911 resultados para 3,4-Aminobenzoic acid
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INTRODUCTION The omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the immediate precursors to a number of important mediators of immunity, inflammation and bone function, with products of omega-6 generally thought to promote inflammation and favour bone resorption. Western diets generally provide a 10 to 20-fold deficit in omega-3 PUFAs compared with omega-6, and this is thought to have contributed to the marked rise in incidence of disorders of modern human societies, such as heart disease, colitis and perhaps osteoporosis. Many of our food production animals, fed on grains rich in omega-6, are also exposed to a dietary deficit in omega-3, with perhaps similar health consequences. Bone fragility due to osteoporotic changes in laying hens is a major economic and welfare problem, with our recent estimates of breakage rates indicating up to 95% of free range hens suffer breaks during lay. METHODS Free range hens housed in full scale commercial systems were provided diets supplemented with omega-3 alpha linolenic acid, and the skeletal benefits were investigated by comparison to standard diets rich in omega-6. RESULTS There was a significant 40-60% reduction in keel bone breakage rate, and a corresponding reduction in breakage severity in the omega-3 supplemented hens. There was significantly greater bone density and bone mineral content, alongside increases in total bone and trabecular volumes. The mechanical properties of the omega-3 supplemented hens were improved, with strength, energy to break and stiffness demonstrating significant increases. Alkaline phosphatase (an osteoblast marker) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (an osteoclast marker) both showed significant increases with the omega-3 diets, indicating enhanced bone turnover. This was corroborated by the significantly lower levels of the mature collagen crosslinks, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline, lysyl pyridinoline and histidinohydroxy-lysinonorleucine, with a corresponding significant shift in the mature:immature crosslink ratio. CONCLUSIONS The improved skeletal health in laying hens corresponds to as many as 68million fewer hens suffering keel fractures in the EU each year. The biomechanical and biochemical evidence suggests that increased bone turnover has enhanced the bone mechanical properties, and that this may suggest potential benefits for human osteoporosis.
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Transcrits en notation moderne et publiés par S. Naumbourg
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Synthetic chemical elicitors of plant defense have been touted as a powerful means for sustainable crop protection. Yet, they have never been successfully applied to control insect pests in the field. We developed a high-throughput chemical genetics screening system based on a herbivore-induced linalool synthase promoter fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter construct to test synthetic compounds for their potential to induce rice defenses. We identified 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an auxin homolog and widely used herbicide in monocotyledonous crops, as a potent elicitor of rice defenses. Low doses of 2,4-D induced a strong defensive reaction upstream of the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways, resulting in a marked increase in trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and volatile production. Induced plants were more resistant to the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, but became highly attractive to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and its main egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae. In a field experiment, 2,4-D application turned rice plants into living traps for N. lugens by attracting parasitoids. • Our findings demonstrate the potential of auxin homologs as defensive signals and show the potential of the herbicide to turn rice into a selective catch crop for an economically important pest.
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Boberach: Der Dresdner Mai-Aufstand wird als Teil einer "allgemeindeutschen Demokratenverschwörung" gedeutet, bei der die Deutschkatholiken sich der antikatholischen Stimmung in Sachsen bedienten
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Boberach: Anträge und Thesen von Gerber, Krech, Seyffert, Bergmann, Mützell, Holäufer, Hamann, Graser: Die Schule soll Staatsanstalt unter Beteiligung der Gemeinden, Landkreise und Regierungsbezirke, der Religionsunterricht auf die Elementarklassen beschränkt sein. Der Direktor muß die Beschlüsse des Lehrerkollegiums ausführen. Die Lehrer sollen höhere Pensionen erhalten. Die Schulamtskandidaten sollen zuerst ein halbes Jahr lang hospitieren. Die Lehrerseminare sollen hinsichtlich der praktischen Ausbildung reformiert, an der Universität ein Lehrstuhl für Pädagogik errichtet werden. Außerdem sollen Lehr- und Stundenpläne der Gymnasien und die Gründung eines Provinzialvereins behandelt werden
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Boberach: Der Kongreß der (mit den Namen der Delegierten aufgeführten 89) Volks- und Vaterlandsvereine aus Sachsen, beiden Hessen, Braunschweig, Hamburg, Bremen und Oldenburg will die nationale Partei in einem Allgemeinen Deutschen Vaterlandsverein organisieren, der für die Märzerrungenschaften und die in der Deutschen Nationalversammlung repräsentierte Volkssouveränität eintritt
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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Reichsverfassungskampagne in Sachsen: preußische Truppen vor Dresden
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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Festlegung des Umfangs des fünften engeren Wahldistrikts zum preußischen Landtag sowie des engeren Wahldistrikts zur deutschen Nationalversammlung; Vorladung der Wahlmänner zur Vorberatung über die Kandidatenwahl
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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Karikierende Darstellung eines Moses von Mohl (samt Wappen mit der Aufschrift: "Hony soit qui mal y pense"). Eine Person dieses Namens konnte nicht ermittelt werden; gemeint ist sicherlich der Politiker und spätere Abgeordnete der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung Moriz von Mohl
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Hugo Nothmann