Stiffness tomography exploration of living and fixed macrophages.

Stiffness tomography is a new atomic force microscopy imaging technique that allows highlighting structures located underneath the surface of the sample. In this imaging mode, such structures are identified by investigating their mechanical properties. We present here, for the first time, a description of the use of this technique to acquire detailed stiffness maps of fixed and living macrophages. Indeed, the mechanical properties of several macrophages were studied through stiffness tomography imaging, allowing some insight of the structures lying below the cell's surface. Through these investigations, we were able to evidence the presence and properties of stiff column-like features located underneath the cell membrane. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the presence, underneath the cell membrane, of such stiff features, which are in dimension and form compatible with phagosomes. Moreover, by exposing the cells to cytochalasin, we were able to study the induced modifications, obtaining an indication of the location and mechanical properties of the actin cytoskeleton. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Urological complications in renal transplantation from cadaveric donor grafts : a retrospective analysis of 20 years

Résumé : Introduction Cette étude est une analyse rétrospective des complications urétérales et de leurs prises en charge à partir d'une série monocentrique de 277 transplantations rénales consécutives. Matériel et méthode De septembre 1979 à juin 1999, 277 transplantations rénales (origine cadavérique) ont été pratiquées chez 241 patients. L'uretère provenant de la greffe rénale a été inséré dans la vessie selon la technique d'implantation extravésicale décrite par Lich-Gregoir et Campos-Freire. L'étude a analysé la date de survenue et le genre de complications observés. Les différentes procédures pour restaurer le tractus urinaire transplanté sont présentées dans cette étude. Résultats Des complications sont survenues chez 43/277 transplantations rénales (15,5%). Les fuites urinaires sur l'anastomose ou les sténoses urétérales étaient les plus fréquentes. La date de survenue de ces complications étaient soit précoce (< 1 mois) soit tardive (> 1 mois) dans un nombre similaire de cas. La plupart des cas ont été pris en charge chirurgicalement 33/43 cas (76,7%). La réparation chirurgicale la plus fréquente a été la réimplantation urétérovésicale (n-13), suivie par : l'anastomose urétérourétérale termino-terminale (uretère natif-uretère greffé, n-5) ; l'anastomose pyélourétérale (uretère natif-bassinet rénal greffé, n=5) ; la simple révision de l'implantation urétérovésicale (n=4) ; la résection et l'anastomose termino-terminale de l'uretère greffé (n=2) ; la calico-vésicostomie (vessie greffée, n=1) ; l'implantation selon Boari (n=1) ; la pyélovésicostomie avec bipartition de la vessie (n-1), et la pyéloiléocystoplastie avec greffe iléale détubularisée (n=1). Aucun décès en relation avec les complications urologiques n'a été rapporté. Cependant, 2 reflux vésico-rénaux consécutifs ont conduit à distance à la perte du greffon. Conclusion Le taux de complications constaté dans cette analyse rétrospective est similaire à celui observé dans d'autres études. Il se situe entre 2 et 20%. Si l'implantation urétérovésicale extravésicale classique reste une technique attractive en raison de sa simplicité, l'équipe chirurgicale dans un centre de formation doit rester attentive à toute mesure de prévention des complications urétérales, comme le choix d'une autre technique d'implantation de l'uretère et/ou de l'insertion transitoire d'un stent urétéral. Abstract Introduction: This study is a retrospective analysis of ureteral complications and their management from a monocenter series of 277 consecutive renal transplantations. Materials and Methods: From September 1979 to June 1999, 277 renal transplantations (cadaveric origin) were performed in 241 patients. The ureter from the kidney graft was inserted into the bladder according to the technique of extravesical implantation described by Lich-Gregoir and Campos-Freire. The study analyzed the time of occurrence and the type of complications observed. The different procedures to restore the transplanted urinary tract are presented. Results: Complications occurred in 431277 renal transplantations (15.5%). Anastomotic urine leakage or ureteral stricture were the most frequent. The time to appearance of these complications was either short (<1 month) or late (>1 month) in a similar number of cases. Most cases were managed surgically: 33/43 cases (76.7%). The most frequent surgi cal repair was ureterovesical reimplantation n =13), Followed by: ureteroureteral end, to end anastomosis (native ureter-ureter transplant, n =, 5); pyeloureteral anastomosis (native ureter-renal pelvis transplant n = 5): simple revision of ureterovesical implantation (n=4): resection and end-to end anastomosis of the transplant ureter (n=2); calico-vesicostomy graft-bladder, n = 1); implantation according to Boari (n= 1); pyelovesicostomy with bipartition of bladder (n = 1), and pyeloileocystoplasty with detubularized ileal graft (n=1). No deaths related to any of the urological complications were reported However, 2 consecutive vesico-renal refluxes led to the loss of the kidney graft in the long-term. Conclusion: The rate of complications observed in this retrospective analysis is similar to the experience of other studies, ranging from 2 to 20% If the classical extravesical ureteral bladder implantation is to remain an attractive technique due to its simplicity, the surgical team at the training center should be aware of all the means to prevent any ureteral complications, such as the choice of another implantation technique and/or insertion of a transient ureteral stent.

Impact of thermal proofing of a church on its indoor air-quality - The combustion of candles and incense as a source of pollution

Some years ago, a parish in Geneva decided to reduce heating costs by insulating its church to make it more energy efficient. Three years after the last renovations, it was observed that the internal surfaces of the naves had already become dusty compared with the customary frequency of 10-12 years. Dust even deposited on various surfaces during religious services. Our investigation showed that nearly all the dust found inside the church may in fact be soot from incense and candle combustion. Incense appears to be a significant source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. With a mechanical ventilation system and petrol lamps resembling candles the problem can be resolved.

Prevalence of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study in patients from private practices and university hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Anaemia represents a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Most studies on anaemia in IBD patients have been performed in tertiary referral centres (RC) and data from gastroenterologic practices (GP) are lacking. We investigated the frequency and severity of anaemia in IBD patients from tertiary referral centres and gastroenterologic practices compared to the general population. METHODS: Data were acquired from patients included in the Swiss IBD Cohort Study. IBD activity was evaluated by CDAI and modified Truelove and Witts severity index (MTWSI). Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin ≤120g/L in women and ≤130g/L in men. RESULTS: 125 patients from RC (66 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 59 with ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 116 patients from GP (71 CD and 45 UC) were included and compared to 6074 blood donors. Anaemia was found in 21.2% (51/241) of the IBD patients and more frequently in patients from RC as compared to GP and healthy controls (28.8% vs. 12.9% vs. 3.4%; P<0.01). IBD patients from RC suffered more frequently from active disease compared to IBD patients in GP (36% vs. 23%, P=0.032). Supplementation therapy (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid) was performed in 40% of anaemic IBD patients in GP as compared to 43% in RC. CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia is a common complication in patients with IBD and significantly more prevalent in patients from referral centres as compared to patients from gastroenterologic practices. Physicians treating IBD patients should pay attention to the presence of anaemia and ensure sufficient supplementation therapy.

1 de Diciembre, Día Mundial de la lucha frente al SIDA 2013

Boletín semanal para profesionales sanitarios de la Secretaría General de Calidad, Innovación y Salud Pública de la Consejería de Igualdad, Salud y Políticas Sociales

Diagnostic reliability of an immunochromatographic test for Chagas disease screening at a primary health care centre in a rural endemic area

Many patients with Chagas disease live in remote communities that lack both equipment and trained personnel to perform a diagnosis by conventional serology (CS). Thus, reliable tests suitable for use under difficult conditions are required. In this study, we evaluated the ability of personnel with and without laboratory skills to perform immunochromatographic (IC) tests to detect Chagas disease at a primary health care centre (PHCC). We examined whole blood samples from 241 patients and serum samples from 238 patients. Then, we calculated the percentage of overall agreement (POA) between the two groups of operators for the sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp) and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of IC tests compared to CS tests. We also evaluated the level of agreement between ELISAs and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests. The readings of the IC test results showed 100% agreement (POA = 1). The IC test on whole blood showed the following values: S = 87.3%; Sp = 98.8%; PPV = 96.9% and NPV = 95.9%. Additionally, the IC test on serum displayed the following results: S = 95.7%; Sp = 100%; PPV = 100% and NPV = 98.2%. Using whole blood, the agreement with ELISA was 96.3% and the agreement with IHA was 94.1%. Using serum, the agreement with ELISA was 97.8% and the agreement with IHA was 96.6%. The IC test performance with serum samples was excellent and demonstrated its usefulness in a PHCC with minimal equipment. If the IC test S value and NPV with whole blood are improved, then this test could also be used in areas lacking laboratories or specialised personnel.

Programa de salud infantil y adolescente de Andalucía. Actividades grupales y comunitarias

Sesiones grupales: 01. ‘Una vida familiar’; 02. ‘Adaptación y vínculo de apego’; 03. ‘Cómo estimular el desarrollo infantil’; 04. ‘El arte de educar’; 05. ‘Adolescencia’. Programa de Salud Infantil y Adolescente de Andalucía (http://www.repositoriosalud.es/handle/10668/1741)

Role of CCR5 genetic polymorphisms in clinical and histological outcomes of hepatitis C

Background: The CCR5 32-base deletion (CCR5D32), which results into the expression of a non-functioning receptor, has been associated with H CV c learance a nd may influence fibrosis progression i n hepatitis C . We a ssessed t he link between C CR5D32 and c linical outcomes o f HCV. Methods: Genomic D NA was isolated and analyzed b y PCR to i dentify C CR5D32 in 1 303 anti-HCV-positive persons (161 clearers and 1142 chronically infected, 1007 with a liver biopsy). Results: Overall, 200 (15.3%) w ere heterozygote a nd 16 (1.2%) homozygote for CCR5D32. H CV c learance (by univariate) was associated with m ale sex (OR 0.633, 9 5% C I 0.428-0.935, P=0.022), HCV acquisition by blood transfusion (OR 0.360, 95% CI 0.175-0.741, P =0.0056), polymorphisms at IL28B rs12979860 ( OR 0.482, 9 5% C I 0.277-0.839, P =0.0098) a nd rs8099917 ( OR 0.291, 95% CI 0.167-0.508, P=0.000014), but not with CCR5D32. However, CCR5D32 was associated with spontaneous HCV clearance when the 482 females only w ere considered, although the number of homozygotes was small (1/427 chronic vs 3/51 clearers) (OR 24.56, 95% C I 12.5-241.4, P =0.006). T he CCR5D32 deletion was not associated with liver grading and staging scores, fibrosis progression rate, or t herapy response. Conclusions: At v ariance w ith a p revious report (Nattermann et a l, 2011), suggesting that a n on-functional CCR5 m ay hamper H CV clearance, C CR5D32 appeared to b e associated with an increased spontaneous eradication in women (but not men). Given the small number of CCR5D32 homozygote persons, these data need further validation.

The lincRNA HOTAIRM1, located in the HOXA genomic region, is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia, impacts prognosis in patients in the intermediate-risk cytogenetic category, and is associated with a distinctive microRNA signature.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in several tumors, although their role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is mostly unknown.We have examined the expression of the lncRNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) in 241 AML patients. We have correlated HOTAIRM1 expression with a miRNA expression profile. We have also analyzed the prognostic value of HOTAIRM1 expression in 215 intermediate-risk AML (IR-AML) patients.The lowest expression level was observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia (P < 0.001) and the highest in t(6;9) AML (P = 0.005). In 215 IR-AML patients, high HOTAIRM1 expression was independently associated with shorter overall survival (OR:2.04;P = 0.001), shorter leukemia-free survival (OR:2.56; P < 0.001) and a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (OR:1.67; P = 0.046). Moreover, HOTAIRM1 maintained its independent prognostic value within the favorable molecular subgroup (OR: 3.43; P = 0.009). Interestingly, HOTAIRM1 was overexpressed in NPM1-mutated AML (P < 0.001) and within this group retained its prognostic value (OR: 2.21; P = 0.01). Moreover, HOTAIRM1 expression was associated with a specific 33-microRNA signature that included miR-196b (P < 0.001). miR-196b is located in the HOX genomic region and has previously been reported to have an independent prognostic value in AML. miR-196b and HOTAIRM1 in combination as a prognostic factor can classify patients as high-, intermediate-, or low-risk (5-year OS: 24% vs 42% vs 70%; P = 0.004).Determination of HOTAIRM1 level at diagnosis provided relevant prognostic information in IR-AML and allowed refinement of risk stratification based on common molecular markers. The prognostic information provided by HOTAIRM1 was strengthened when combined with miR-196b expression. Furthermore, HOTAIRM1 correlated with a 33-miRNA signature.

Latin 14762

Contient : I Lettres de s. Anselme ; Règle de Grammont (205) ; Institutions de Prémontré (223) ; II Expositio Isidori super V libros Moysi (241) ; Beda in libros regum (317)

Adaptation en français et en allemand d'une échelle de pression des pairs pour jeunes adultes : le Peer Pressure Inventory [Adaptation of a peer pressure scale in French and German: the Peer Pressure Inventory].

BACKGROUND: Peer pressure is regarded as an important determinant of substance use, sexual behavior and juvenile delinquency. However, few peer pressure scales are validated, especially in French or German. Little is known about the factor structure of such scales or the kind of scale needed: some scales takes into account both peer pressure to do and peer pressure not to do, while others consider only peer pressure to do. The aim of the present study was to adapt French and German versions of the Peer Pressure Inventory, which is one of the most widely used scales in this field. We considered its factor structure and concurrent validity. METHODS: Five thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven young Swiss men filled in a questionnaire on peer pressure, substance use, and other variables (conformity, involvement) in a cohort study. RESULTS: We identified a four-factor structure, with the three factors of the initial Peer Pressure Inventory (involvement, conformity, misconduct) and adding a new one (relationship with girls). A non-valued scale (from no peer pressure to peer pressure to do only) showed stronger psychometric qualities than a valued scale (from peer pressure not to do to peer pressure to do). Concurrent validity was also good. Each behavior or attitude was significantly associated with peer pressure. CONCLUSION: Peer pressure seems to be a multidimensional concept. In this study, peer pressure to do showed the strongest influence on participants. Indeed, peer pressure not to do did not add anything useful. Only peer pressure to do affected young Swiss men's behaviors and attitudes and was reliable.

An unusual uterine tumor with signet ring cell features.

In 2004, a 56-year-old woman was diagnosed with Stage IA follicular lymphoma in a cervical lymph node biopsy. The patient experienced total remission after local radiation therapy. In 2009, a control computed tomography scan evidenced a pelvic mass, prompting total hysterectomy. The latter harbored a 4.8-cm intramural uterine tumor corresponding to a mostly diffuse and focally nodular proliferation of medium to large cells, with extensive, periodic acid-Schiff negative, signet ring cell changes, and a pan-keratin negative, CD20+, CD10+, Bcl2+, Bcl6+ immunophenotype. Molecular genetic studies showed the same clonal IGH gene rearrangement in the lymph node and the uterus, establishing the uterine tumor as a relapse of the preceding follicular lymphoma, although no signet ring cells were evidenced at presentation. Uterine localization of lymphomas is rare, and lymphomas with signet ring cell features are uncommon. This exceptional case exemplifies a diagnostically challenging situation and expands the differential diagnosis of uterine neoplasms displaying signet ring cell morphology.