psicológicas na associação entre o suporte de autonomia e o bem-estar psicológico em praticantes de fitness

Tendo por base a teoria da autodeterminação, este estudo objetiva a análise do papel mediador da perceção de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas na relação entre a perceção de suporte de autonomia dado pelo instrutor de fitness e indicadores de bem-estar psicológico, em praticantes de exercício. Participaram neste estudo 984 praticantes de fitness em ginásios, de ambos os géneros (531 femininos; 453 masculinos), com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e os 70 anos (M= 31.7; SD= 11.2). Todos os praticantes foram avaliados ao nível da sua perceção de suporte de autonomia dado pelo instrutor de fitness, perceção de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas (competência, autonomia e relação) e bem-estar psicológico (vitalidade subjetiva, satisfação com a vida e autoestima global). Os resultados obtidos, com recurso à análise de equações estruturais, corroboram o papel mediador das necessidades psicológicas básicas na relação entre a perceção de suporte de autonomia e o bem-estar psicológico. Estes resultados clarificam o mecanismo de promoção do bem-estar psicológico em praticantes de exercício, auxiliando no processo de delineamento de intervenções futuras no contexto do fitness com este propósito.

Genetic selection to increase bone strength affects prevalence of keel bone damage and egg parameters in commercially housed laying hens.

The prevalence of keel bone damage as well as external egg parameters of 2 pure lines divergently selected for high (H) and low (L) bone strength were investigated in 2 aviary systems under commercial conditions. A standard LSL hybrid was used as a reference group. Birds were kept mixed per genetic line (77 hens of the H and L line and 201 or 206 hens of the LSL line, respectively, per pen) in 8 pens of 2 aviary systems differing in design. Keel bone status and body mass of 20 focal hens per line and pen were assessed at 17, 18, 23, 30, 36, 43, 52, and 63 wk of age. External egg parameters (i.e., egg mass, eggshell breaking strength, thickness, and mass) were measured using 10 eggs per line at both 38 and 57 wk of age. Body parameters (i.e. tarsus and third primary wing feather length to calculate index of wing loading) were recorded at 38 wk of age and mortality per genetic line throughout the laying cycle. Bone mineral density (BMD) of 15 keel bones per genetic line was measured after slaughter to confirm assignment of the experimental lines. We found a greater BMD in the H compared with the L and LSL lines. Fewer keel bone fractures and deviations, a poorer external egg quality, as well as a lower index of wing loading were found in the H compared with the L line. Mortality was lower and production parameters (e.g., laying performance) were higher in the LSL line compared with the 2 experimental lines. Aviary design affected prevalence of keel bone damage, body mass, and mortality. We conclude that selection of specific bone traits associated with bone strength as well as the related differences in body morphology (i.e., lower index of wing loading) have potential to reduce keel bone damage in commercial settings. Also, the housing environment (i.e., aviary design) may have additive effects.

(Table 3) Clay mineralogy and calcium carbonate and organic carbon contents of fabric samples of ODP Leg 117

Calcium carbonate and organic carbon concentrations are from measurements made on board the JOIDES Resolution during Leg 117 (Prell, Niitsuma, et al., 1989, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.117.1989). Values are for samples immdiately adjacent to fabric samples, or for Site 723 within 25 cm of the fabric sample interval. Intervals for which carbon analyses were not performed are represented by values in parenthesis which are from the nearest interval of similar lithology. Organic carbon analyses were not performed for samples below 402 mbsf at Site 731. Analyses performed on similar sediments at Sites 722 and 731 indicate the organic carbon concentration is probably <0.20%.