973 resultados para 4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl-benzenesulfonate
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Context and objectives. While 11% of all drivers are aged between 16 and 24, they represent 20% of all fatally injured drivers on the road network of the Province of Quebec. In collaboration with the Sûreté du Québec (SQ), this study seeks to: (1) offer a detailed description of the process (script) leading to fatal collisions involving young drivers; and (2) to recommend prevention measures. Methodology. The script perspective was used to relate the process leading to a fatal collision. The script perspective accounts for all steps that lead to the collision by focusing on: (1) all parties (the driver, friends, parents) and their actions; (2) contexts; and (3) environments. Data were collected from collision and investigation files (n=179). Descriptive and comparative analyses were then conducted to construct the script(s). Results. Results show that fatal collision scripts for 16-29 are different from scripts involving drivers of other age categories (30-59 year-old and 60 year-old and over). The typical script involves a young driver using his car to take part in leisure or festive activities. The latest often occur in a private residence, a bar or a restaurant. On site, young drivers frequently consume psychoactive substances (between 21 and 63.5% of them according to the scene of the script) and are accompanied by friends (between 18.4 and 73.9% according to the scene of the script). Friends often encourage drivers to have alcohol and/or drugs, and to adopt reckless behaviours (speeding and drinking-and-driving are respectively involved in 29.9 and 28.6% of fatal collisions). Conclusion and implications for prevention. Results suggest that fatal collisions involving young drivers could be avoided by encouraging prevention measures aimed at: (1) separating drinking and driving; (2) limiting access to alcohol and peer pressure; (3) raising awareness among potential guardians (e.g. responsible waiters, friends); and (4) increasing arrest risk.
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Objectives: This article further examines the phenomenon of aggression inside barrooms by relying on the “bouncer-ethnographer” methodology. The objective is to investigate variations in aggression through time and space according to the role and routine of the target in a Montreal barroom. Thus, it provides an examination of routine activity theory at the micro level: the barroom. Methods: For a period of 258 nights of observation in a Canadian barroom, bouncers completed reports on each intervention and provided specific information regarding what happened, when and where within the venue. In addition, the bouncer-ethnographer compiled field observations and interviews with bar personnel in order to identify aggression hotspots and “rush hours” for three types of actors within barrooms: (a) bouncers, (b) barmaids and (c) patrons. Findings: Three different patterns emerged for shifting hotspots of aggression depending on the target. As the night progresses, aggressive incidents between patrons, towards barmaids and towards bouncers have specific hotspots and rush hours influenced by the specific routine of the target inside the barroom. Implications: The current findings enrich those of previous work by pointing to the relevance of not only examining the environmental characteristics of the barroom, but also the role of the target of aggression. Crime opportunities follow routine activities, even within a specific location on a micro level. Routine activity theory is thus relevant in this context, because as actors in differing roles follow differing routines, as do their patterns of victimization.
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The electron donor properties of Pr6O11 activated at 300. 500 and 800°C are reported from the studies on adsorption of electron acceptors of various electron affinity (7. 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. 2, 3. 5, 6-tetrachloro-l, 4-benzoquin one. p-dinitrobenzene. and m-dinitrobenzene) in three solvents (acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxan and ethyl acetate). The extent of electron transfer during adsorption is understood from magnetic measurements and ESR spectral data. The corresponding data on mixed oxides of Pr and Al are reported for various compositions, The acid / base properties of these oxides are determined using a set of Hammett indicators.
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The electronic structure of an isolated oxygen vacancy in SrTiO3 has been investigated with a variety of ab initio quantum mechanical approaches. In particular we compared pure density functional theory (DFT) approaches with the Hartree-Fock method, and with hybrid methods where the exchange term is treated in a mixed way. Both local cluster models and periodic calculations with large supercells containing up to 80 atoms have been performed. Both diamagnetic (singlet state) and paramagnetic (triplet state) solutions have been considered. We found that the formation of an O vacancy is accompanied by the transfer of two electrons to the 3d(z2) orbitals of the two Ti atoms along the Ti-Vac-Ti axis. The two electrons are spin coupled and the ground state is diamagnetic. New states associated with the defect center appear in the gap just below the conduction band edge. The formation energy computed with respect to an isolated oxygen atom in the triplet state is 9.4 eV.
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Clustering combined with multihop communication is a promising solution to cope with the energy requirements of large scale Wireless Sensor Networks. In this work, a new cluster based routing protocol referred to as Energy Aware Cluster-based Multihop (EACM) Routing Protocol is introduced, with multihop communication between cluster heads for transmitting messages to the base station and direct communication within clusters. We propose EACM with both static and dynamic clustering. The network is partitioned into near optimal load balanced clusters by using a voting technique, which ensures that the suitability of a node to become a cluster head is determined by all its neighbors. Results show that the new protocol performs better than LEACH on network lifetime and energy dissipation
Characterization of an extracellular alkaline serine protease from marine Engyodontium album BTMFS10
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An alkaline protease from marine Engyodontium album was characterized for its physicochemical properties towards evaluation of its suitability for potential industrial applications. Molecular mass of the enzyme by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis was calculated as 28.6 kDa. Isoelectric focusing yielded pI of 3–4. Enzyme inhibition by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and aprotinin confirmed the serine protease nature of the enzyme.Km, Vmax, and Kcat of the enzyme were 4.727 9 10-2 mg/ml, 394.68 U, and 4.2175 9 10-2 s-1, respectively. Enzyme was noted to be active over a broad range of pH (6–12) and temperature (15–65 C), withmaximumactivity at pH 11 and 60 C. CaCl2 (1 mM), starch (1%), and sucrose (1%) imparted thermal stability at 65 C. Hg2?, Cu2?, Fe3?, Zn2?, Cd?, and Al3? inhibited enzyme activity, while 1 mMCo2? enhanced enzyme activity. Reducing agents enhanced enzyme activity at lower concentrations. The enzyme showed considerable storage stability, and retained its activity in the presence of hydrocarbons, natural oils, surfactants, and most of the organic solvents tested. Results indicate that the marine protease holds potential for use in the detergent industry and for varied applications.
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As the popularity of digital videos increases, a large number illegal videos are being generated and getting published. Video copies are generated by performing various sorts of transformations on the original video data. For effectively identifying such illegal videos, the image features that are invariant to various transformations must be extracted for performing similarity matching. An image feature can be its local feature or global feature. Among them, local features are powerful and have been applied in a wide variety of computer vision aplications .This paper focuses on various recently proposed local detectors and descriptors that are invariant to a number of image transformations.
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This study gave the first report on the biennial metal divergence in the sediments of Cochin Estuarine system (CES). Surface sediments from 6 prominent regions of CES were sampled in 2009 and 2011 for the geochemical and environmental assessment of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn).Besides texture, total organic carbon (TOC) and CHNS were also done. The contamination and risk assessment were performed by determining geochemical indices. Comparison with sediment quality guidelines were done to assess the probability for ecotoxicological threat to the estuary. Results showed that the measured heavy metals had varied spatial distribution patterns, indicating that they had complex origins and controlling factors
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A comparison between the charge transport properties in low molecular amorphous thin films of spiro-linked compound and their corresponding parent compound has been demonstrated. The field-effect transistor method is used for extracting physical parameters such as field-effect mobility of charge carriers, ON/OFF ratios, and stability. In addition, phototransistors have been fabricated and demonstrated for the first time by using organic materials. In this case, asymmetrically spiro-linked compounds are used as active materials. The active materials used in this study can be divided into three classes, namely Spiro-linked compounds (symmetrically spiro-linked compounds), the corresponding parent-compounds, and photosensitive spiro-linked compounds (asymmetrically spiro-linked com-pounds). Some of symmetrically spiro-linked compounds used in this study were 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(di-phenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-TAD),2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(N,N'-di-p-methylphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-TTB), 2,2',7,7'-Tetra-(m-tolyl-phenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-TPD), and 2,2Ž,7,7Ž-Tetra-(N-phenyl-1-naphtylamine)-9,9Ž-spirobifluorene (Spiro alpha-NPB). Related parent compounds of the symmetrically spiro-linked compound used in this study were N,N,N',N'-Tetraphenylbenzidine (TAD), N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)benzidine (TTB), N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (TPD), and N,N'-Diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (alpha-NPB). The photosensitive asymmetrically spiro-linked compounds used in this study were 2,7-bis-(N,N'-diphenylamino)-2',7'-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-DPSP), and 2,7-bis-(N,N'-diphenylamino)-2',7'-bis(spirobifluorene-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-DPSP^2). It was found that the field-effect mobilities of charge carriers in thin films of symmetrically spiro-linked compounds and their corresponding parent compounds are in the same order of magnitude (~10^-5 cm^2/Vs). However, the thin films of the parent compounds were easily crystallized after the samples have been exposed in ambient atmosphere and at room temperature for three days. In contrast, the thin films and the transistor characteristics of symmetrically spiro-linked compound did not change significantly after the samples have been stored in ambient atmosphere and at room temperature for several months. Furthermore, temperature dependence of the mobility was analyzed in two models, namely the Arrhenius model and the Gaussian Disorder model. The Arrhenius model tends to give a high value of the prefactor mobility. However, it is difficult to distinguish whether the temperature behaviors of the material under consideration follows the Arrhenius model or the Gaussian Disorder model due to the narrow accessible range of the temperatures. For the first time, phototransistors have been fabricated and demonstrated by using organic materials. In this case, asymmetrically spiro-linked compounds are used as active materials. Intramolecular charge transfer between a bis(diphenylamino)biphenyl unit and a sexiphenyl unit leads to an increase in charge carrier density, providing the amplification effect. The operational responsivity of better than 1 A/W can be obtained for ultraviolet light at 370 nm, making the device interesting for sensor applications. This result offers a new potential application of organic thin film phototransistors as low-light level and low-cost visible blind ultraviolet photodetectors.
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Multiconfiguration relativistic Dirac-Fock (MCDF) values were calculated for the first five ionization potentials of element 105 (unnilpentium) and of the other group 5b elements (V, Nb, and Ta). Some of these ionization potentials in electron volts (eV) with uncertainties are: 105(0), 7.4±0.4; 105(1 +), 16.3 ±0.2; 105(2 +), 24.3 ± 0.2; 105(3 + ), 34.9 ± 0.5; and 105(4 + ), 44.9 ± 0.1. Ionization potentials for Ta(1+), Ta(2 +), and Ta(3 + ) were also calculated. Accurate experimental values for these ionization potentials are not available. Ionic radii are presented for the 2+, 3+, 4 +, and 5+ ions of element 105 and for the + 2 ions of vanadium and niobium. These radii for vanadium and niobium are not available elsewhere. The ionization potentials and ionic radii obtained are used to determine some standard electrode potentials for element 105. Born-Haber cycles and a form of the Born equation for the Gibbs free energy of hydration of ions were used to calculate the standard electrode potentials.
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Among organic materials, spirobifluorene derivatives represent a very attractive class of materials for electronic devices. These compounds have high melting points, glass transitions temperatures and morphological stability, which makes these materials suitable for organic electronic applications. In addition, some of spirobifluorenes can form porous supramolecular associations with significant volumes available for the inclusion of guests. These molecular associations based on the spirobifluorenes are noteworthy because they are purely molecular analogues of zeolites and other microporous solids, with potential applications in separation, catalysis, sensing and other areas.
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Acercarse al conocimiento de la realidad de los distintos comportamientos juveniles y las razones de ésta. Conocer sus características, en qué ocupan su tiempo libre y qué opinión tienen de la realidad social. 400 sujetos de entre 15 y 29 años de la población de Gijón, seleccionados entre todas las zonas y estratos de Gijón. Aspectos estudiados en el trabajo: A/ Características de los jóvenes de Gijón (sexo, edad, estado civil); nivel socioeconómico familiar; situación ocupacional o profesional; actividades de ocio; problemas fundamentales de la juventud, como paro, comportamientos familiares; realidad familiar; comportamientos sociopolíticos, como ideología, asociacionismo, sexualidad o servicio militar. Cuestionario elaborado a partir de uno realizado en Valladolid con 58 preguntas cerradas y codificadas para su posterior tratamiento informático. Obtención de frecuencias, porcentajes y tablas de asociación bivariable, estadístico Chi cuadrado y coeficiente de contingencia. Los jóvenes de Gijón de la muestra escogida pertenecen a familias con un buen nivel económico, siendo sus padres obreros de la industria, cualificados o no, y empleados del sector servicios; viven en su mayoría con sus padres. Tras la descripción de la muestra se observa que más de la mitad de los jovenes tienen un nivel de estudios de BUP-COU o FP, destacando los de FP; son los más jovenes los que se dedican a estudiar exclusivamente, y la Universidad es una opción minoritaria. Los hijos de los obreros no cualificados son los que más dificultades académicas encuentran. Sorprende el hecho de que la mayoría de los hijos de obreros cualificados estudian porque no encuentran otra cosa. Parece que los hábitos de consumo de alcohol y droga de los jóvenes de Gijón no son preocupantes, aunque hay diferencias significativas según sexo, edad y distrito. Ocupan su tiempo libre en establecimientos de consumo, quedarse en casa o hacer deporte y están satisfechos con lo que hacen. Tienden a ser indiferentes ante la política o no identificarse con las siglas existentes, son católicos creyentes y en su mayoría no pertenencen a ningún grupo o asociación aunque desearían hacerlo. Se exponen además las opiniones de los jovenes en cuanto a sus problemas principales, la causa de la delincuencia, los medios de comunicación, la gestión municipal y de la administración central.
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Introducción: El síndrome ictérico es una aproximación diagnostica que reúne distintos signos y síntomas. Dependiendo de su etiología tiene como alternativa terapéutica la realización de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE), procedimiento invasivo, que tiene riesgos de morbilidad y mortalidad por esta razón su realización debe ser exclusivamente terapéutica y no diagnostica para lo que se requiere estudios diagnósticos previos certeros. Es importante estudiar si la ecografía hepatobiliar adecuada para detectar signos de patología ictérica obstructiva, puesto que en nuestro entorno, el ultrasonido determina la posible realización de una prueba invasiva, como es la CPRE. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la correlación existente entre los hallazgos de la vía biliar encontrados en la ultrasonografía hepatobiliar y los de la CPRE realizadas en el Hospital Departamental Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS), Bogotá durante el periodo comprendido entre el 01.03.05 y 01.11.07 Materiales y Método: Estudio de concordancia de pruebas diagnósticas retrospectivo. Mediante un cuestionario cerrado se recolecto la información relacionada con las características del paciente, hallazgos del ultrasonido hepatobiliar y reporte de CPRE. Se calcularon los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de la ultrasonografía hepatobiliar previa al CPRE. Se utilizó la razón de verosimilitud (RV) como indicador del desempeño del test diagnóstico. El programa para el análisis de datos usado fue EPIDAT versión 3.1. (Programa de acceso gratuito de la Xunta de Galicia, España y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS)). Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, 457 pacientes fueron llevados a CPRE, de los cuales, 271 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, la ecografía hepatobiliar para el diagnostico de vía biliar dilatada tiene una sensibilidad del 66.5% (IC 95%: 60.2 -72.5) y una especificidad del 65.6% (IC 95%: 46.8 81.4), con un cociente de probabilidad negativo del 49% , para el diagnostico de coledocolitiasis una sensibilidad del 25.6% (IC 95%: 18.4 33.9) con una especificidad del 87.7% (IC 95%: 81.0 92.7). En conclusión, el estudio confirma en nuestro medio que la ecografía hepatobiliar tiene una baja sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnostico de síndrome biliar obstructivo y coledocolitiasis y existe una baja concordancia entre los hallazgos de la ecografía hepatobiliar y la CPRE.
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Se comentan algunos aspectos que pueden facilitar la atenci??n a la diversidad a partir de la organizaci??n de los recursos humanos y did??cticos de los que disponen los institutos de educaci??n secundaria obligatoria. Normalmente, al hablar de atenci??n a la diversidad se da mucha importancia a toda la actividad educativa que se produce en el aula (metodolog??a, contenidos, organizaci??n de actividades, secuenciaci??n de contenidos, etc) y el peso de la respuesta educativa recae en los tutores, profesores de ??rea y profesores de refuerzo. Sin restar importancia a estos aspectos, se considera que hay una serie de elementos organizativos que facilitan mucho la tarea, tan dif??cil, de dar una respuesta educativa adaptada a las caracter??sticas individuales y de grupo de los alumnos. La LOGSE da una especial significaci??n a la diversificaci??n en la etapa de ESO, adapt??ndose a las necesidades, aptitudes e intereses de los alumnos con la finalidad de conseguir los objetivos generales de etapa. Sin tratar directamente las medidas de atenci??n a la diversidad, se hace referencia al profesorado de ??rea y a los departamentos did??cticos como agentes del tratamiento de la diversidad.
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La dirección exitosa de las organizaciones se fundamenta en el desarrollo personal, en los principios y valores, y en la responsabilidad social, sustentado todo ello en las habilidades que permiten a las personas relacionarse de manera eficiente, respetuosa y enriquecedora con los demás. Así lo advierten Françoise Contreras y David Barbosa, profesores del Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial de la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario, quienes aseguran que aspectos como la integridad, el optimismo, la felicidad, las virtudes, los valores, la visión, la constancia, la satisfacción y la calidad de vida percibida (todos ellos asociados al liderazgo efectivo), cobran especial vigencia para promover empresas exitosas y productivas desde todo punto de vista. Las habilidades propias de la dirección se estructuran actualmente en torno a la estrategia, el liderazgo y la realidad empresarial (esencia de la formación en la Universidad del Rosario), enmarcadas dentro de una perspectiva que define la organización como un fenómeno complejo y en permanente cambio, donde probablemente lo que fue funcional en un momento histórico, en la actualidad puede ser una amenaza para la perdurabilidad empresarial. Todo ello implica, para las escuelas de negocios y las organizaciones empresariales, centrar sus esfuerzos en el desarrollo de las personas dentro de una actitud ética y socialmente responsable.