长白山种子植物区系研究

长白山种子植物区系是东北植物区系的一部分，它具有东北植物区种子植物的大部分种属，共有种子植物约１０９科４９６属１２７４种，是中国东北最丰富的高山型植物区系。此区系属于温带性质．特有现象明显，垂直替代与水平替代现象也均表现明显，地理联系广泛，但以与东亚其它地区特别是与日本的联系最为密切，种类成分复杂，共有１７个分布型与１７个分布亚型，其中包含有少量热带性质成分和一些寒带性质成分，而主要的则是以占半数以上的温带性质的东亚地区成分为主体，渗入了相当数量的北温带地区成分和若干其它温带成分所组成的。起源时间不晚于第三纪。

矿石中金的在线固相萃取及缝管火焰原子吸收测定

介绍了将流动注射在线固相萃取预浓集与石英缝管火焰原子吸收相结合测定矿石中金的方法。用ＸＡＤ８吸附树脂填充的微型柱（１００μｌ）在６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，从０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质的试样溶液中浓集金氯络合物，再用乙醇洗脱，最后由火焰原子吸收检测。在采样频率为１０３样／ｈ的流速下灵敏度提高４７倍，分析精度（ＲＳＤ）为１．３％（０．１μｇ／ｍｌＡｕ，ｎ＝１１），检出限为１．０μｇ／Ｌ（３σ）；在６５样／ｈ的采样频率下灵敏度提高９５倍，检出限可达０．６μｇ／Ｌ，对于矿石的检出限为０．０１５ｇ／ｔ，矿样消化液中加金的回收率为９１％～１０６％。

土壤改良剂改土培肥增产效应研究综述

壤改良剂研究已是近年来国内外广泛关注的热点,在对土壤改良剂发展及其种类进行简要回顾的基础上,对土壤改良剂的改土培肥效应(物理结构、化学特性、生化特性)、作物增产效应及其施用技术进行了较为全面的分析和评述,并提出了目前存在的问题和展望了土壤改良剂的研究趋势。

论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容

安全是风险的反函数 ,通常指评价对象对于期望值状态的保障程度 ,或防止非理想的不确定性事件发生的可靠性 .生态安全可定义为人类在生产、生活与健康等方面不受生态破坏与环境污染等影响的保障程度 ,包括饮用水与食物安全、空气质量与绿色环境等基本要素 .生态安全研究的主要内容包括生态系统健康诊断、区域生态风险分析、景观安全格局、生态安全监测与预警以及生态安全管理、保障等方面 .区域生态安全研究具有宏观性和针对性的特点 ,评价标准则具有相对性和发展性 ,生态安全预警与设计要针对某一生态问题体现人类活动的能动性 .最后 ,以干旱内流区为例 ,对绿洲景观的生态安全分析和内陆河流域的生态安全保障措施进行了讨论

污水生态处理技术体系及应用

基于已有的研究工作基础 ,根据循环再生、和谐共存、整体优化、区域分异等污水生态处理原理 ,对慢渗生态处理系统、快渗生态处理系统、地表漫流生态处理系统、污水湿地生态处理系统、地下渗滤生态处理系统等技术体系进行了较为全面的论述与概括 ,就其应用条件进行了探讨与分析 ,以推进污水生态处理系统的技术创新和在我国各地区的广泛应用 ,为全面实施污水处理与水资源综合利用相结合的污水无害化、资源化战略提供科学依据与技术基础。

下辽河平原潮棕壤稻田的无机态氮淋溶

应用陶土渗滤管法,研究了不同施氮和渗漏条件下潮棕壤稻田的氮淋溶损失。结果表明:稻季各次施用氮肥后,60 cm和90 cm深处渗漏液中NH4+-N含量都小于2 m g/L,并且各施氮肥处理和对照间差别不显著;但硝酸盐淋溶比较显著,多集中在3~15 m g/L之间。硝酸盐淋溶随施氮量增加而增加,90 cm深度渗漏液中这一趋势更为明显。水分渗漏状况影响硝酸盐在不同土层深度的累积:渗水越快,硝酸盐淋溶深度越大。渗水较快或者施氮量高时,硝酸盐的淋溶浓度高于国际饮用水卫生标准10 m g/L。施用基肥后灌水,NH4+-N、NO3--N立即出现高峰,而施用分蘖肥和穗肥后,高峰出现在施肥后10 d或更久;另处基肥时期淋溶氮的浓度也比较高。

我国煤炭省际调运的空间格局演变及其影响

了解我国煤炭省际运输空间格局的演变及其影响,有助于我国煤炭综合运输及能源可持续利用研究。通过对我国1985年以来煤炭省际输出,输入量和省区的空间变化及社会和环境影响分析,研究发现近20年来我国煤炭省际调运的空间格局发生了明显变化。全国省际煤炭输出和输入量迅速增长,输出和输入的不均匀程度稍有减小。输出省区向西、向北偏移,输入省区向东南方向偏移。在主要的煤炭净输出省区中,山西一直居于主导地位,但是内蒙古和陕西省的影响力逐渐增强：分散的区域性煤炭输出省区影响范围不断萎缩,输出量向邻近省区集中。我国煤炭省际运输空间格局的演变带来了一些社会和环境影响,煤炭省际运输量和运输距离的增加不仅带来了更为严重的环境和生态影响,也为我国东西部地区的协调发展带来了挑战,并对我国能源安全带来了更多的隐患。

龙胆质谱指纹图谱及化学模式识别方法研究

利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)法建立龙胆质谱指纹图谱,研究其中代表性裂环烯醚萜苷类成分的ESI-MS规律。采用甲醇超声法提取龙胆中裂环烯醚萜苷类成分,在正离子方式检测模式下直接进样,应用一级全扫描质谱建立其特征图谱。运用化学模式识别方法对图谱数据进行分析,发现秋季龙胆样品的聚集程度优于春季龙胆样品,根据春季、秋季药材样品的差异,可以对采收期进行区分;裂环烯醚萜苷类成分在二级质谱中易发生脱水、乙酰基、葡萄糖基等。电喷雾质谱法的精密度、稳定性、重现性均符合要求,且具有特征性强、分析速度快、样品用量少等优点。

A novel 2D arsenic vanadate network grafted with a transition metal complex: [Cu(phen)][(VV4As2O19)-V-IV-As-V]center dot 0.5H(2)O

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid compound [Cu(phen)](2)[(VV4As2O19)-V-IV-As-V-O-V].0.5H(2)O 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized. Its structure, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, exhibits an unusual two-dimensional arsenic vanadate layered network grafted with the [Cu(phen)](2+) complex. The chelating phen ligands project perpendicularly beyond the inorganic layer. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility studies indicate that both ferro- and antiferro-magnetic interactions exist in 1.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of oxyapatite NaY9Si6O26 doped with Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+ and Pb2+

Oxyapatite NaY9Si6O26 was prepared by sol-gel method. By choosing the precursors, a single phase compound was obtained. This soft chemical method lowered the reaction temperature by 100degreesC compared with the solid state method. Its morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Several rare earth ions (Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) and Pb2+ ion were doped in this compound. The high resolution emission spectrum of Eu3+ showed that rare earth ions occupied two yttrium sites. In spite of the charge imbalance of Pb2+ with the cations in this compound, it was found that Pb2+ could emit in UV range and transfer its excitation energy to Dy3+ ion.

VUV excited luminescence of europium activated calcium borophosphate prepared in air

XAFS (EXAFS and XANES) at Eu-L-3 edge were used to determine the local structure and the valences of europium in CaBPO5:Eu prepared in air. The results of EXAFS showed that the doped europium atoms were nine-coordinated by oxygen atoms and the distances of bond Eu-O were 2.39 Angstrom in the host lattice. XANES at Eu-L-3 edge exhibited that Eu2+ and Eu3+ coexisted in the matrix. The luminescent spectrum of the material excited by VUV at 147 nm presented a similar spectrum with that excited by f-f transition of Eu2+ at 396 nm and f-d transition of Eu2+ at 312 nm. The broad emission band due to both 4f(6)5d - 4f(7) transition of EU2+ and f - f transition of Eu3+ could be observed in emission spectra, which indicated that the trivalent europium ions were reduced in air in the matrix at high temperature by the defects [V-Cn]" formed by aliovalent substitution between Ca2+ and Eu3+ ions. The UV excitation spectrum showed the typical f-f transition of Eu3+ and f-d transition of Eu2+. The bands with the maxima at about 113 and 158 nm in VUV excitation spectrum were assigned to originate from the absorption of the host lattice.

LaNi2和LaNi2.28储氢电极性能研究

在真空电弧炉内制备了LaNi<,2>和LaNi<,2.28>合金,在超高压下处理LaNi<,2>合金,得到了具有Laves相结构的AB<,2>型金属间化合物,采用机械合金化装置对上述铸造合金进行了球磨处理,制备了LaNi<,2.28>非晶合金粉末.利用这些合金制备储氢电极,与烧结镍阳极组成单电池,研究各种电极的充放电性能,得到如下结论:(1)LaNi<,2>和LaNi<,2.28>铸态合金电极的放电容量分别为199.4mAh/g和241.0mAh/g;(2)铸态AB<,2>合金的循环性能和放电容量高于Laves相结构的AB<,2>型合金;(3)非晶化的合金电极非常容易被活化,但循环性能和放电容量都远低于铸态合金电极.

Luminescent centers of EU2+ in BaMgAl10O17 phosphor

Two kinds of luminescent centers an observed in BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor. Influence of flux on luminescence of Eu2+ in the phosphor is discussed in detail. There exists Eu2+ (F-) center (a luminescent center with 277 nm excitation band and 386 nm emission band) due to the substitution of F- ions for O2- ions, Effective energy transfer from Eu2+ (F-) to Eu2+ (O2-) (a luminescent center with 334 nm excitation band and 450 nm emission band) is observed. The quenching concentration of Eu2+ in BaMgAl10O17 is raised by 0.20 mole per mole host due to forming of new luminescent center Eu2+ (F-). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies on the structure and properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(aryl ether ketone)s

Series of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (aryl ether ketone) s were synthesized by mucleophilic substitution reactions of 4,4'-biphenol and substituted hydroquinone with different difluoromonomers, The relationship between structure and properties of the novel copolymers was investigated. For the copolymers with liquid crystalline properties, their melting transition temperatures show no great change with increase the content of the crystal-disrupting unit. The reason is that the crystal phase is directly transformed from the ordered liquid crystal phase. Side-groups have important effect on mesophase stability, The temperature range of mesophase stability for the chloro-polymers is smaller than those of other series of copolymers (P-phenyl, t-butyl, methoxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzene). This behavior indicates that the effect of geometric repulsive factor on the thermodynamic stability of the mesophase is much larger than that of the polarizability attractive factor. Different ordered liquid crystal phases are observed in the polymers with different molecular weights. At low molecular weight, highly ordered smectic liquid crystal phases form. With increasing the molecular weight, the ordered degree of the liquid crystals decreases, and only the nematic liquid crystal phase is observed in the polymer with higher molecular weight.